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Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is closely associated with chronicinflammation, is the most common liver cancer and primarily involves dysregulated immune responses in the precancerous microenvironment. Currently, most studies have been limited to HCC incidence. However, the immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying precancerous lesions remain unknown.Methods: We obtained single-cell sequencing data (GSE136103) from two nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cirrhosis samples and five healthy samples. Using pseudo-time analysis, we systematically identified five different T-cell differentiation states. Ten machine-learning algorithms were used in 81 combinations to integrate the frameworks and establish the best T-cell differentiation-related prognostic signature in a multi-cohort bulk transcriptome analysis.Results: LDHA was considered a core gene, and the results were validated using multiple external datasets. In addition, we validated LDHA expression using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.Conclusion: LDHA is a crucial marker gene in T cells for the progression of NAFLD cirrhosis to HCC.

Objective To examine the willingness to use food nutrition facts panel (NFP) and its influencing factors among residents in six provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) across China and to provide a reference for the promotion of food nutrition labeling. Methods Using stratified multistage random sampling, we recruited 3 037 permanent adult residents (aged 18 – 70 years) of 120 urban communities/rural villages in Beijing municipality and Jiangsu, Guangdong, Heilongjiang, Henan, and Sichuan province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among the residents from July 2020 through March 2021 with a self-designed electronic questionnaire about the willingness to use NFP of packaged foods. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression model was adopted to analyze factors affecting residents’ willingness to use the NFP. Results Of the 3 002 participants with valid respondence, 42.67% (1 281) reported the willingness to use NFP when buying pre-packaged food. Among the 1 281 participants willing to use the NFP, 94.85% reported the attention to sugar content listed in the NFP, followed by 92.97% to protein, 92.58% to salt (sodium), 92.19% to fat, 89.77% to energy amount, 85.56% to carbohydrate, 80.95% to saturated fatty acid, and 80.64% to trans fatty acid, respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the participants with following characteristics were more likely to use NFP: with the education of high school/technical school/technical secondary school and above, with a family member under 18 years old, being aware of adverse effect of unreasonable diet structure on health, and having a fair or good diet habit; while, the participants aged 60 years and above, being not aware of own body weight, and buying pre-packaged food at least once a week were less likely to use NFP. Conclusion Among adult residents in six PLADs, the proportion of those willing to use NFP when buying pre-packaged food is not high and the willingness is mainly influenced by age, education, whether with a family member aged less than 18 years, the awareness of own body weight, the awareness of adverse effect of unreasonable diet structure on health, diet habit, and the frequency of buying pre-packaged food.

Introduction: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non-lean patients is significantly increased, and obesity significantly increases the risk of cirrhosis and HCC in NAFLD patients. However, whether there is a difference in clinical manifestations of NAFLD between overweight and obesity remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical and histological features of NAFLD among a non-lean population. Methods: Current study enrolled consecutive non-lean (body mass index [BMI] >23 kg/m2) patients with NAFLD and available liver biopsy results. Patients were stratified by BMI into two groups for the comparison of their clinical and histological variables, which included the overweight (BMI 23 ∼1) were also analyzed through the logistic regression model. Results: Among 184 non-lean patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease enrolled, 65 and 119 were overweight and obese, respectively. Patients in the obesity group had a significantly lower level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, higher levels of platelet, glucose, prothrombin time, and more common of moderate to severe inflammatory activity when compared to those in the overweight group. However, a significant low frequency of moderate to severe fibrosis was found in the obesity group versus the overweight group (19.33% vs. 40.00%, p = 0.002). Binary logistics regression analysis of fibrosis found that aspartate transaminase (AST), BMI, alanine transaminase (ALT), and cholesterol (CHOL) were independent predictors for moderate to severe fibrosis in non-lean patients with NAFLD. Compared with the traditional fibrosis-4 (AUC = 0.77) and aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (AUC = 0.79) indexes, the combined index based on AST, BMI, ALT, and CHOL was more accurate in predicting moderate to severe fibrosis in non-lean patients with NAFLD (AUC = 0.87). Conclusions: Clinical and histological features differed between obesity and overweight patients with NAFLD. When compared to the traditional serum markers, the combination index including AST, BMI, ALT, and CHOL provided a better model to predict moderate to severe fibrosis in non-lean patients with NAFLD.

Exposure to toxigenic harmful algal blooms (HABs) can result in widely recognized acute poisoning in humans. The five most commonly recognized HAB-related illnesses are diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), and ciguatera poisoning (CP). Despite being caused by exposure to various toxins or toxin analogs, these clinical syndromes share numerous similarities. Humans are exposed to these toxins mainly through the consumption of fish and shellfish, which serve as the main biological vectors. However, the risk of human diseases linked to toxigenic HABs is on the rise, corresponding to a dramatic increase in the occurrence, frequency, and intensity of toxigenic HABs in coastal regions worldwide. Although a growing body of studies have focused on the toxicological assessment of HAB-related species and their toxins on aquatic organisms, the organization of this information is lacking. Consequently, a comprehensive review of the adverse effects of HAB-associated species and their toxins on those organisms could deepen our understanding of the mechanisms behind their toxic effects, which is crucial to minimizing the risks of toxigenic HABs to human and public health. To this end, this paper summarizes the effects of the five most common HAB toxins on fish, shellfish, and humans and discusses the possible mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]