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High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely used and effective biological treatment for depression. Although previous studies have shown that astrocyte function may be modified by rTMS, the specific neurobiological mechanisms underlying its antidepressant action are not clear. Substantial evidence has accumulated indicating that neurotrophin dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis play a role in the development of depression. To evaluate this hypothesis, we applied a chronical unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) protocol to induce depression-like behaviors in rats, followed by the delivery of 10-Hz rTMS for 3 weeks. Behavioral outcome measures consisted of a sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test. Histological analysis focused on apoptosis, expression of GFAP and FGF2, and FGF2 pathway-related proteins. The results showed that after rTMS treatment, the rats' sucrose preference increased, open field performance improved while the immobility time of forced swimming decreased. The behavioral changes seen in rTMS treated rats were accompanied by marked reductions in the number of TUNEL-positive neural cells and the level of expression of BAX and by an increase in Bcl2. Furthermore, the expression of GFAP and FGF2 was increased, along with activation of FGF2 downstream pathway. These results suggest that rTMS treatment can improve depression-like behavior, attenuate neural apoptosis, and reverse reduction of astrocytes in a rat model of depression. We hypothesize that the therapeutic action of rTMS in CUMS-induced rats is linked to the activation of the FGF2/FGFR1/p-ERK signaling pathway.

To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in Hohhot, a large city on the northern border of China, and to identify independent risk factors for depression and anxiety in these patients.Patients receiving MHD for3 months were enrolled in the four largest hemodialysis centers between September 2020 and December 2020. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Zung self-rated depression scale (SDS) and Zung self-rated anxiety scale (SAS), respectively, with demographic and other data collected for logistic regression analyses.Among 305 MHD patients included in this study, the prevalence of depression was 55.1%, including 27.5%, 21.0%, and 6.6% with mild, moderate and severe cases, respectively. The prevalence of anxiety was 25.9%, with 20.0%, 4.6%, and 1.3% having mild, moderate, and severe cases, respectively. An independent protective factor for depression was family income of ≥1415 US dollars/month relative to157 US dollars/month (odds ratio [OR] 0.209, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.065-0.673), and predictors of depression included ≥3 comorbidities (OR 18.527, 95% CI 1.674-205.028) and severe pruritus (OR 15.971, 95% CI 5.173-49.315). Independent predictors of anxiety included infrequent exercise (OR 3.289, 95% CI 1.411-7.664) and severe pruritus (OR 5.912, 95% CI 1.733-20.168). The correlation between depression and anxiety in these patients was significant (MHD patients in Northern China had high prevalence rates of depression (55.1%) and anxiety (25.9%). Lower family income, more comorbidities, and a higher degree of pruritus were predictors of depression, while infrequent exercise and severe pruritus were predictors of anxiety. Depression correlated significantly with anxiety. Attention should be given to family income, comorbidity, exercise, and pruritus severity for improved management of depression and anxiety among MHD patients.

Traditional observational studies have suggested a potential association between trans fatty acids (TFAs), which are considered to be health-damaging fatty acids, and COVID-19. However, whether there is a causal relationship between them is currently unclear. We aimed to investigate the causal link between genetically determined TFAs and COVID-19. We performed univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) studies using summary statistics from the European Pedigree TFAs (n= 8013), COVID-19 susceptibility (n= 159840), COVID-19 hospitalization (n= 44986), and COVID-19 severity (n= 18152) genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary MR analysis, and several other methods were used as supplements. In univariate MR analysis, higher levels of circulating trans, cis-18:2 TFAs were positively associated with a higher COVID-19 hospitalization rate (P0.0033; OR=1.637; 95% CI: 1.116-2.401) and COVID-19 severity (P0.0033; OR=2.575; 95% CI: 1.412-4.698). Furthermore, in multivariate MR analysis, trans, cis-18:2 had an independent and significant causal association with a higher COVID-19 hospitalization rate (P=0.00044; OR=1.862; 95% CI= 1.316-2.636) and COVID-19 severity (P=0.0016; OR=2.268; 95% CI=1.361-3.779) after the five TFAs were adjusted for each other. Together, our findings provide evidence that trans, cis-18:2 TFAs have an independent and robust causal effect on COVID-19 hospitalization and severity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Ecosystem services are the bridge between ecosystem functions and human welfare. Climate regulation service (CRS) has an extremely important role in ecosystem services. It is important to conduct a comprehensive assessment based on the whole process of CRS occurrence for scientific assessment of ecosystem services. With Fuzhou City as a case, we carried out the assessment of CRS at the local and municipal scales, and analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of CRS at the administrative unit and land use and land cover scales. The results showed that the aggregated physical capacity of CRS in Fuzhou City was 4.01×10生态系统服务是衔接生态系统功能和人类福利的桥梁,气候调节服务在生态系统服务中占有极其重要的地位。对气候调节服务发生的全过程进行评估,对科学开展生态系统服务评估具有重要意义。本研究以福州市为案例,开展地市尺度气候调节服务评估,分析气候调节服务在行政单元、地类尺度上的时空变化特征。结果表明: 2015、2018年,福州市气候调节服务总实物量分别为4.01×10

Exploring the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of carbon source and carbon sink under different disposal methods of crop straw is of great significance for optimizing the utilization policy of crop straw resources in China and realizing the goal of maximizing carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization. Based on data from National Statistical Yearbook, we examined the changing trends of both the amount and value of carbon emission, carbon emission reduction, carbon sink enhancement under different crop straw disposal methods in 31 provinces of Chinese mainland. The results showed that the mean annual carbon emissions of straw burning in China from 2008 to 2019 were 8.74 million tons of CO探明农作物秸秆在不同处置方式下的碳源汇时空变化特征,对优化我国秸秆资源利用政策、实现碳减排最大化、实现碳中和目标具有重要意义。本研究以国家统计年鉴数据为基础,对我国31个省农作物秸秆不同处置下的碳排放、碳减排、碳增汇及其价值量的变化趋势进行研究。结果表明: 2008—2019年间,我国秸秆焚烧年均碳排放量为874万t CO

The gross economic-ecological product (GEEP) accounting is crucial to promote the construction of ecological civilization, and practice the ideas of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets". GEEP accounting had been conducted at national and provincial scales, but not at urban scale. According to the economic and ecological development, the GEEP accounting framework was built in Fuzhou City. The GEEP value of Fuzhou City in 2015 and 2018 was calculated and the spatiotemporal variation was analyzed. The results showed that the GEEP value of Fuzhou City was 1208.568 billion yuan in 2015. Among which, the value of GDP and ecological regulation, and the cost of environmental degradation and ecological damage were 577.742, 636.420, 3.095 and 2.500 billion yuan, respectively. Minqing County had the highest GEEP, with a value of 170.022 billion yuan, which accounted for 14.1% of that in Fuzhou City. The lowered values were found in Fuqing City, Minhou County and Yongtai County, accounting for 12.2%, 12.1% and 10.4%, respectively. In 2018, the GEEP of Fuzhou City increased to 1445.399 billion yuan, with an increase rate of 19.6%, mainly due to the GDP increase (up by 47.4% from 2015). The highest proportions of GEEP were observed in Minqing County and Gulou District (12.0%), followed by Fuqing and Minhou counties (11.0%). Compared with 2015, the increase trends were observed for the total value of GEEP, unit area and per capita of GEEP values in Fuzhou City. The cost of environmental and ecological degradation in Fuzhou decreased by 7.2% and 12.4%, respectively, indicating that the overall ecological environment of Fuzhou was improving. The accounting of GEEP in Fuzhou could effectively make up for the shortage of GDP assessment at the urban scale in China. It could provide an instrument for Fuzhou government to formulate rational ecological civilization assessment system and promote regional sustainable development.经济生态生产总值(GEEP)核算是推进生态文明建设、践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理论的重要实践。目前已有研究开展了全国和省级尺度的GEEP核算,但关于城市尺度的GEEP核算尚鲜见。本研究根据福州市经济和生态发展情况,构建了适于福州市的GEEP核算框架体系,对2015和2018年福州市GEEP进行核算,探讨了福州市GEEP时空变化特征。结果表明: 2015年,福州市GEEP为12085.68亿元,其中,国民生产总值(GDP)为5777.42亿元,生态调节价值为6364.20亿元,环境退化成本和生态破坏成本分别为30.95和25.00亿元;其中,闽清县GEEP值最大,为1700.22亿元,占全市GEEP的14.1%,其次为福清市、闽侯县和永泰县,占比分别为12.2%、12.1%和10.4%。2018年,福州市GEEP有所增加,达14453.99亿元,较2015年上升19.6%,主要源于GDP的增长(较2015年增长了47.4%),闽清县和鼓楼区GEEP占比较大(12.0%),其次为福清市和闽侯县(11.0%)。与2015年相比,2018年福州市GEEP、单位面积和人均GEEP均有所升高,环境退化和生态破坏成本有所下降(降幅分别为7.2%和12.4%),表明福州市生态环境整体向好。本研究对福州市GEEP的核算可有效弥补目前我国唯GDP论考核的不足,同时也可为福州市政府合理制定生态文明考核体系建设、促进区域可持续发展奠定科学基础。.

Ecological degradation accounting is a critical content of building green GDP and gross economic-ecological product (GEEP) accounting systems. With ecosystems in Fuzhou City as a research object, we built an accounting framework for the cost of ecological degradation according to the unreasonable human activity. Following the accounting framework, we calculated the ecological degradation cost in Fuzhou City of 2015 and 2018. The results showed that the ecological degradation cost in Fuzhou City of 2015 was 9.08 billion yuan, accounting for 1.6% of local GDP. For different ecosystem types, marine ecological degradation cost was the largest, about 6.311 billion yuan, accounting for 69.5% of the total loss, followed by wetland ecosystem, accounting for 28.7%, and then arable land, contributing only 1.8%. In term of functions, the cost of provisioning degradation was the largest, about 6.313 billion yuan, accounting for 69.5% of the total loss, followed by regulation loss, accounting for 27.5%, mainly from the loss of climate regulation and hydrological regulation. In the regional distribution, the ecological degradation cost was mainly concentrated in Lianjiang County, Luoyuan County, Fuqing City, and Minqing County, up to 8.092 billion yuan in total, accounting for 89.7% of total loss. Compared with 2015, the ecological degradation cost in 2018 decreased by 2.608 billion yuan, showing an obvious downward trend, with a decrease rate of 28.7%. The reductions were major in Lianjiang County (86.4%), Luoyuan County (14.8%), Fuqing City (19.9%), and Minqing County (12.6%), and mainly concentrated in marine and wetland ecosystems. Such a result indicated that people's awareness of ecological protection in Fuzhou City was increasing, and that the ecological damage due to human activity in marine and wetland system was obviously decreased. This study provided data support for promoting regional sustainable development and ecological civilization construction.生态系统破坏损失核算是构建绿色国民经济和经济生态生产总值核算体系的关键内容。本研究以福州市生态系统为研究对象,根据其人类不合理利用生态情况,构建了符合福州市的生态系统破坏损失核算框架体系,对2015和2018年福州市生态系统破坏损失进行核算。结果表明: 福州市2015年生态破坏损失成本为90.81亿元,占GDP比重的1.6%。在系统类型上,海洋的生态破坏损失最大,为63.11亿元,占总生态破坏损失的69.5%,其次为湿地生态系统,占比28.7%,农田生态破坏损失最小,占比仅为1.8%;在功能组成上,产品供给功能损失最大,为63.13亿元,占总生态破坏损失的69.5%,其次为调节功能损失,占比27.5%,主要源于水流动调节功能和气候调节功能损失;在区域分布上,生态破坏损失成本主要集中在罗源县、连江县、福清市和闽清县,累计高达80.92亿元,占总生态破坏损失的89.7%。与2015年相比,2018年福州市生态系统破坏损失成本减少26.08亿元,呈明显降低趋势,降幅达28.7%,主要源于连江县、罗源县、福清市和闽清县生态破坏损失成本的降低,降幅分别为86.4%、14.8%、19.9%和12.6%,主要源于海洋和湿地生态系统类型人为破坏率的降低,表明福州市人民生态保护意识不断增强,海洋与湿地系统人为生态破坏现象明显好转。本研究对生态系统生态破坏损失的定价为促进区域可持续发展和生态文明建设提供了数据支撑。.

The determination of regional ecological compensation quota and spatial selection are key issues in the study of horizontal transfer payment ecological compensation mechanism. Taking 12 districts of Fuzhou City as the basic research unit, we accounted the ecological function values of forest, grassland, wetland, agriculture, and marine ecosystems in 2015 and 2018. Combined with local economic development situation, we constructed an ecological compensation model. With this model, we determined the ecological compensation quota and spatial distribution of different ecosystems in various districts and counties of Fuzhou. The results showed that from 2015 to 2018, Gulou District had the largest ecological payment, with 36.384 billion yuan, followed by Mawei, Cangshan and Jin'an districts, with 7.809, 6.974 and 6.669 billion yuan, respectively. Luoyuan County and Taijiang District had lower payment, which were 2.942 and 1.903 billion yuan respectively. Among the areas requiring ecological compensation, Lianjiang County and Changle District had high compensation quotas, being 25.120 and 20.261 billion yuan, followed by Yongtai County (12.570 billion yuan). The compensation amounts in Minhou County, Fuqing City and Minqing County were less than 10 billion yuan. The distribution of ecological compensation differed across various ecosystems. In general, the main ecological compensation areas of forest, grassland, wetland and agriculture ecosystem were in Yongtai, Minqing, Minhou, Lianjiang and Luoyuan counties. The compensation amounts were 2.424-31.379 billion yuan in forest, 1.181-20.708 billion yuan in grassland, 1.015-45.493 billion yuan in wetland, and 5.780-23.954 billion yuan in cropland. The main regions that need compensation for marine ecosystem were Lianjiang County, Changle District, and Fuqing City, with the amount of compensation being 8.216-47.854 billion yuan. The results could properly reflect the coordinated development of regional ecological and economic conditions, which could provide a reference for the improvement of the ecological compensation mechanism in Fuzhou City.区域生态补偿额度的确定和空间选择是横向转移支付生态补偿机制研究的关键问题。本研究以福州市12区县为基本研究单元,通过核算2015和2018年福州市各区县森林、草地、湿地、农田和海洋五大生态系统的生态功能价值,结合当地经济发展状况,构建生态补偿模型,确定了福州市各区县不同生态系统的生态补偿额度及空间分布。结果表明: 2015—2018年间,生态支付额度最大的地区为鼓楼区(363.84亿元),其次为马尾区、仓山区和晋安区,分别为78.09、69.74和66.69亿元,罗源县和台江区的支付额度较小,分别为29.42和19.03亿元。需要生态补偿的区域中,连江县和长乐区的补偿额度较高,分别为251.20和202.61亿元,其次为永泰县(125.70亿元),再次为闽侯县、福清市和闽清县,补偿额度在100亿元以下。不同生态系统类型的生态补偿区域分布不同,其中,永泰县、闽清县、闽侯县、连江县和罗源县是森林、草地、湿地和农田生态系统的主要生态补偿区,森林、草地、湿地和农田的补偿额分别在24.24～313.79、11.81～207.08、10.15～454.93和57.80～239.54亿元;海洋生态系统的补偿区主要在连江县、长乐区和福清市,补偿额在82.16～478.54亿元。该结果较好地反映区域生态与经济协调发展状况,可为福州市生态补偿机制的完善提供参考。.