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In stereo-matching knowledge distillation methods of the self-supervised monocular depth estimation, the stereo-matching network's knowledge is distilled into a monocular depth network through pseudo-depth maps. In these methods, the learning-based stereo-confidence network is generally utilized to identify errors in the pseudo-depth maps to prevent transferring the errors. However, the learning-based stereo-confidence networks should be trained with ground truth (GT), which is not feasible in a self-supervised setting. In this paper, we propose a method to identify and filter errors in the pseudo-depth map using multiple disparity maps by checking their consistency without the need for GT and a training process. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the previous methods and works well on various configurations by filtering out erroneous areas where the stereo-matching is vulnerable, especially such as textureless regions, occlusion boundaries, and reflective surfaces., Comment: ICASSP 2024. The first two authors are equally contributed

We propose a novel stereo-confidence that can be measured externally to various stereo-matching networks, offering an alternative input modality choice of the cost volume for learning-based approaches, especially in safety-critical systems. Grounded in the foundational concepts of disparity definition and the disparity plane sweep, the proposed stereo-confidence method is built upon the idea that any shift in a stereo-image pair should be updated in a corresponding amount shift in the disparity map. Based on this idea, the proposed stereo-confidence method can be summarized in three folds. 1) Using the disparity plane sweep, multiple disparity maps can be obtained and treated as a 3-D volume (predicted disparity volume), like the cost volume is constructed. 2) One of these disparity maps serves as an anchor, allowing us to define a desirable (or ideal) disparity profile at every spatial point. 3) By comparing the desirable and predicted disparity profiles, we can quantify the level of matching ambiguity between left and right images for confidence measurement. Extensive experimental results using various stereo-matching networks and datasets demonstrate that the proposed stereo-confidence method not only shows competitive performance on its own but also consistent performance improvements when it is used as an input modality for learning-based stereo-confidence methods., Comment: AAAI 2024. The first two authors contributed equally

Anomaly detection is a critical and challenging task that aims to identify data points deviating from normal patterns and distributions within a dataset. Various methods have been proposed using a one-class-one-model approach, but these techniques often face practical problems such as memory inefficiency and the requirement of sufficient data for training. In particular, few-shot anomaly detection presents significant challenges in industrial applications, where limited samples are available before mass production. In this paper, we propose a few-shot anomaly detection method that integrates adversarial training loss to obtain more robust and generalized feature representations. We utilize the adversarial loss previously employed in domain adaptation to align feature distributions between source and target domains, to enhance feature robustness and generalization in few-shot anomaly detection tasks. We hypothesize that adversarial loss is effective when applied to features that should have similar characteristics, such as those from the same layer in a Siamese network's parallel branches or input-output pairs of reconstruction-based methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method generally achieves better performance when utilizing the adversarial loss., Comment: BMVC 2023

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. While colonoscopy is an effective screening technique, navigating an endoscope through the colon to detect polyps is challenging. A 3D map of the observed surfaces could enhance the identification of unscreened colon tissue and serve as a training platform. However, reconstructing the colon from video footage remains difficult. Learning-based approaches hold promise as robust alternatives, but necessitate extensive datasets. Establishing a benchmark dataset, the 2022 EndoVis sub-challenge SimCol3D aimed to facilitate data-driven depth and pose prediction during colonoscopy. The challenge was hosted as part of MICCAI 2022 in Singapore. Six teams from around the world and representatives from academia and industry participated in the three sub-challenges: synthetic depth prediction, synthetic pose prediction, and real pose prediction. This paper describes the challenge, the submitted methods, and their results. We show that depth prediction from synthetic colonoscopy images is robustly solvable, while pose estimation remains an open research question.

The formation mechanics of 1.7 turn of superhelix of DNA strands from sequence dependent nonlinear energetics including bend twist coupling is the quintessential step of DNA packaging that is remained elusive. In this paper, the geometrical modeling of each base pair in the curved DNA strand addresses the sequence dependent deformation energy during a superhelix formation around a simplified core structure. The quantization of the energy involved in the bend-twist coupling deformation in base pair wise unit characterizes the accessible path for a superhelix deformation. Coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulation validates the description of the curvature formation process which overcomes its persistence length and the mechanics involved in 1.7 turn of superhelix curvature.

Depth estimation is an important task in various robotics systems and applications. In mobile robotics systems, monocular depth estimation is desirable since a single RGB camera can be deployable at a low cost and compact size. Due to its significant and growing needs, many lightweight monocular depth estimation networks have been proposed for mobile robotics systems. While most lightweight monocular depth estimation methods have been developed using convolution neural networks, the Transformer has been gradually utilized in monocular depth estimation recently. However, massive parameters and large computational costs in the Transformer disturb the deployment to embedded devices. In this paper, we present a Token-Sharing Transformer (TST), an architecture using the Transformer for monocular depth estimation, optimized especially in embedded devices. The proposed TST utilizes global token sharing, which enables the model to obtain an accurate depth prediction with high throughput in embedded devices. Experimental results show that TST outperforms the existing lightweight monocular depth estimation methods. On the NYU Depth v2 dataset, TST can deliver depth maps up to 63.4 FPS in NVIDIA Jetson nano and 142.6 FPS in NVIDIA Jetson TX2, with lower errors than the existing methods. Furthermore, TST achieves real-time depth estimation of high-resolution images on Jetson TX2 with competitive results., Comment: ICRA 2023

Recent studies show strong generative performance in domain translation especially by using transfer learning techniques on the unconditional generator. However, the control between different domain features using a single model is still challenging. Existing methods often require additional models, which is computationally demanding and leads to unsatisfactory visual quality. In addition, they have restricted control steps, which prevents a smooth transition. In this paper, we propose a new approach for high-quality domain translation with better controllability. The key idea is to preserve source features within a disentangled subspace of a target feature space. This allows our method to smoothly control the degree to which it preserves source features while generating images from an entirely new domain using only a single model. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed method can produce more consistent and realistic images than previous works and maintain precise controllability over different levels of transformation. The code is available at https://github.com/LeeDongYeun/FixNoise., Comment: Accepted by CVPR 2023. The code is available at https://github.com/LeeDongYeun/FixNoise. Extended from arXiv:2204.14079 (AICC workshop at CVPR 2022)

Light field (LF) camera captures rich information from a scene. Using the information, the LF de-occlusion (LF-DeOcc) task aims to reconstruct the occlusion-free center view image. Existing LF-DeOcc studies mainly focus on the sparsely sampled (sparse) LF images where most of the occluded regions are visible in other views due to the large disparity. In this paper, we expand LF-DeOcc in more challenging datasets, densely sampled (dense) LF images, which are taken by a micro-lens-based portable LF camera. Due to the small disparity ranges of dense LF images, most of the background regions are invisible in any view. To apply LF-DeOcc in both LF datasets, we propose a framework, ISTY, which is defined and divided into three roles: (1) extract LF features, (2) define the occlusion, and (3) inpaint occluded regions. By dividing the framework into three specialized components according to the roles, the development and analysis can be easier. Furthermore, an explainable intermediate representation, an occlusion mask, can be obtained in the proposed framework. The occlusion mask is useful for comprehensive analysis of the model and other applications by manipulating the mask. In experiments, qualitative and quantitative results show that the proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art LF-DeOcc methods in both sparse and dense LF datasets., Comment: WACV 2023

Transfer learning of StyleGAN has recently shown great potential to solve diverse tasks, especially in domain translation. Previous methods utilized a source model by swapping or freezing weights during transfer learning, however, they have limitations on visual quality and controlling source features. In other words, they require additional models that are computationally demanding and have restricted control steps that prevent a smooth transition. In this paper, we propose a new approach to overcome these limitations. Instead of swapping or freezing, we introduce a simple feature matching loss to improve generation quality. In addition, to control the degree of source features, we train a target model with the proposed strategy, FixNoise, to preserve the source features only in a disentangled subspace of a target feature space. Owing to the disentangled feature space, our method can smoothly control the degree of the source features in a single model. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can generate more consistent and realistic images than previous works., Comment: Full CVPR 2023 paper is available at arXiv:2303.11545. Best paper of CVPRW AICC 2022 (CVPR 2022 Workshop on AI for Content Creation). The code is available at https://github.com/LeeDongYeun/FixNoise

Super-resolution suffers from an innate ill-posed problem that a single low-resolution (LR) image can be from multiple high-resolution (HR) images. Recent studies on the flow-based algorithm solve this ill-posedness by learning the super-resolution space and predicting diverse HR outputs. Unfortunately, the diversity of the super-resolution outputs is still unsatisfactory, and the outputs from the flow-based model usually suffer from undesired artifacts which causes low-quality outputs. In this paper, we propose FS-NCSR which produces diverse and high-quality super-resolution outputs using frequency separation and noise conditioning compared to the existing flow-based approaches. As the sharpness and high-quality detail of the image rely on its high-frequency information, FS-NCSR only estimates the high-frequency information of the high-resolution outputs without redundant low-frequency components. Through this, FS-NCSR significantly improves the diversity score without significant image quality degradation compared to the NCSR, the winner of the previous NTIRE 2021 challenge., Comment: CVPRW 2022, First three authors are equally contributed