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Summary MitoFlex is a linux-based mitochondrial genome analysis toolkit, which provides a complete workflow of raw data filtering, de novo assembly, mitochondrial genome identification and annotation for animal High Throughput Sequencing data. The overall performance was compared between MitoFlex and its analogue MitoZ, in terms of protein-coding gene recovery, memory consumption and processing speed. Availabilityand implementation MitoFlex is available at https://github.com/Prunoideae/MitoFlex under GPLv3 license. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For drag and heat flux reduction, many strategies equipped with jets have got lots of attentions recently. However, the establishment process of jet flow still remains unclear. In this investigation, an in-house code was developed to simulate the establishment process of spiked lateral jet flow and to uncover flow mechanisms. Firstly, code verification and validation were performed. Then the establishment process of spiked lateral jet in hypersonic flows is thoroughly investigated. Besides, some factors influencing the establishment process of spiked lateral jet are also explored. The results showed that the establishment process of spiked lateral jet in hypersonic flows is a strong transient process and contains complex flow phenomena. During the whole process, the aerodynamic drag firstly drops and then rises accompanying by fluctuation to a stable value. Increasing the lateral jet pressure would lead to severer interaction between the lateral jet and blunt body resulting in more dramatic fluctuation of aerodynamic drag. Besides, for fixed lateral jet pressure, longer spike is recommended. The transient flow structure is highly dominated by the lateral jet location and proper lateral jet location can decrease the fluctuation of aerodynamic drag during the establishment process of spiked lateral jet in hypersonic flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pressure control method that incorporates parameter adaptation has been devised for the pressure control system of pintle solid rocket motors, which exhibit notable nonlinearities and uncertainties in parameters. Firstly, the mathematical relationship between pressure and pintle displacement is derived using the zero-dimensional interior ballistic model., and the state space equation is deduced by incorporating the dynamics of motor inertia load. Secondly, by capitalizing on the robustness of robust control, the parameter identification capabilities of adaptive control, and the rigor of Lyapunov stability theory, the proposed approach enables precise control of the pintle position while effectively addressing uncertainties, thereby enhancing the overall performance and stability of the system. Finally, the aforementioned theoretical framework has been validated through rigorous numerical simulations. The findings demonstrate a notable enhancement in the pressure response speed of the adaptive robust controller, with improvements of 10.01 % and 13.16 %, 0.03 % and 1.54 %, 0.06 % and 22.39 % in different orders of magnitude of free volume as compared to the robust controller and PID controller, respectively. Moreover, it is evident that the adaptive robust controller relies on the accuracy of the model. The applied controller demonstrates notable advantages in terms of stability, robustness, and accuracy, thereby substantially enhancing the overall performance of the pressure control system. • The state space equation for the pressure of the pintle solid rocket motors is derived. • The pressure dynamics equation and the motor inertial load equation are combined. • An adaptive robust controller with respect to pressure is designed. • The controller response laws for various free volumes, pressure index and characteristic velocity are obtained. • The adaptive robust controller exhibits a higher dependence on model accuracy is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper describes two new Chinese species of maricolan planarians through an integrated approach, including morphological, histological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. One new species forms the third species of the genus Pacifides and represents the first record of this genus from the Western Pacific. Further we document a third, new species of the genus Paucumara that is fully restricted to freshwater habitats, as it occurs on the shores of the Jialing River in Chongqing municipality far into the interior of China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses enabled us to determine, for the first time, the position of the genus Pacifides in the phylogenetic tree of the marine triclads. We also provide information on the feeding and reproduction of the new species of Pacifides. The paper concludes with two speculative scenarios on the evolutionary history that may have led to the present-day far inland occurrence and freshwater ecology of the new species of Paucumara; one scenario involves tectonic uplift-driven speciation and niche evolution, while the other invokes passive upstream dispersal via the Yangtze River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel Es-GC×GC-TOFMS approach to separate chiral volatiles in tea was established. • Volatile enantiomers in Wuyi rock teas from four cultivars were firstly quantitated. • Limits of quantitation of linalool oxides A−B in teas were as low as 0.2 pg/mL. • R -α-Ionone, S -(E)-nerolidol etc. were the potential markers to distinguish cultivar. • 7 Volatile enantiomers were identified as aroma-active compounds in Wuyi rock teas. Chiral volatiles play important roles in the formation of aroma quality of foods. To date, enantiomeric characteristics of chiral volatiles in Wuyi rock tea (WRT) and their aroma contributions are still unclear. In this study, an efficient enantioselective comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Es-GC × GC-TOFMS) approach to separate and precisely quantitate 24 pairs of chiral volatiles in WRTs was established, and the enantiomeric distribution and aroma contribution of chiral volatiles among WRTs from four representative cultivars were investigated. Enantiomeric ratio (ER) of R -α-ionone (80%) in Dahongpao (DHP), ER of S -α-terpineol (57%) in Jinfo (JF), ERs of R -γ-heptanolactone (69%), S -γ-nonanolactone (55%), (2 R , 5 S)-theaspirane B (91%), concentration of S -(E)-nerolidol (313.37 ng/mL) in Rougui (RG) and concentration of R -α-ionone (33.01 ng/mL) in Shuixian (SX) were unique from other types of WRTs, which were considered as the potential chemical markers to distinguish WRT cultivars. The OAV assessment determined 7 volatile enantiomers as the aroma-active compounds, especially R -α-ionone and R -δ-octanolactone in SX, as well as S -(E)-nerolidol and (1 R , 2 R)-methyl jasmonate in RG contribute much to aroma formation of the corresponding WRTs. The above results provide scientific references for discrimination of tea cultivars and directed improvement of the aroma quality of WRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]