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This study aimed to investigate the effects of solid-state fermentation products of yeast (SFPY) on liver and intestinal health and disease resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 200 common carp with an initial average weight of 2.55 ± 0.004 g were divided into 5 groups (4 replications per group and 10 fish per replication), and were fed with one of five diets, including a control diet and 4 diets supplemented with 2‰ (Y2), 3‰ (Y3), 4‰ (Y4), or 5‰ (Y5) SFPY, respectively, for 8 weeks. Results indicated that, the addition of SFPY to the diet of common carp did not affect the growth performance or survival rate of fish (P = 0.253). Interestingly, with the addition of SFPY, the triacylglycerol (TAG) content of the liver presented a linear decreasing tendency (P = 0.004), with significantly decreased in Y4 and Y5 groups (P = 0.035) compared with control. Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity presented a negative linear relationship with the addition of SFPY (P = 0.015, P = 0.030), while serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) content first decreased and then increased (P

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a host-associated Bacillus subtilis 1-C-7 as a probiotic for Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi). Four test diets were formulated to contain graded levels of B. subtilis 1-C-7 at 0 (CY), 0.85 × 108 (Y1), 0.95 × 109 (Y2) and 0.91 × 1010 (Y3) CFU/kg diet. The test fish with initial weight 30.0 ± 1.2 g were fed the 4 test diets with 3 replicates in an indoor water-flow aquaculture system with 12 net cages (40 fish/cage) for 10 wk. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, the probiotic effects of B. subtilis on Chinese perch were analyzed based on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, histologic morphology of liver and gut, gut microbiota and the resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that the percentage of weight gain had no significant change in the Y1 and Y2 groups (P > 0.05) but decreased in the Y3 group compared to that in the CY group (P

Abstract Background We have previously reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from osteoblastic, osteoclastic and mixed prostate cancer cells promote osteoclast differentiation and inhibit osteoblast differentiation via transferring miR-92a-1-5p. In the present study, we focused on engineering miR-92a-1-5p into EVs and determining any therapeutic roles and mechanisms of the engineered EVs. Methods A stable prostate cancer cell line (MDA PCa 2b) overexpressing miR-92a-1-5p was constructed by lentivirus, and EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation. The overexpression of miR-92a-1-5p in both cells and EVs was tested using qPCR. Osteoclast function was evaluated by Trap staining, mRNA expression of osteoclastic markers ctsk and trap, immunolabeling of CTSK and TRAP and microCT using either in vitro and in vivo assays. Target gene of miR-92a-1-5p was proved by a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. siRNAs were designed and used for transient expression in order to determine the role of downstream genes on osteoclast differentiation. Results Stable overexpression cells of miRNA-92a-5p was associated with EVs upregulating this microRNA, as confirmed by qPCR. Further, miR-92a-1-5p enriched EVs promote osteoclast differentiation in vitro by reducing MAPK1 and FoxO1 expression, associated with increased osteoclast function as shown by TRAP staining and mRNA expression of osteoclast functional genes. siRNA targeting MAPK1 or FoxO1 resulted in similar increase in osteoclast function. In vivo, the miR-92a-1-5p enriched EVs given via i.v. injection promote osteolysis, which was associated with reduction of MAPK1 and FoxO1 expression in bone marrow. Conclusion These experiments suggest that miR-92a-1-5p enriched EVs regulate osteoclast function via reduction of MAPK1 and FoxO1. Graphical Abstract

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303525.].

Vegetable and fruit classification can help all links of agricultural product circulation to better carry out inventory management, logistics planning and supply chain coordination, and improve the efficiency and response speed of the supply chain. However, the current classification of vegetables and fruits mainly relies on manual classification, which inevitably introduces the influence of human subjective factors, resulting in errors and misjudgments in the classification of vegetables and fruits. In response to this serious problem, this research proposes an efficient and reproducible novel model to classify multiple vegetables and fruits using handcrafted features. In the proposed model, preprocessing operations such as Gaussian filtering, grayscale and binarization are performed on the pictures of vegetables and fruits to improve the quality of the pictures; statistical texture features representing vegetable and fruit categories, wavelet transform features and shape features are extracted from the preprocessed images; the feature dimension reduction method of diffusion maps is used to reduce the redundant information of the combined features composed of statistical texture features, wavelet transform features and shape features; five effective machine learning methods were used to classify the types of vegetables and fruits. In this research, the proposed method was rigorously verified experimentally and the results show that the SVM classifier achieves 96.25% classification accuracy of vegetables and fruits, which proves that the proposed method is helpful to improve the quality and management level of vegetables and fruits, and provide strong support for agricultural production and supply chain.

Bamboo leaves contain high concentrations of various biologically active compounds, such as polyphenols and volatiles, making them attractive as raw resources for antioxidant additives in the food industry. Here, we investigated the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of four bamboo leaf extracts from two species (Phyllostachys edulis and Chimonocalamus delicatus) at two growth stages (first and second years). Antioxidant capacity was determined based on the radical-scavenging capacity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+). We also assessed the antifungal capacity based on mycelial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum musae (C. musae), Botrytis cinerea (B. cinereain), and Alternaria alternata (A. alternata). Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed that the TPC was significantly (p < 0.01) negatively correlated with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations against DPPH and ABTS+, whereas the TFC was positively correlated with C. musae and B. cinereain growth inhibition, which suggest that TPC and TFC might be the major contributors to the antioxidant and antifungal capacities of bamboo leaves, respectively. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of bamboo leaves were also analyzed using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry. The VOCs included twenty-four aldehydes, eleven alcohols, four furans, seven esters, fifteen terpenes, three ketones, one pyrazine, and thirty unidentified compounds. Principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed to assess the differences in the volatile profiles of the four bamboo leaf samples, from which 23 discriminatory VOCs with variable importance in the projection values > 1 were screened, and part of them were impacted by species or growth stage. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the use of bamboo leaves.

Yanzhiguo [Prunus napaulensis (Ser.) Steud] belongs to Rosaceae family and is consumed as wild fruit, pulp and juice. However, its potential for extracting natural pigment has not yet been explored. Herein, the components in the fresh Yanzhiguo pulp were preliminarily analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. And, the optimal pre-treatment conditions were established for further extraction of Yanzhiguo pigment based on the a* value. Then, by combining the data from single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, the optimal extraction process was established as: 35% EtOH, a liquid-solid ratio of 200:1 mL g−1, an extraction time of 65 min, and an extraction temperature of 100 °C. Moreover, it was found that the a* value and yield had high fitness except when extracted into ethanol (EtOH) with different concentrations. Meanwhile, our result demonstrated Yanzhiguo pigment had high stability in general environments with carmine (a synthetic pigment) as control, except for extreme environments such as direct (hot) sunlight, high temperature (75 °C) and strong alkaline (pH $\geq$≥ 11). Also, Yanzhiguo pigment exhibited good antioxidant activity. Our results contribute to more information on Yanzhiguo pigment and promote its application by providing efficient extraction technology.

Dried instant rice noodles are a convenience food, and they have shown rapid development in recent years. However, there are many disadvantages of dried instant rice noodles, such as long rehydration time, high turbidity of soup, high break rate, poor taste, and disappointing textural properties. In this study, to overcome these disadvantages, freeze-dried rice noodles were prepared at freezing temperatures of −10, −20, and −40 ℃ by the vacuum freeze-drying process, which were called FDRN10, FDRN20, and FDRN40, respectively. The factors that affected the rehydration quality of freeze-dried rice noodles were investigated by analyzing the rehydration speed, microstructure, starch retrogradation, and texture characteristics at different water temperatures. The results showed that FDRN10 had the highest water content of the three freeze-dried rice noodles for the same water temperature and rehydration time. This indicated that the rehydration speed of FDRN10 was the fastest. The microstructures of the external surface and cross section were observed. FDRN10 had the loosest structure and largest aperture. The diameter of the aperture of FDRN10 was 72.58 µm, which was four times larger than that of FDRN40. This microstructure led to FDRN10 showing good water absorption. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the enthalpy of FDRN10 was 92.98 J/g. The enthalpy of FDRN40 was the lowest (12.39 J/g). Thus, FDRN10 had the highest level of starch retrogradation among the three freeze-dried rice noodle samples, and the lowest level of starch water-absorbing swelling. Hardness analysis showed that the hardness value of FDRN10 decreased with increasing water temperature for the same rehydration time. The texture characteristics of FDRN10 were the closest to those of fresh rice noodles after rehydrating with water at 70 ℃ for 8 min. The above results indicate that the freezing temperature and rehydration temperature play important roles in the quality of freeze-dried rice noodles. This study provides an innovative process for improvement of instant-rice-noodle production.

In this study, “Xiahui 8” honey peach fruit was used as a test material to investigate the synergistic preservation effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and laser microporous film (LMF). The peach fruits were fumigated with 2 μL/L 1-MCP for 24 h, then packed in LMF. The results showed that 1-MCP+LMF significantly reduced the respiratory intensity and weight loss of peach during cold storage (P

Summary: The impairment of antibody-mediated immunity is a major factor associated with fatal cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). By collating the clinical diagnosis reports of 30 SFTS cases, we discovered the overproliferation of monoclonal plasma cells (MCP cells, CD38+cLambda+cKappa−) in bone marrow, which has only been reported previously in multiple myeloma. The ratio of CD38+cLambda+ versus CD38+cKappa+ in SFTS cases with MCP cells was significantly higher than that in normal cases. MCP cells presented transient expression in the bone marrow, which was distinctly different from multiple myeloma. Moreover, the SFTS patients with MCP cells had higher clinical severity. Further, the overproliferation of MCP cells was also observed in SFTS virus (SFTSV)-infected mice with lethal infectious doses. Together, SFTSV infection induces transient overproliferation of monoclonal lambda-type plasma cells, which have important implications for the study of SFTSV pathogenesis, prognosis, and the rational development of therapeutics.

Peach fruit softening is the result of a series of complex physiological and biochemical reactions that influence shelf life and consumer acceptance; however, the precise mechanisms underlying softening remain unclear. We conducted a metabolomic study of the flesh and peel of the honey peach (Prunus persica L.) to identify critical metabolites before and after fruit softening. Compared to the pre-softening profiles, 155 peel metabolites and 91 flesh metabolites exhibited significant changes after softening (|log2(FC)| > 1; p < 0.05). These metabolites were mainly associated with carbohydrate metabolism, respiratory chain and energy metabolism (citrate cycle, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions), reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. During peach fruit softening, energy supply, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, oxidative damage, and plant hormone metabolism were enhanced, whereas amino acid biosynthesis and cell growth declined. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex mechanisms of postharvest fruit softening, and may assist breeding programs in improving peach fruit quality during storage.

Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems consume approximately 60% of the total energy consumption in public buildings, and an effective way to reduce HVAC energy consumption is to provide accurate load forecasting. This paper proposes a load forecasting model CEEMDAN-Conv1D-BiLSTM-AM which combines empirical mode decomposition and neural networks. The load data are decomposed into fifteen sub-sequences using complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN). The neural network inputs consist of the decomposition results and five exogenous variables. The neural networks contain a one-dimensional convolutional layer, a BiLSTM layer, and an attention mechanism layer. The Conv1D is employed to extract deep features from each input variable, while BiLSTM and the attention mechanism layer are used to learn the characteristics of the load time series. The five exogenous variables are selected based on the correlation analysis between external factors and load series, and the number of input steps for the model is determined through autocorrelation analysis of the load series. The performance of CEEMDAN-Conv1D-BiLSTM-AM is compared with that of five other models and the results show that the proposed model has a higher prediction accuracy than other models.

Cinnamon protects against irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) in humans, but its efficacy and underlying mechanism of action remain poorly understood. Maternally separated (MS) IBS-D rat model and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced post-inflammatory IBS-D rat model are characterized by visceral hyperalgesia and diarrhea. This study used the two models to evaluate the effect of cinnamon extract (CE) on bowel symptoms. The MS rat model was also used to explore its underlying anti-IBS mechanism. cinnamon extract reduced defecation frequency and visceral hyperalgesia in MS rats in a dose-dependent manner and effectively improved visceral hyperalgesia in TNBS rats. The efficacy of cinnamon extract was comparable to the positive drug serotonin receptor 3 (5-HT3) selective antagonist, Ramosetron. Excessive 5-HT, a well-known pathogenic factor for IBS, in the colon and circulation of IBS rats was reduced after cinnamon extract intervention. Both, gene and protein levels of the colonic 5-HT synthetase, Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 (Tph1), were also decreased in CE-treated IBS rats. In addition, a luciferase assay revealed that cinnamon extract and its major components, catechin, procyanidin B1/2, cinnamic acid, and cinnamyl alcohol, significantly inhibited Tph1 transcription activity in vitro. These findings illustrated that aqueous cinnamon extract partially attenuated bowel symptoms in IBS models by directly inhibiting Tph1 expression and controlling 5-HT synthesis. This provides a scientific viewpoint for the use of cinnamon as a folk medication to treat IBS.

Objectives: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). However, after 2–3 years ADT treatment, prostate cancer inevitably transits from androgen-dependent PCa (ADPC) to androgen-independent PCa (AIPC), which has a poor prognosis owing to its unclear mechanism and lack of effective therapeutic targets. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a vital role in the development of cancer. However, the role of PCa sEVs in the transformation of AIPC remains poorly understood. Materials and methods: Two different cell models were employed and compared. sEVs from ADPC cells (LNCaP) and AIPC cells (LNCaP-AI + F cells) were isolated and characterized. After co-culture of LNCaP-AI + F sEVs with LNCaP cells and of LNCaP sEVs with LNCaP-AI + F cells, androgen-independent transformation was determined respectively. Mechanically, small RNA sequencing was performed. Androgen-independent transformation was examined by the upregulation and downregulation of miRNA and downstream pathways were analyzed. Results: LNCaP-AI + F sEVs promoted the androgen-independent transformation of LNCaP cells. Interestingly, LNCaP sEVs exhibited a capacity to reverse the process.Let-7a-5p transfer was demonstrated. Furthermore, let-7a-5p overexpression promotes the androgen-independent transformation and let-7a-5p down-regulation reverses the process. Androgen receptor (AR) and PI3K/Akt pathways were identified and demonstrated by both let-7a-5p regulation and PCa sEVs coculture. Conclusions: PCa sEVs are intimately involved in the regulation of androgen-independent transformation of prostate cancer by transferring the key sEVs molecular let-7a-5p and then activating the AR and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Our results provide new perspectives for the development of sEVs and sEVs molecular targeted treatment approaches for AIPC patients.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary paeonol levels on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities and transcriptional expression of antioxidant- and immune-related genes in Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) juveniles. Six diets supplemented with 0, 60, 120, 240, 480 and 960 mg kg−1 paeonol were formulated, and each diet was randomly assigned to three replicate groups of 25 fish with an average initial weight of 23.10 ± 0.90 g for 53 days. Our results showed that weight gain (WG) increased first and then decreased with the increase of dietary paeonol levels. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) were significantly increased as the increasing dietary paeonol levels. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) contents, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities displayed a trend of decreasing or significantly decreasing in the paeonol-added groups. Supplemental paeonol in diets significantly elevated the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Lysozymes (LYZ) in both serum and liver, while decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) values. Furthermore, the levels of dietary paeonol had significant effects on the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (including CAT, GPx, Maf, HMOX1) and immune genes (including irak1, IL-8, CC1, LYZ). These data suggested that dietary paeonol could improve the growth performance and some serum biochemical indices of GIFT, enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities, and induced the expression of antioxidant- and immune-related genes. Analysis based on broken-line regression, 90.55 mg kg−1 paeonol would be suitable for tilapia juveniles.

It is no doubt that the improvement of flesh quality of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in freshwater contributes to its development potential in aquaculture. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of arginine supplementation on the flesh quality of L. vannamei reared in freshwater and its mechanism. L. vannamei were randomly fed with three diets for 56 days, of which arginine level was 10.15 g kg–1 (arginine-deficient diet), 21.82 g kg–1 (arginine-optimal diet), and 32.46 g kg–1 (arginine-excessive diet), respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks, and each tank was stocked with 35 shrimps (initial weight: 1.70 ± 0.02 g). Results showed the arginine-optimal diet increased the weight gain, flesh percentage, crude protein and flavor amino acid contents in muscle, and improved the flesh hardness by conversing fast myofibers to slow myofibers, increasing myofiber density and myofibrillar length, and promoting ornithine and collagen synthesis. The arginine-optimal diet influenced the purine metabolic pathway by reducing hypoxanthine, xanthine, and inosine contents. Ornithine, citrulline, and glutamate were identified as the key metabolites affecting flesh quality traits after arginine treatments. Only increasing the levels of dietary arginine did not result in an increase in endogenous creatine synthesis in muscle and hepatopancreas. Overall, the arginine-optimal diet improved the flesh quality traits of L. vannamei reared in freshwater due to the enhanced muscular hardness, protein deposition, and flavor, which may be contributing to the transformation of muscle fiber type and increase in protein synthesis by the metabolites of arginine (ornithine, citrulline, and glutamate).

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease in postmenopausal women. It has been known that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a regulatory role in the progression of osteoporosis. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of exosome-derived lncRNA on regulating the occurrence and development of PMOP remains unclear. Exosomes in the serum of patients PMOP were collected and identified. RNA sequencing was performed to obtain the expression profile of exosome-derived lncRNAs in the serum of PMOP patients. RNA sequencing identified 26 differentially expressed lncRNAs from the exosomes between healthy people and PMOP patients. Among them, the expression of TCONS_00072128 was dramatically down-regulated. A co-location method was employed and searched its potential target gene caspase 8. TCONS_00072128 knockdown notably decreased the expression of caspase 8, while the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was also reduced. Reversely, TCONS_00072128 overexpression enhanced caspase 8 expression and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, the continuous expression of caspase 8 regulated by TCONS_00072128 significantly activated inflammation pathways including NLRP3 signaling and NF-κB signaling. Simultaneously, RIPK1 which has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of a wide range of human neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases, was also phosphorylated. The results of the present study suggested that exosome-derived lncRNA TCONS_00072128 could promote the progression of PMOP by regulating caspase 8. In addition, caspase 8 expression in BMSCs was possible to be a key regulator that balanced cell differentiation and inflammation activation.

Snow pea is a very important vegetable, and its postharvest storage characteristics vary with species. Few studies on the differences in its storage characteristics are available. In this study, postharvest changes in metabolic rate (respiration rate and water loss rate), membrane permeability (relative conductivity), nutrient contents (total sugar, amino acids, starch), lignin, cellulose, β-Glucosidase (β-GC) enzyme activity, texture properties, PG enzyme activity and their relationship were analyzed in large sweet broad peas and small snow peas. On the 8th day of storage, we found that the respiration rate and water loss rate were increased, total sugars and total amino acids were decreased significantly in these two legume vegetables, and that metabolic rate was slower with less nutrients consumed in large sweet broad peas than in small snow peas. Throughout the 8-day whole storage, the lignin and cellulose contents were always lower in large sweet broad peas than in small snow peas. With the increasing storage time, small snow peas were more susceptible to lignification and fibrosis, which was observed in their texture properties. The enzyme activities related to cellulose and pectin degradation (β-GC, PG) also showed the same trend during the storage. At the late stage of storage, the taste of large sweet broad peas was better than that of small snow peas. In conclusion, the storage period of large sweet broad peas was longer than that of the small snow peas, and its lignification degree was lower than that of the small snow peas. Meanwhile, senescence and lignin accumulation led to hardening of snow pea during postharvest storage. Our findings provide a theoretical reference for improving the postharvest storage quality of snow pea and extending the shelf life.

To solve the problems of the impact of carbon emission reduction and low-carbon advertising on the supply chain of fresh agricultural products, a three-level low-carbon supply chain system composed of a manufacturer, a retailer and a third-party logistics service provider is taken as the research object. The profit functions of each party under the three contracts of the manufacturer bearing, the retailer bearing and the two parties jointly bearing the advertising cost are, respectively, established to solve the optimal pricing, advertising level preservation efforts, service levels and carbon emission reduction decisions. The numerical analysis shows that, with the increase in wholesale price and the decrease in fresh-keeping price coefficient and low-carbon cost coefficient, manufacturers will choose better fresh-keeping effort level and low-carbon service level. When the proportion of advertising cost borne by the supplier increases, the benefits of all parties in the supply chain will decrease; however, when the retailer bears the advertising cost alone, the profit of the supply chain system is the largest.

Owing to the competitive advantages of fast response speed, large pushing force, high reliability, and high precision, the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) has played an increasingly vital role in various high-speed and high-precision control systems. However, PMLSM exhibits nonlinear behavior in actual operation, and position tracking precision is negatively affected by friction, load changes, and other external disturbances. To meet the growing demand and solve the position tracking control problem for the PMLSM, the control system is critical. Sliding-mode control (SMC) has been used extensively in nonlinear control systems due to its superior performance characterized by simplicity, good dynamic response and insensitivity to parameter perturbation and external disturbances, and has been implemented in PMLSMs to track practical position. The objective of this article is to classify, scrutinize and review the major sliding-mode control approaches for position control of PMLSM. The three different conventional SMC methods, namely the boundary layer approach, the reaching law approach and the disturbance observer-based SMC, are discussed in detail. The four advanced forms of SMC, namely terminal SMC, super-twisting SMC, adaptive SMC and intelligent SMC, are also presented. A comparison of these approaches is given, in which the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are presented; additionally, they are presented in table form in order to facilitate reading. It is anticipated that this work will serve as a reference and provide important insight into position control of PMLSM systems.

Since permanent magnet linear synchronous motors are widely used in fatigue testing, in this paper, the thrust of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is amplified more than 10 times by the method of resonance. Firstly, the air gap magnetic field is analyzed by the equivalent magnetization current method (EMC), the electromagnetic thrust is calculated, and the expression is given by the Maxwell tensor method. The vibration analysis of the whole machine is used to obtain the conditions under which the motor resonates. The dynamic and static characteristics of the motor are analyzed through finite element simulation, the results of the motor design are judged to be reasonable, and the theoretical calculation results are compared with the simulation results to verify the accuracy of the theoretical calculation. The accuracy of the simulation results is verified by static force experiments. Finally, the rated thrust of the motor was enlarged more than 10 times by resonance experiments.

Honey peach (Prunus persica L.) is highly nutritious; it is an excellent source of sugars, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and mineral elements. However, it is a perishable climacteric fruit that is difficult to preserve. In this study, “Feicheng” honey peach fruit was used as a test material to investigate the synergistic preservation effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and laser microporous film (LMF). The peach fruits were fumigated for 24 h with 2 μL L−1 1-MCP, then packed in LMF. In comparison with the control treatment, 1-MCP + LMF treatment markedly decreased the respiration rate, weight loss, and rot rate of peach fruits. Moreover, the combination of 1-MCP and LMF suppressed the increase in soluble solids (SS) and reducing sugars (RS), as well as the decrease in titratable acid (TA) and ascorbic acid (AsA). The combined application also maintained a high protopectin content and low soluble pectin content; it reduced the accumulation of superoxide anions (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Except in a few samples, the catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were higher when treated by 1-MCP + LMF. Conversely, the phenylalanine deaminase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), lipase, lipoxygenase (LOX), polygalacturonase (PG), β-glucosidase, and cellulase (Cx) activities were lower than in the control. Furthermore, 1-MCP + LMF treatment reduced the relative abundances of dominant pathogenic fungi (e.g., Streptomyces, Stachybotrys, and Issa sp.). The combined treatment improved the relative abundances of antagonistic fungi (e.g., Aureobasidium and Holtermanniella). The results indicated that the co-application of 1-MCP and LMF markedly reduced weight loss and spoilage, delayed the decline of nutritional quality, and inhibited the physiological and biochemical metabolic activities of peach during storage. These changes extended its shelf-life to 28 days at 5 °C. The results provide a reference for the commercial application of this technology.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops, feeding half of the world’s population. However, rice production is affected by cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Due to an increase in Cd-contaminated soil and rice grains, and the serious harm to human health from Cd, research on Cd uptake, transport and resistance in rice has been widely conducted, and many important advances have been made. Rice plants absorb Cd mainly from soil through roots, which is mediated by Cd absorption-related transporters, including OsNramp5, OsNramp1, OsCd1, OsZIP3, OsHIR1,OsIRT1 and OsIRT2. Cd uptake is affected by soil’s environmental factors, such as the concentrations of Cd and some other ions in soil, soil properties, and other factors can affect the bioavailability of Cd in soil. Then, Cd is transported within rice plants mediated by OsZIP6, OsZIP7, OsLCD, OsHMA2, CAL1, OsCCX2, OsLCT1 and OsMTP1, from roots to shoots and from shoots to grains. To resist Cd toxicity, rice has evolved many resistance strategies, including the deposition of Cd in cell walls, vacuolar Cd sequestration, Cd chelation, antioxidation and Cd efflux. In addition, some unresolved scientific questions surrounding Cd uptake, transport and resistance in rice are proposed for further study.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of radiomics features based on 18F-FDG PET/ CT imaging for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemotherapy. Methods: A sample of 146 NSCLC patients staged Ⅲ or stage Ⅳ were included in this retrospective study who received 18F-FDG PET/CT before treatment. All patients were treated with standardized chemotherapy after PET/CT examination and were divided into training group and validation group in an 8:2 ratio randomly. Radiomics features were extracted. In the training group, the minimum absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and Cox risk proportional regression model were used to screen radiomics and clinical prognostic factors of progression-free survival (PFS). The radiomic model, clinical model and complex model were established respectively. The corresponding scores were calculated, then verified in the validation group. Results: The LASSO algorithm finally screened four radiomics features. ROC results showed that in the training group, the AUC of PFS predicted by the radiomics model was 0.746, and that in the verification group was 0.622. COX multivariate analysis finally included three clinical features related to PFS in NSCLC patients, namely pathological type, clinical stage and MTV30. The AUC for predicting PFS by clinical model, radiomics model and composite model were 0.746, 0.753 and 0.716, respectively. The radiomics model had the highest diagnostic efficacy, and its sensitivity and specificity were 0.663 and 0.833, respectively. Delong test verified that there was no statistical difference in the predictive efficacy between the radiomics model and the composite model (Z=1.777, P=0.076) and the clinical imaging model (Z=0.323, P=0.747). Conclusion: The radiomics model based on PET/CT has a good predictive value for the prognosis of advanced NSCLC treated with chemotherapy, but it needs further validation before it can be widely used in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]