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Objective: To explore the impacts of different types of physical exercise on health outcomes of individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs). Methods: Forty individuals with HDPs admitted to a tertiary hospital providing maternal and pediatric care between July 2023 and March 2024 were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled clinical study and completed a ≥4-week intervention. Data were collected before the intervention and before delivery. Participants were assigned randomly to control (no exercise intervention), aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), and AE + RT groups. All participants downloaded a mobile health-education app for gestational hypertension developed by our research group. Exercise videos in the app guided participants' performance of different types of exercise. General information; physical activity and sleep quality data; morning blood pressure, lipid profiles, and urinary micro-albumin/creatinine ratios; serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) concentrations; and pregnancy outcome data were collected and compared among groups. Results: After the intervention, the physical activity status, sleep quality, morning blood pressure, lipid profiles, urinary micro-albumin/creatinine ratios, and pregnancy outcomes differed significantly among all groups comparing with control (all p <.05). In the three exercise groups, the serum sFlt-1, PlGF, and AOPPs levels improved significantly (all p <.05). All differences were most pronounced in the AE + RT group. Limitations: The study period was relatively short. The further long-term follow-up research is needed. A larger sample size study is also needed. Conclusions: The study results suggest that AE + RT interventions are beneficial for individuals with HDPs in clinical settings, and could be implemented with careful consideration of individuals' specific conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) holds great promise for vaccine and therapeutic applications. However, ineffective transport of nucleic acid cargo from endosomes to the cytosol, termed "endosomal escape," has remained a bottleneck to achieving greater LNP efficacy. Poor understanding of the mechanisms of endosomal escape and a lack of suitable techniques to assess the efficiency of escape have also impeded progress in this field. To address this gap, a modified SNAPSwitch/SNAP‐tag assay is developed to compare the cytosolic delivery capabilities of various LNP formulations, comparing ionizable lipids used in major commercial LNP products. The results show that all the LNP formulations tested exhibited low (<10%) endosomal escape efficiency. Interestingly, a limited correlation is found between the amount of mRNA delivery to the cytosol and protein expression. While endosomal escape of mRNA LNP cargo is necessary for protein expression, subcellular processes after delivery to the cytosol play a critical role in maximising protein expression. These findings challenge existing paradigms and reveal critical parameters for optimizing nucleic acid delivery and therapeutic effectiveness of next‐generation LNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune diseases are caused by the imbalance of immune regulation. This imbalance is regulated by many factors, both negative and positive. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) is a member of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs). LILRs are expressed constitutively on the surface of multiple immune cells which associate with membrane adaptors to signal through multi- ple cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) or immunoreceptor tyro-sine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). Through ITIM, LILRB4 could recruit the src homology domain type-2-containing tyrosine phosphatase 1 or 2 (SHP-1 or SHP-2) into the cell membrane. In addition, many factors can induce the expression of LILRB4, such as vitamin D, interferon and so on. Studies have demonstrated that LILRB4 had a negative regulatory role in various of immune diseases. The present review intends to expound the structure and function of LILRB4, as well as its regulators and receptors in the immune cells, so as to provide a theoretical basis for immune disease therapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Termedia.)