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39 results on '"Lavail, A."'

1. CRIRES+ and ESPRESSO reveal an atmosphere enriched in volatiles relative to refractories on the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b

Author

Pelletier, Stefan, Benneke, Björn, Chachan, Yayaati, Bazinet, Luc, Allart, Romain, Hoeijmakers, H. Jens, Lavail, Alexis, Prinoth, Bibiana, Coulombe, Louis-Philippe, Lothringer, Joshua D., Parmentier, Vivien, Smith, Peter, Borsato, Nicholas, and Thorsbro, Brian

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

One of the outstanding goals of the planetary science community is to measure the present-day atmospheric composition of planets and link this back to formation. As giant planets are formed by accreting gas, ices, and rocks, constraining the relative amounts of these components is critical to understand their formation and evolution. For most known planets, including the Solar System giants, this is difficult as they reside in a temperature regime where only volatile elements (e.g., C, O) can be measured, while refractories (e.g., Fe, Ni) are condensed to deep layers of the atmosphere where they cannot be remotely probed. With temperatures allowing for even rock-forming elements to be in the gas phase, ultra-hot Jupiter atmospheres provide a unique opportunity to simultaneously probe the volatile and refractory content of giant planets. Here we directly measure and obtain bounded constraints on the abundances of volatile C and O as well as refractory Fe and Ni on the ultra-hot giant exoplanet WASP-121b. We find that ice-forming elements are comparatively enriched relative to rock-forming elements, potentially indicating that WASP-121b formed in a volatile-rich environment much farther away from the star than where it is currently located. The simultaneous constraint of ice and rock elements in the atmosphere of WASP-121b provides insights into the composition of giant planets otherwise unattainable from Solar System observations., Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal

Published
2024

2. The variability of Betelgeuse explained by surface convection

Author

Pilate, Quentin, Ariste, Arturo López, Lavail, Alexis, and Mathias, Philippe

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. Betelgeuse is a red supergiant (RSG) that is known to vary semi-regularly on both short and long timescales. The origin of the short period of Betelgeuse has often been associated to radial pulsations but could also be due to the convection motions present at the surface of RSGs. Aims. We investigate the link between surface activity and the variability of the star. Methods. Linear polarization in Betelgeuse is a proxy of convection which is unrelated to pulsations. Using 10 years of spectropolarimetric data of Betelgeuse, we seek for periodicities in the least-squares deconvolution profiles of Stokes I, Q, U and the total linear polarization using Lomb-Scargle periodograms. Results. We find similar periods in linear polarization signals than in photometric variability. The 400 d period is too close to a peak of the window function of our data. But the two periods of 330 d and 200 d are present in the periodogram of Stokes Q and U, showing that the variability of Betelgeuse can be interpreted as due to surface convection. Conclusions. Since linear polarization in the spectrum of Betelgeuse is not known to vary with pulsations, but is linked to surface convection, and since similar periods are found in time series of photometric measurements and spectropolarimetry, we conclude that the photometric variability is due to the surface convective structures, and not to any pulsation phenomenon., Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2024

3. A multi-kiloGauss magnetic field driving the magnetospheric accretion process in EX Lupi

Author

Pouilly, Kim, Audard, Marc, Lavail, Alexis, and Kóspál, Ágnes

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

EX Lupi is the prototype of EX Lup-type stars, meaning classical T Tauri stars (cTTSs) showing luminosity bursts and outbursts of 1 to 5 magnitudes lasting for a few months to a few years. These events are ascribed to an episodic accretion that can occur repeatedly but whose physical mechanism is still debated. In this work, we aim to investigate the magnetically-driven accretion of EX Lup in quiescence, including for the first time a study of the small and large-scale magnetic field. This allows us to provide a complete characterisation of the magnetospheric accretion process of the system. We use spectropolarimetric times series acquired in 2016 and 2019 with the Echelle SpectroPolarimetric Device for the Observation of Stars and in 2019 with the SpectroPolarim\`etre InfraRouge at the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope, during a quiescence phase of EX Lup. We were thus able to perform a variability analysis of the radial velocity, the emission lines and surface averaged longitudinal magnetic field along different epochs and wavelength domains. We also provide a small-scale magnetic field analysis using Zeeman intensification of photospheric lines and large-scale magnetic topology reconstruction using Zeeman-Doppler Imaging. Our study reveals a typical magnetospheric accretion ongoing on EX Lup, with a main accretion funnel flow connecting the inner disc to the star in a stable fashion and producing an accretion shock on the stellar surface close to the pole of the magnetic dipole component. We also measure one of the strongest fields ever observed on cTTSs. Such a strong field indicates that the disc is truncated by the magnetic field close but beyond the corotation radius, where the angular velocity of the disc equals the angular velocity of the star. Such a configuration is suitable for a magnetically-induced disc instability yielding episodic accretion onto the star., Comment: 18 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2024
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4. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT: science goals, project overview and future developments

Author

Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Gómez, J. D. Alvarado, Alves, C. S., Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Antoniucci, S., Artigau, E., Bailet, C., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Berio, P., Biazzo, K., Bigot, L., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boebion, O., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bolton, J. S., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Bonhomme, L., Borsa, F., Bouret, J. -C., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabona, L., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Cantalloube, F., Martins, B. L. Canto, Carbonaro, L., Caujolle, Y., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A. -L., Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cirasuolo, M., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Parro, V. Cunha, Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., Dadi, K., Leão, I. de Castro, De Cia, A., De Medeiros, J. R., Debras, F., Debus, M., Delorme, A., Demangeon, O., Derie, F., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Di Stefano, S., Dionies, F., de Souza, A. Domiciano, Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Egner, S., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Ferruzzi, D., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Frank, B. S., Fuesslein, C., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Goncalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., Hernández, J. I. González, Gouvret, C., Temich, F. Gracia, Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Hughes, I., Huke, P., Ivanisenko, Y., Järvinen, A. S., Järvinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Kern, J., Knoche, J., Kordt, A., Korhonen, H., Korn, A. J., Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A. A., Lavail, A., Lavie, B., Lee, D., Lehmitz, M., Li, J., Li, W., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Maldonado, J., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, T., Marques, C. M. J., Marques, E. L., Martinez, P., Martins, A., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, J. H. C., Maslowski, P., Mason, C. A., Mason, E., McCracken, R. A., Sousa, M. A. F. Melo e, Mergo, P., Micela, G., Milaković, D., Molliere, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Nardetto, N., Neichel, B., Neri, N., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nisini, B., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Olchewsky, F., Oliva, E., Onel, H., Origlia, L., Ostlin, G., Ouellette, N. N. -Q., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Pasquini, L., Castro, J. Peñate, Pepe, F., Peroux, C., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Perruchot, S., Petit, P., Pfuhl, O., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Piskunov, N., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Porru, M., Puschnig, J., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodriguez-López, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Roth, M., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Saccardi, A., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J. -F., Savio, D., Scaudo, A, Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Simoes, R., Simonnin, A., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Spang, A., Spiga, R., Stempels, E., Stevenson, J. R. Y., Strassmeier, K. G., Mascareño, A. Suárez, Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-Sangines, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tisserand, P., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Veran, J. -P., Vallee, P., Vanni, I., Varas, R., Vega-Moreno, A., Venn, K. A., Verma, A., Vernet, J., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Osorio, M. R. Zapatero, Zechmeister, M., and Zimara, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs ([U]BV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of $\sim$100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 $\mu$m with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 $\mu$m with the addition of a U arm to the BV spectrograph and a separate K band spectrograph. It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR. Modularity and fibre-feeding allow ANDES to be placed partly on the ELT Nasmyth platform and partly in the Coud\'e room. ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases, there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of almost 300 scientists and engineers which include the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field that can be found in ESO member states., Comment: SPIE astronomical telescope and instrumentation 2024, in press

Published
2024

5. Exploring the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b. Constraints on atmospheric chemistry and dynamics from a joint retrieval of VLT/CRIRES$^+$ and space photometric data

Author

Cont, D., Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Lesjak, F., Czesla, S., Lavail, A., Reiners, A., Piskunov, N., Hatzes, A., Boldt-Christmas, L., Kochukhov, O., Marquart, T., Nagel, E., Rains, A. D., Rengel, M., Seemann, U., and Shulyak, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Despite recent progress in the spectroscopic characterization of individual exoplanets, the atmospheres of key ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) still lack comprehensive investigations. These include WASP-178b, one of the most irradiated UHJs known to date. We observed the dayside emission signal of this planet with CRIRES$^+$ in the spectral K-band. By applying the cross-correlation technique and a Bayesian retrieval framework to the high-resolution spectra, we identified the emission signature of $^{12}$CO (S/N = 8.9) and H$_2$O (S/N = 4.9), and a strong atmospheric thermal inversion. A joint retrieval with space-based secondary eclipse measurements from TESS and CHEOPS allows us to refine our results on the thermal profile and thus to constrain the atmospheric chemistry, yielding a solar to super-solar metallicity (1.4$\pm$1.6 dex) and a solar C/O ratio (0.6$\pm$0.2). We infer a significant excess of spectral line broadening and identify a slight Doppler-shift between the $^{12}$CO and H$_2$O signals. These findings provide strong evidence for a super-rotating atmospheric flow pattern and suggest the possible existence of chemical inhomogeneities across the planetary dayside hemisphere. In addition, the inclusion of photometric data in our retrieval allows us to account for stellar light reflected by the planetary atmosphere, resulting in an upper limit on the geometric albedo (0.23). The successful characterization of WASP-178b's atmosphere through a joint analysis of CRIRES$^+$, TESS, and CHEOPS observations highlights the potential of combined studies with space- and ground-based instruments and represents a promising avenue for advancing our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2024

6. Spectropolarimetric characterisation of exoplanet host stars in preparation of the Ariel mission. Magnetic environment of HD 63433

Author

Bellotti, S., Evensberget, D., Vidotto, A. A., Lavail, A., Lueftinger, T., Hussain, G. A. J., Morin, J., Petit, P., Saikia, S. Boro, Danielski, C., and Micela, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The accurate characterisation of the stellar magnetism of planetary host stars has been gaining momentum, especially in the context of transmission spectroscopy investigations of exoplanets. Indeed, the magnetic field regulates the amount of energetic radiation and stellar wind impinging on planets, as well as the presence of inhomogeneities on the stellar surface that hinder the precise extraction of the planetary atmospheric absorption signal. We initiated a spectropolarimetric campaign to unveil the magnetic field properties of known exoplanet hosting stars included in the current list of potential Ariel targets. In this work, we focus on HD 63433, a young solar-like star hosting two sub-Neptunes and an Earth-sized planet. These exoplanets orbit within 0.15 au from the host star and have likely experienced different atmospheric evolutionary paths. We analysed optical spectropolarimetric data collected with ESPaDOnS, HARPSpol, and Neo-Narval to compute the magnetic activity indices (log R'_HK , H$\alpha$, and Ca ii infrared triplet), measure the longitudinal magnetic field, and reconstruct the large-scale magnetic topology via Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI). The magnetic field map was then employed to simulate the space environment in which the exoplanets orbit. The reconstructed stellar magnetic field has an average strength of 24 G and it features a complex topology with a dominant toroidal component, in agreement with other stars of a similar spectral type and age. Our simulations of the stellar environment locate 10% of the innermost planetary orbit inside the Alfv\'en surface and, thus, brief magnetic connections between the planet and the star can occur. The outer planets are outside the Alfv\'en surface and a bow shock between the stellar wind and the planetary magnetosphere could potentially form., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures and 4 tables. Accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2024

7. A conclusive non-detection of magnetic field in the Am star o Peg with high-precision near-infrared spectroscopy

Author

Kochukhov, O., Amarsi, A. M., Lavail, A., Ruh, H. L., Hahlin, A., Hatzes, A., Nagel, E., Piskunov, N., Pouilly, K., Reiners, A., Rengel, M., Seemann, U., and Shulyak, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The A-type metallic-line (Am) stars are typically considered to be non-magnetic or possessing very weak sub-G magnetic fields. This view has been repeatedly challenged in the literature, most commonly for the bright hot Am star o Peg. Several studies claimed to detect 1-2 kG field of unknown topology in this object, possibly indicating a new process of magnetic field generation in intermediate-mass stars. In this study, we revisit the evidence of a strong magnetic field in o Peg using new high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations and advanced spectral fitting techniques. The mean magnetic field strength in o Peg is estimated from the high-precision CRIRES+ measurement of near-infrared sulphur lines. This observation is modelled with a polarised radiative transfer code, including treatment of the departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium. In addition, the least-squares deconvolution multi-line technique is employed to derive longitudinal field measurements from archival optical spectropolarimetric observations of this star. Our analysis of the near-infrared S I lines reveals no evidence of Zeeman broadening, ruling out magnetic field with a strength exceeding 260 G. This null result is compatible with the relative intensification of Fe II lines in the optical spectrum taking into account blending and uncertain atomic parameters of the relevant diagnostic transitions. Longitudinal field measurements at three different nights also yield null results with a precision of 2 G. This study refutes the claims of kG-strength dipolar or tangled magnetic field in o Peg. This star is effectively non-magnetic, with the surface magnetic field characteristics no different from those of other Am stars., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2024
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8. CRIRES$^+$ transmission spectroscopy of WASP-127b. Detection of the resolved signatures of a supersonic equatorial jet and cool poles in a hot planet

Author

Nortmann, L., Lesjak, F., Yan, F., Cont, D., Czesla, S., Lavail, A., Rains, A. D., Nagel, E., Boldt-Christmas, L., Hatzes, A., Reiners, A., Piskunov, N., Kochukhov, O., Heiter, U., Shulyak, D., Rengel, M., and Seemann, U.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

General circulation models of gas giant exoplanets predict equatorial jets that drive inhomogeneities across the planetary atmosphere. We studied the transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-127b during one transit in the K band with CRIRES+. Telluric and stellar signals were removed from the data using SYSREM and the planetary signal was investigated using the cross-correlation (CCF) technique. After detecting a spectral signal indicative of atmospheric inhomogeneities, we employed a Bayesian retrieval framework with a 2D modelling approach tailored to address this scenario. We detected strong signals of H$_2$O and CO, which exhibited not one but two distinct CCF peaks. The double peaked signal can be explained by a supersonic equatorial jet and muted signals at the poles, with the two peaks representing the signals from the planet's morning and evening terminators, respectively. We calculated an equatorial jet velocity of $7.7\pm0.2$km/s from our retrieved overall equatorial velocity and the planet's tidally locked rotation, and derive distinct atmospheric properties for the two terminators as well as the polar region. The evening terminator is found to be hotter than the morning terminator by $175^{+116}_{-133}$K and the muted signals from the poles can be explained by significantly lower temperatures or a high cloud deck. Our retrieval yields a solar C/O ratio and metallicity and challenges previous studies of WASP-127b's atmosphere. The presence of a double peaked signal highlights the importance of accounting for planetary 3D structure during interpretation of atmospheric signals. The measured supersonic jet velocity and the lack of signal from the polar regions, representing a detection of latitudinal inhomogeneity in a spatially unresolved target, showcases the power of high-resolution transmission spectroscopy for the characterization of global circulation in exoplanets., Comment: 18 pages 13 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)

Published
2024

9. Retrieval of the dayside atmosphere of WASP-43b with CRIRES+

Author

Lesjak, F., Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Cont, D., Reiners, A., Piskunov, N., Hatzes, A., Boldt-Christmas, L., Czesla, S., Heiter, U., Kochukhov, O., Lavail, A., Nagel, E., Rains, A. D., Rengel, M., Rodler, F., Seemann, U., and Shulyak, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Accurately estimating the C/O ratio of hot Jupiter atmospheres is a promising pathway towards understanding planet formation and migration, as well as the formation of clouds and the overall atmospheric composition. The atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-43b has been extensively analysed using low-resolution observations with HST and Spitzer, but these previous observations did not cover the K band, which hosts prominent spectral features of major carbon-bearing species such as CO and CH$_{4}$. As a result, the ability to establish precise constraints on the C/O ratio was limited. Moreover, the planet has not been studied at high spectral resolution, which can provide insights into the atmospheric dynamics. In this study, we present the first high-resolution dayside spectra of WASP-43b with the new CRIRES$^+$ spectrograph. By observing the planet in the K band, we successfully detected the presence of CO and provide evidence for the existence of H$_2$O using the cross-correlation method. This discovery represents the first direct detection of CO in the atmosphere of WASP-43b. Furthermore, we retrieved the temperature-pressure profile, abundances of CO and H$_2$O, and a super-solar C/O ratio of 0.78 by applying a Bayesian retrieval framework to the data. Our findings also shed light on the atmospheric characteristics of WASP-43b. We found no evidence for a cloud deck on the dayside, and recovered a line broadening indicative of an equatorial super-rotation corresponding to a jet with a wind speed of $\sim$ 5 km s$^{-1}$, matching the results of previous forward models and low-resolution atmospheric retrievals for this planet., Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures

Published
2023
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10. Monitoring the large-scale magnetic field of AD~Leo with SPIRou, ESPaDOnS and Narval. Toward a magnetic polarity reversal?

Author

Bellotti, S., Morin, J., Lehmann, L. T., Folsom, C. P., Hussain, G. A. J., Petit, P., Donati, J. F., Lavail, A., Carmona, A., Martioli, E., Zaire, B. Romano, Alecian, E., Moutou, C., Fouque, P., Alencar, S., Artigau, E., Boisse, I., Bouchy, F., Cadieux, C., Cloutier, R., Cook, N., Delfosse, X., Doyon, R., Hebrard, G., Kochukhov, O., and Wade, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

One manifestation of dynamo action on the Sun is the 22-yr magnetic cycle, exhibiting a polarity reversal and a periodic conversion between poloidal and toroidal fields. For M dwarfs, several authors claim evidence of activity cycles from photometry and analyses of spectroscopic indices, but no clear polarity reversal has been identified from spectropolarimetric observations. Our aim is to monitor the evolution of the large-scale field of AD Leo, which has shown hints of a secular evolution from past dedicated spectropolarimetric campaigns. We analysed near-infrared spectropolarimetric observations of the active M dwarf AD Leo taken with SPIRou between 2019 and 2020 and archival optical data collected with ESPaDOnS and Narval between 2006 and 2019. We searched for long-term variability in the longitudinal field, the width of unpolarised Stokes profiles, the unsigned magnetic flux derived from Zeeman broadening, and the geometry of the large-scale magnetic field using both Zeeman-Doppler Imaging and Principal Component Analysis. We found evidence of a long-term evolution of the magnetic field, featuring a decrease in axisymmetry (from 99% to 60%). This is accompanied by a weakening of the longitudinal field (-300 to -50 G) and a correlated increase in the unsigned magnetic flux (2.8 to 3.6 kG). Likewise, the width of the mean profile computed with selected near-infrared lines manifests a long-term evolution corresponding to field strength changes over the full time series, but does not exhibit modulation with the stellar rotation of AD Leo in individual epochs. The large-scale magnetic field of AD Leo manifested first hints of a polarity reversal in late 2020 in the form of a substantially increased dipole obliquity, while the topology remained predominantly poloidal and dipolar. This suggests that low-mass M dwarfs with a dipole-dominated magnetic field can undergo magnetic cycles., Comment: 26 pages, 18 figures, 8 tables

Published
2023
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11. Determination of small-scale magnetic fields on Sun-like stars in the near-infrared using CRIRES$^+$

Author

Hahlin, A., Kochukhov, O., Rains, A. D., Lavail, A., Hatzes, A., Piskunov, N., Reiners, A., Seemann, U., Boldt-Christmas, L., Guenther, E. W., Heiter, U., Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Shulyak, D., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, T., and Stempels, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We aim to characterise the small-scale magnetic fields for a sample of 16 Sun-like stars and investigate the capabilities of the newly upgraded near-infrared (NIR) instrument CRIRES$^+$ at the VLT in the context of small-scale magnetic field studies. Our targets also had their magnetic fields studied in the optical, which allows us to compare magnetic field properties at different spatial scales on the stellar surface and to contrast small-scale magnetic field measurements at different wavelengths. We analyse the Zeeman broadening signature for six magnetically sensitive and insensitive \ion{Fe}{I} lines in the H-band to measure small-scale magnetic fields on the stellar surface. We use polarised radiative transfer modelling and NLTE departure coefficients in combination with MCMC to determine magnetic field characteristics together with non-magnetic stellar parameters. We use two different approaches to describe small-scale magnetic fields. The first is a two-component model with a single magnetic region and a free magnetic field strength. The second model contains multiple magnetic components with fixed magnetic field strengths. We find average magnetic field strengths ranging from $\sim 0.4$ kG down to $<0.1$ kG. The results align closely with other results from high resolution NIR spectrographs such as SPIRou. We find that the small-scale fields correlate with the large-scale fields and that the small-scale fields are at least 10 times stronger than the large-scale fields inferred with Zeeman Doppler imaging. The two- and multi-component models produce systematically different results as the strong fields from the multi-component model increase the obtained mean magnetic field strength. When comparing our results with the optical measurements of small-scale fields we find a systematic offset of 2--3 times stronger fields in the optical., Comment: 28 pages, 23 figures, accepted by A&A

Published
2023
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12. CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b

Author

Yan, F., Nortmann, L., Reiners, A., Piskunov, N., Hatzes, A., Seemann, U., Shulyak, D., Lavail, A., Rains, A. D., Cont, D., Rengel, M., Lesjak, F., Nagel, E., Kochukhov, O., Czesla, S., Boldt-Christmas, L., Heiter, U., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, T., and Stempels, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The dayside atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are predicted to possess temperature inversion layers with extremely high temperatures at high altitudes. We observed the dayside thermal emission spectra of WASP-18b and WASP-76b with the new CRIRES+ high-resolution spectrograph at near-infrared wavelengths. Using the cross-correlation technique, we detected strong CO emission lines in both planets, which confirms the existence of temperature inversions on their dayside hemispheres. The two planets are the first UHJs orbiting F-type stars with CO emission lines detected; previous detections were mostly for UHJs orbiting A-type stars. Evidence of weak H2O emission signals is also found for both planets. We further applied forward-model retrievals on the detected CO lines and retrieved the temperature-pressure profiles along with the CO volume mixing ratios. The retrieved logarithmic CO mixing ratio of WASP-18b (-2.2) is slightly higher than the value predicted by the self-consistent model assuming solar abundance. For WASP-76b, the retrieved CO mixing ratio (-3.6) is broadly consistent with the value of solar abundance. In addition, we included the equatorial rotation velocity (Veq ) in the retrieval when analyzing the line profile broadening. The obtained Veq is 7.0 km/s for WASP-18b and 5.2 km/s for WASP-76b, which are consistent with the tidally locked rotational velocities., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures; accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2023
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13. CRIRES$^{+}$ on sky at the ESO Very Large Telescope

Author

Dorn, R. J., Bristow, P., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Lavail, A., Accardo, M., Ancker, M. van den, Baade, D., Baruffolo, A., Courtney-Barrer, B., Blanco, L., Brucalassi, A., Cumani, C., Follert, R., Haimerl, A., Hatzes, A., Haug, M., Heiter, U., Hinterschuster, R., Hubin, N., Ives, D. J., Jung, Y., Jones, M., Kirchbauer, J-P., Klein, B., Kochukhov, O., Korhonen, H. H., Köhler, J., Lizon, J-L., Moins, C., Molina-Conde, I., Marquart, T., Neeser, M., Oliva, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Paufique, J., Piskunov, N., Reiners, A., Schneller, D., Schmutzer, R., Seemann, U., Slumstrup, D., Smette, A., Stegmeier, J., Stempels, E., Tordo, S., Valenti, E., Valenzuela, J. J., Vernet, J., Vinther, J., and Wehrhahn, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES) Upgrade project CRIRES$^{+}$ extended the capabilities of CRIRES. It transformed this VLT instrument into a cross-dispersed spectrograph to increase the wavelength range that is covered simultaneously by up to a factor of ten. In addition, a new detector focal plane array of three Hawaii 2RG detectors with a 5.3 $\mu$m cutoff wavelength replaced the existing detectors. Amongst many other improvements, a new spectropolarimetric unit was added and the calibration system has been enhanced. The instrument was installed at the VLT on Unit Telescope 3 at the beginning of 2020 and successfully commissioned and verified for science operations during 2021, partly remotely from Europe due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The instrument was subsequently offered to the community from October 2021 onwards. This article describes the performance and capabilities of the upgraded instrument and presents on sky results., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2023
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15. Multi-kilogauss magnetic field driving the magnetospheric accretion process in EX Lupi.

Author

Pouilly, K., Audard, M., Kóspál, Á., and Lavail, A.

Abstract

Context. EX Lupi is the prototype of EX Lup-type stars, which are classical T Tauri stars (cTTSs) with luminosity bursts and outbursts of 1–5 magnitudes that last for a few months to a few years. These events are ascribed to an episodic accretion that can occur repeatedly, but whose physical mechanism is still debated. Aims. We aim to investigate the magnetically driven accretion of EX Lup in quiescence. We include for the first time a study of the small- and large-scale magnetic field. This allows us to characterise the magnetospheric accretion process of the system completely. Methods. We used spectropolarimetric times series acquired in 2016 and 2019 with the Echelle SpectroPolarimetric Device for the Observation of Stars and in 2019 with the SpectroPolarimètre InfraRouge at the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope during a quiescence phase of EX Lup. We were thus able to perform a variability analysis of the radial velocity, the emission lines, and the surface-averaged longitudinal magnetic field in different epochs and wavelength domains. We also provide a small-scale magnetic field analysis using Zeeman intensification of photospheric lines and a large-scale magnetic topology reconstruction using Zeeman-Doppler imaging. Results. Our study reveals that typical magnetospheric accretion is ongoing on EX Lup. A main accretion funnel flow connects the inner disc to the star in a stable fashion and produces an accretion shock on the stellar surface close to the pole of the magnetic dipole component. We also measure one of the strongest fields ever observed on cTTSs. This strong field indicates that the disc is truncated by the magnetic field close to but beyond the corotation radius, where the angular velocity of the disc equals the angular velocity of the star. This configuration is suitable for a magnetically induced disc instability that yields episodic accretion onto the star. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. AI and Communications Analytics: A Match Made in Heaven

Author

LaVail, Kate

Subjects
Advertising, marketing and public relations
Abstract

[Editor's Note: PRNEWS' Digital Learning Series resumes on August 14 with our final seminar, which covers the latest PR trends in measurement and data. In the column below, event panelist [...]

Published
2024

17. Exploring the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b

Author

Cont, D., Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Lesjak, F., Czesla, S., Lavail, A., Reiners, A., Piskunov, Nikolai, Hatzes, A., Boldt-Christmas, Linn, Kochukhov, Oleg, Marquart, Thomas, Nagel, E., Rains, Adam, Rengel, M., Seemann, U., Shulyak, D., Cont, D., Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Lesjak, F., Czesla, S., Lavail, A., Reiners, A., Piskunov, Nikolai, Hatzes, A., Boldt-Christmas, Linn, Kochukhov, Oleg, Marquart, Thomas, Nagel, E., Rains, Adam, Rengel, M., Seemann, U., and Shulyak, D.

Abstract

Despite recent progress in the spectroscopic characterization of individual exoplanets, the atmospheres of key ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) still lack comprehensive investigations. These include WASP-178b, one of the most irradiated UHJs known to date. We observed the dayside emission signal of this planet with CRIRES+ in the spectral K band. By applying the cross-correlation technique and a Bayesian retrieval framework to the high-resolution spectra, we identified the emission signature of 12CO (S/N = 8.9) and H2O (S/N = 4.9), and a strong atmospheric thermal inversion. A joint retrieval with space-based secondary eclipse measurements from TESS and CHEOPS allowed us to refine our results on the thermal profile and thus to constrain the atmospheric chemistry, yielding a solar to super-solar metallicity (1.4 ± 1.6 dex) and a solar C/O ratio (0.6 ± 0.2). We infer a significant excess of spectral line broadening and identify a slight Doppler-shift between the 12CO and H2O signals. These findings provide strong evidence for a super-rotating atmospheric flow pattern and suggest the possible existence of chemical inhomogeneities across the planetary dayside hemisphere. In addition, the inclusion of photometric data in our retrieval allows us to account for stellar light reflected by the planetary atmosphere, resulting in an upper limit on the geometric albedo (0.23). The successful characterization of WASP-178b’s atmosphere through a joint analysis of CRIRES+, TESS, and CHEOPS observations highlights the potential of combined studies with space- and ground-based instruments and represents a promising avenue for advancing our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres.

Published
2024
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18. Research, analytics and intelligence in issues and crises.

Author

LaVail, Kate, DiRusso, Carlina, and Voges, Taylor

Subjects
*CORPORATE image, *CRISES, *REPUTATION, *STRATEGIC communication
Abstract

Today, corporate crises inherently pose a threat to brand reputation. Multiple stakeholders, online influence and the interconnectedness of reputation with major social issues raise the stakes for crisis teams. The level of complexity has perhaps never been so great, and with it, the need for data‐driven decision‐making. In practice, research, analytics, and intelligence experts are full members of corporate risk and crisis teams from planning, to response, to evaluation. These professionals develop the insights to fuel smart, timely decision‐making by surfacing insights to ameliorate crises. Additionally, they are responsible for measuring and evaluating progress and performance improving the brand's readiness for future issues. Insights, intelligence and performance measures drive conclusions necessary to determine what, if any, brand damage has occurred, how to fix it, and how to prepare better for the next time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Retrieval of the dayside atmosphere of WASP-43b with CRIRES+

Author

Lesjak, F., primary, Nortmann, L., additional, Yan, F., additional, Cont, D., additional, Reiners, A., additional, Piskunov, N., additional, Hatzes, A., additional, Boldt-Christmas, L., additional, Czesla, S., additional, Heiter, U., additional, Kochukhov, O., additional, Lavail, A., additional, Nagel, E., additional, Rains, A. D., additional, Rengel, M., additional, Rodler, F., additional, Seemann, U., additional, and Shulyak, D., additional

Published
2023
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20. Monitoring the large-scale magnetic field of AD Leo with SPIRou, ESPaDOnS, and Narval

Author

Bellotti, S., primary, Morin, J., additional, Lehmann, L. T., additional, Folsom, C. P., additional, Hussain, G. A. J., additional, Petit, P., additional, Donati, J.-F., additional, Lavail, A., additional, Carmona, A., additional, Martioli, E., additional, Romano Zaire, B., additional, Alecian, E., additional, Moutou, C., additional, Fouqué, P., additional, Alencar, S., additional, Artigau, E., additional, Boisse, I., additional, Bouchy, F., additional, Cadieux, C., additional, Cloutier, R., additional, Cook, N. J., additional, Delfosse, X., additional, Doyon, R., additional, Hébrard, G., additional, Kochukhov, O., additional, and Wade, G. A., additional

Published
2023
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21. Determination of small-scale magnetic fields on Sun-like stars in the near-infrared using CRIRES+

Author

Hahlin, A., primary, Kochukhov, O., additional, Rains, A.D., additional, Lavail, A., additional, Hatzes, A., additional, Piskunov, N., additional, Reiners, A., additional, Seemann, U., additional, Boldt-Christmas, L., additional, Guenther, E. W., additional, Heiter, U., additional, Nortmann, L., additional, Yan, F., additional, Shulyak, D., additional, Smoker, J. V., additional, Rodler, F., additional, Bristow, P., additional, Dorn, R. J., additional, Jung, Y., additional, Marquart, T., additional, and al, et, additional

Published
2023
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22. CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b

Author

Yan, F., primary, Nortmann, L., additional, Reiners, A., additional, Piskunov, N., additional, Hatzes, A., additional, Seemann, U., additional, Shulyak, D., additional, Lavail, A., additional, Rains, A. D., additional, Cont, D., additional, Rengel, M., additional, Lesjak, F., additional, Nagel, E., additional, Kochukhov, O., additional, Czesla, S., additional, Boldt-Christmas, L., additional, Heiter, U., additional, Smoker, J. V., additional, Rodler, F., additional, Bristow, P., additional, Dorn, R. J., additional, Jung, Y., additional, Marquart, T., additional, and Stempels, E., additional

Published
2023
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23. CRIRES+ on sky at the ESO Very Large Telescope

Author

Dorn, R. J., primary, Bristow, P., additional, Smoker, J. V., additional, Rodler, F., additional, Lavail, A., additional, Accardo, M., additional, van den Ancker, M., additional, Baade, D., additional, Baruffolo, A., additional, Courtney-Barrer, B., additional, Blanco, L., additional, Brucalassi, A., additional, Cumani, C., additional, Follert, R., additional, Haimerl, A., additional, Hatzes, A., additional, Haug, M., additional, Heiter, U., additional, Hinterschuster, R., additional, Hubin, N., additional, Ives, D. J., additional, Jung, Y., additional, Jones, M., additional, Kaeufl, H.-U., additional, Kirchbauer, J.-P., additional, Klein, B., additional, Kochukhov, O., additional, Korhonen, H. H., additional, Köhler, J., additional, Lizon, J-L., additional, Moins, C., additional, Molina-Conde, I., additional, Marquart, T., additional, Neeser, M., additional, Oliva, E., additional, Pallanca, L., additional, Pasquini, L., additional, Paufique, J., additional, Piskunov, N., additional, Reiners, A., additional, Schneller, D., additional, Schmutzer, R., additional, Seemann, U., additional, Slumstrup, D., additional, Smette, A., additional, Stegmeier, J., additional, Stempels, E., additional, Tordo, S., additional, Valenti, E., additional, Valenzuela, J. J., additional, Vernet, J., additional, Vinther, J., additional, and Wehrhahn, A., additional

Published
2023
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24. Monitoring the large-scale magnetic field of AD Leo with SPIRou, ESPaDOnS, and Narval : Towards a magnetic polarity reversal?

Author

Bellotti, S., Morin, J., Lehmann, L. T., Folsom, C. P., Hussain, G. A. J., Petit, P., Donati, J.-F., Lavail, Alexis, Carmona, A., Martioli, E., Romano Zaire, B., Alecian, E., Moutou, C., Fouqué, P., Alencar, S., Artigau, E., Boisse, I., Bouchy, F., Cadieux, C., Cloutier, R., Cook, N. J., Delfosse, X., Doyon, R., Hébrard, G., Kochukhov, Oleg, Wade, G. A., Bellotti, S., Morin, J., Lehmann, L. T., Folsom, C. P., Hussain, G. A. J., Petit, P., Donati, J.-F., Lavail, Alexis, Carmona, A., Martioli, E., Romano Zaire, B., Alecian, E., Moutou, C., Fouqué, P., Alencar, S., Artigau, E., Boisse, I., Bouchy, F., Cadieux, C., Cloutier, R., Cook, N. J., Delfosse, X., Doyon, R., Hébrard, G., Kochukhov, Oleg, and Wade, G. A.

Abstract

Context: One clear manifestation of dynamo action on the Sun is the 22-yr magnetic cycle, exhibiting a polarity reversal and a periodic conversion between poloidal and toroidal fields. For M dwarfs, several authors claim evidence of activity cycles from photometry and analyses of spectroscopic indices, but no clear polarity reversal has been identified from spectropolarimetric observations. These stars are excellent laboratories to investigate dynamo-powered magnetic fields under different stellar interior conditions, that is partly or fully convective. Aims: Our aim is to monitor the evolution of the large-scale field of AD Leo, which has shown hints of a secular evolution from past dedicated spectropolarimetric campaigns. This is of central interest to inform distinct dynamo theories, contextualise the evolution of the solar magnetic field, and explain the variety of magnetic field geometries observed in the past. Methods: We analysed near-infrared spectropolarimetric observations of the active M dwarf AD Leo taken with SPIRou between 2019 and 2020 and archival optical data collected with ESPaDOnS and Narval between 2006 and 2019. We searched for long-term variability in the longitudinal field, the width of unpolarised Stokes profiles, the unsigned magnetic flux derived from Zeeman broadening, and the geometry of the large-scale magnetic field using both Zeeman-Doppler imaging and principal component analysis. Results: We found evidence of a long-term evolution of the magnetic field, featuring a decrease in axisymmetry (from 99% to 60%). This is accompanied by a weakening of the longitudinal field (-300 to -50 G) and a correlated increase in the unsigned magnetic flux (2.8-3.6 kG). Likewise, the width of the mean profile computed with selected near-infrared lines manifests a long-term evolution corresponding to field strength changes over the full time series, but does not exhibit modulation with the stellar rotation of AD Leo in individual epochs. Conclusions: Th

Published
2023
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25. Determination of small-scale magnetic fields on Sun-like stars in the near-infrared using CRIRES+

Author

Hahlin, Axel, Kochukhov, Oleg, Rains, Adam, Lavail, Alexis, Hatzes, A., Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, A., Seemann, U., Boldt-Christmas, Linn, Guenther, E. W., Heiter, Ulrike, Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Shulyak, D., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, Thomas, Stempels, H. C., Hahlin, Axel, Kochukhov, Oleg, Rains, Adam, Lavail, Alexis, Hatzes, A., Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, A., Seemann, U., Boldt-Christmas, Linn, Guenther, E. W., Heiter, Ulrike, Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Shulyak, D., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, Thomas, and Stempels, H. C.

Abstract

Aims: We aim to characterise the small-scale magnetic fields of a sample of 16 Sun-like stars and investigate the capabilities of the newly upgraded near-infrared (NIR) instrument CRIRES+ at the Very Large Telescope in the context of small-scale magnetic field studies. Our targets also had their magnetic fields studied with optical spectra, which allowed us to compare magnetic field properties at different spatial scales on the stellar surface and to contrast small-scale magnetic field measurements at different wavelengths. Methods: We analysed the Zeeman broadening signature for six magnetically sensitive and insensitive Fe I lines in the H-band to measure small-scale magnetic fields on the stellar surfaces of our sample. We used polarised radiative transfer modelling and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium departure coefficients in combination with Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to determine magnetic field characteristics and non-magnetic stellar parameters. We used two different approaches to describe the small-scale magnetic fields. The first is a two-component model with a single magnetic region and a free magnetic field strength. The second model contains multiple magnetic components with fixed magnetic field strengths. Results: We found average magnetic field strengths ranging from & SIM;0.4 kG down to < 0.1 kG. The results align closely with other results from high-resolution NIR spectrographs, such as SPIRou. It appears that the typical magnetic field strength in the magnetic region is slightly stronger than 1.3 kG, and for most stars in our sample, this strength is between 1 and 2 kG. We also found that the small-scale fields correlate with the large-scale fields and that the small-scale fields are at least ten times stronger than the large-scale fields inferred with Zeeman Doppler imaging. The two- and multi-component models produce systematically different results, as the strong fields from the multi-component model increase the obtained mean m

Published
2023
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26. CRIRES+ on sky at the ESO Very Large Telescope : Observing the Universe at infrared wavelengths and high spectral resolution

Author

Dorn, R. J., Bristow, P., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Lavail, Alexis, Accardo, M., van den Ancker, M., Baade, D., Baruffolo, A., Courtney-Barrer, B., Blanco, L., Brucalassi, A., Cumani, C., Follert, R., Haimerl, A., Hatzes, A., Haug, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, R., Hubin, N., Ives, D. J., Jung, Y., Jones, M., Kaeufl, H. -u., Kirchbauer, J. -p., Klein, B., Kochukhov, Oleg, Korhonen, H. H., Koehler, J., Lizon, J-l., Moins, C., Molina-Conde, I., Marquart, Thomas, Neeser, M., Oliva, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Paufique, J., Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, A., Schneller, D., Schmutzer, R., Seemann, U., Slumstrup, D., Smette, A., Stegmeier, J., Stempels, Eric, Tordo, S., Valenti, E., Valenzuela, J. J., Vernet, J., Vinther, J., Wehrhahn, Ansgar, Dorn, R. J., Bristow, P., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Lavail, Alexis, Accardo, M., van den Ancker, M., Baade, D., Baruffolo, A., Courtney-Barrer, B., Blanco, L., Brucalassi, A., Cumani, C., Follert, R., Haimerl, A., Hatzes, A., Haug, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, R., Hubin, N., Ives, D. J., Jung, Y., Jones, M., Kaeufl, H. -u., Kirchbauer, J. -p., Klein, B., Kochukhov, Oleg, Korhonen, H. H., Koehler, J., Lizon, J-l., Moins, C., Molina-Conde, I., Marquart, Thomas, Neeser, M., Oliva, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Paufique, J., Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, A., Schneller, D., Schmutzer, R., Seemann, U., Slumstrup, D., Smette, A., Stegmeier, J., Stempels, Eric, Tordo, S., Valenti, E., Valenzuela, J. J., Vernet, J., Vinther, J., and Wehrhahn, Ansgar

Abstract

The CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES) Upgrade project CRIRES+ extended the capabilities of CRIRES. It transformed this VLT instrument into a cross-dispersed spectrograph to increase the wavelength range that is covered simultaneously by up to a factor of ten. In addition, a new detector focal plane array of three Hawaii 2RG detectors with a 5.3 mu m cutoff wavelength replaced the existing detectors. Amongst many other improvements, a new spectropolarimetric unit was added and the calibration system has been enhanced. The instrument was installed at the VLT on Unit Telescope 3 at the beginning of 2020 and successfully commissioned and verified for science operations during 2021, partly remotely from Europe due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The instrument was subsequently offered to the community from October 2021 onwards. This article describes the performance and capabilities of the upgraded instrument and presents on sky results.

Published
2023
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27. Determination of small-scale magnetic fields on Sun-like stars in the near-infrared using CRIRES

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Swedish Research Council, Hahlin, A., Kochukhov, O., Rains, A. D., Lavail, A., Hatzes, Artie P., Piskunov, N., Reiners, Ansgar, Seemann, U., Boldt-Christmas, L., Guenther, E. W., Heiter, U., Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Shulyak, D., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, T., Stempels, E., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Swedish Research Council, Hahlin, A., Kochukhov, O., Rains, A. D., Lavail, A., Hatzes, Artie P., Piskunov, N., Reiners, Ansgar, Seemann, U., Boldt-Christmas, L., Guenther, E. W., Heiter, U., Nortmann, L., Yan, F., Shulyak, D., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, T., and Stempels, E.

Abstract

Aims. We aim to characterise the small-scale magnetic fields of a sample of 16 Sun-like stars and investigate the capabilities of the newly upgraded near-infrared (NIR) instrument CRIRES+ at the Very Large Telescope in the context of small-scale magnetic field studies. Our targets also had their magnetic fields studied with optical spectra, which allowed us to compare magnetic field properties at different spatial scales on the stellar surface and to contrast small-scale magnetic field measurements at different wavelengths. Methods. We analysed the Zeeman broadening signature for six magnetically sensitive and insensitive Fe I lines in the H-band to measure small-scale magnetic fields on the stellar surfaces of our sample. We used polarised radiative transfer modelling and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium departure coefficients in combination with Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to determine magnetic field characteristics and non-magnetic stellar parameters. We used two different approaches to describe the small-scale magnetic fields. The first is a two-component model with a single magnetic region and a free magnetic field strength. The second model contains multiple magnetic components with fixed magnetic field strengths. Results. We found average magnetic field strengths ranging from ∼0.4 kG down to < 0.1 kG. The results align closely with other results from high-resolution NIR spectrographs, such as SPIRou. It appears that the typical magnetic field strength in the magnetic region is slightly stronger than 1.3 kG, and for most stars in our sample, this strength is between 1 and 2 kG. We also found that the small-scale fields correlate with the large-scale fields and that the small-scale fields are at least ten times stronger than the large-scale fields inferred with Zeeman Doppler imaging. The two- and multi-component models produce systematically different results, as the strong fields from the multi-component model increase the obtained mean magnetic fiel

Published
2023

28. CRIRES+ on sky: high spectral resolution at infrared wavelength enabling better science at the ESO VLT

Author

Reinhold J. Dorn, Paul Bristow, Jonathan Smoker, Florian Rodler, Matteo Accardo, Andrea Baruffolo, Claudio Cumani, Andreas Haimerl, Artie Hatzes, Marcus Haug, Ulrike Heiter, Renate Hinterschuster, Norbert Hubin, Derek Ives, Matias Jones, Yves Jung, Jean-Paul Kirchbauer, Barbara Klein, Jana Köhler, Heidi H. Korhonen, Alexis Lavail, Thomas Marquart, Christophe Moins, Ignacio Molina-Conde, Ernesto Oliva, Laurent Pallanca, Luca Pasquini, Jérôme Paufique, Nikolai Piskunov, Ansgar Reiners, Dominik Schneller, Ricardo Schmutzer, Ulf Seemann, Ditte Slumstrup, Alain Smette, Jörg Stegmeier, Eric Stempels, Sébastien Tordo, Elena Valenti, Jose Javier Valenzuela, and Joël Vernet

Published
2022

29. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT: science case, baseline design and path to construction

Author

Marconi, Alessandro, primary, Abreu, M., additional, Adibekyan, V., additional, Alberti, V., additional, Albrecht, S., additional, Alcaniz, J., additional, Aliverti, M., additional, Allende Prieto, C., additional, Alvarado Gómez, J. D., additional, Amado, P. J., additional, Amate, M., additional, Andersen, M. I., additional, Artigau, E., additional, Baker, C., additional, Baldini, V., additional, Balestra, A., additional, Barnes, S. A., additional, Baron, F., additional, Barros, S. C. C., additional, Bauer, S. M., additional, Beaulieu, M., additional, Bellido-Tirado, O., additional, Benneke, B., additional, Bensby, T., additional, Bergin, E. A., additional, Biazzo, K., additional, Bik, A., additional, Birkby, J., additional, Blind, N., additional, Boisse, I., additional, Bolmont, E., additional, Bonaglia, M., additional, Bonfils, X., additional, Borsa, F., additional, Brandeker, A., additional, Brandner, W., additional, Broeg, C. H., additional, Brogi, M., additional, Brousseau, D., additional, Brucalassi, A., additional, Brynnel, J., additional, Buchhave, L. A., additional, Buscher, D. F., additional, Cabral, A., additional, Calderone, G., additional, Calvo-Ortega, R., additional, Canto Martins, B. L., additional, Cantalloube, F., additional, Carbonaro, L., additional, Chauvin, G., additional, Chazelas, B., additional, Cheffot, A.-L., additional, Cheng, Y. S., additional, Chiavassa, A., additional, Christensen, L., additional, Cirami, R., additional, Cook, N. J., additional, Cooke, R. J., additional, Coretti, I., additional, Covino, S., additional, Cowan, N., additional, Cresci, G., additional, Cristiani, S., additional, Cunha Parro, V., additional, Cupani, G., additional, D'Odorico, V., additional, de Castro Leão, I., additional, De Cia, A., additional, De Medeiros, J. R., additional, Debras, F., additional, Debus, M., additional, Demangeon, O., additional, Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., additional, Di Marcantonio, P., additional, Dionies, F., additional, Doyon, R., additional, Dunn, J., additional, Ehrenreich, D., additional, Faria, J. P., additional, Feruglio, C., additional, Fisher, M., additional, Fontana, A., additional, Fumagalli, M., additional, Fusco, T., additional, Fynbo, J., additional, Gabella, O., additional, Gaessler, W., additional, Gallo, E., additional, Gao, X., additional, Genolet, L., additional, Genoni, M., additional, Giacobbe, P., additional, Giro, E., additional, Gonçalves, R. S., additional, Gonzalez, O., additional, González Hernández, J. I., additional, Gracia Témich, F., additional, Haehnelt, M. G., additional, Haniff, C., additional, Hatzes, A., additional, Helled, R., additional, Hoeijmakers, H.J., additional, Huke, P., additional, Järvinen, S., additional, Järvinen, A., additional, Kaminski, A., additional, Korn, A., additional, Kouach, D., additional, Kowzan, Grzegorz, additional, Kreidberg, L., additional, Landoni, M., additional, Lanotte, A., additional, Lavail, A., additional, Li, J., additional, Liske, J., additional, Lovis, C., additional, Lucatello, S., additional, Lunney, D., additional, MacIntosh, M., additional, Madhusudhan, N., additional, Magrini, L., additional, Maiolino, R., additional, Malo, L., additional, Man, A., additional, Marquart, T., additional, Marques, E. L., additional, Martins, A. M., additional, Martins, C. J. A. P., additional, Maslowski, P., additional, Mason, C., additional, Mason, E., additional, McCracken, R. A., additional, Mergo, P., additional, Micela, G., additional, Mitchell, T., additional, Mollière, P., additional, Monteiro, M., additional, Montgomery, D., additional, Mordasini, C., additional, Morin, J., additional, Mucciarelli, A., additional, Murphy, M. T., additional, N'Diaye, M., additional, Neichel, B., additional, Niedzielski, A. T., additional, Niemczura, E., additional, Nortmann, L., additional, Noterdaeme, P., additional, Nunes, N., additional, Oggioni, L., additional, Oliva, E., additional, Önel, H., additional, Origlia, L., additional, Östlin, G., additional, Palle, E., additional, Papaderos, P., additional, Pariani, G., additional, Peñate Castro, J., additional, Pepe, F., additional, Perreault Levasseur, L., additional, Petit, P., additional, Pino, L., additional, Piqueras, J., additional, Pollo, A., additional, Poppenhaeger, K., additional, Quirrenbach, A., additional, Rauscher, E., additional, Rebolo, R., additional, Redaelli, E. M. A., additional, Reffert, S., additional, Reid, D. T., additional, Reiners, A., additional, Richter, P., additional, Riva, M., additional, Rivoire, S., additional, Rodríguez-López, C., additional, Roederer, I. U., additional, Romano, D., additional, Rousseau, Sylvain, additional, Rowe, J., additional, Salvadori, S., additional, Santos, N., additional, Santos Diaz, P., additional, Sanz-Forcada, J., additional, Sarajlic, Mirsad, additional, Sauvage, J.-F., additional, Schäfer, S., additional, Schiavon, R. P., additional, Schmidt, T. M., additional, Selmi, C., additional, Sivanandam, S., additional, Sordet, M., additional, Sordo, R., additional, Sortino, F., additional, Sosnowska, D., additional, Sousa, S. G., additional, Stempels, E., additional, Strassmeier, K. G., additional, Suárez Mascareño, A., additional, Sulich, A., additional, Sun, X., additional, Tanvir, N.R., additional, Tenegi-Sanginés, F., additional, Thibault, S., additional, Thompson, S. J., additional, Tozzi, A., additional, Turbet, M., additional, Vallée, P., additional, Varas, R., additional, Venn, K., additional, Véran, J.-P., additional, Verma, A., additional, Viel, M., additional, Wade, G., additional, Waring, C., additional, Weber, M., additional, Weder, J., additional, Wehbe, B., additional, Weingrill, J., additional, Woche, M., additional, Xompero, M., additional, Zackrisson, E., additional, Zanutta, A., additional, Zapatero Osorio, M. R., additional, Zechmeister, M., additional, and Zimara, J., additional

Published
2022
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30. CRIRES+ on sky: high spectral resolution at infrared wavelength enabling better science at the ESO VLT

Author

Dorn, Reinhold J., primary, Bristow, Paul, additional, Smoker, Jonathan, additional, Rodler, Florian, additional, Accardo, Matteo, additional, Baruffolo, Andrea, additional, Cumani, Claudio, additional, Haimerl, Andreas, additional, Hatzes, Artie, additional, Haug, Marcus, additional, Heiter, Ulrike, additional, Hinterschuster, Renate, additional, Hubin, Norbert, additional, Ives, Derek, additional, Jones, Matias, additional, Jung, Yves, additional, Kirchbauer, Jean-Paul, additional, Klein, Barbara, additional, Köhler, Jana, additional, Korhonen, Heidi H., additional, Lavail, Alexis, additional, Marquart, Thomas, additional, Moins, Christophe, additional, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, additional, Oliva, Ernesto, additional, Pallanca, Laurent, additional, Pasquini, Luca, additional, Paufique, Jérôme, additional, Piskunov, Nikolai, additional, Reiners, Ansgar, additional, Schneller, Dominik, additional, Schmutzer, Ricardo, additional, Seemann, Ulf, additional, Slumstrup, Ditte, additional, Smette, Alain, additional, Stegmeier, Jörg, additional, Stempels, Eric, additional, Tordo, Sébastien, additional, Valenti, Elena, additional, Valenzuela, Jose Javier, additional, and Vernet, Joël, additional

Published
2022
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31. CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b

Author

F. Yan, L. Nortmann, A. Reiners, N. Piskunov, A. Hatzes, U. Seemann, D. Shulyak, A. Lavail, A. D. Rains, D. Cont, M. Rengel, F. Lesjak, E. Nagel, O. Kochukhov, S. Czesla, L. Boldt-Christmas, U. Heiter, J. V. Smoker, F. Rodler, P. Bristow, R. J. Dorn, Y. Jung, T. Marquart, E. Stempels, and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-76b, planets and satellites, FOS: Physical sciences, Techniques: spectroscopic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, spectroscopic, WASP-76b, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Space and Planetary Science, WASP-18b, atmospheres, Planets and satellites: atmospheres, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, individual, Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-18b, techniques, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

This is an Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., The dayside atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are predicted to possess temperature inversion layers with extremely high temperatures at high altitudes. We observed the dayside thermal emission spectra of WASP-18b and WASP-76b with the new CRIRES+ high-resolution spectrograph at near-infrared wavelengths. Using the cross-correlation technique, we detected strong CO emission lines in both planets, which confirms the existence of temperature inversions on their dayside hemispheres. The two planets are the first UHJs orbiting F-type stars with CO emission lines detected; previous detections were mostly for UHJs orbiting A-type stars. Evidence of weak H2O emission signals is also found for both planets. We further applied forward-model retrievals on the detected CO lines and retrieved the temperature-pressure profiles along with the CO volume mixing ratios. The retrieved logarithmic CO mixing ratio of WASP-18b (−2.2−1.5+1.4) is slightly higher than the value predicted by the self-consistent model assuming solar abundance. For WASP-76b, the retrieved CO mixing ratio (−3.6−1.6+1.8) is broadly consistent with the value of solar abundance. In addition, we included the equatorial rotation velocity (υeq) in the retrieval when analyzing the line profile broadening. The obtained υeq is 7.0 ± 2.9 km s−1 for WASP-18b and 5.2−3.0+2.5 km s−1 for WASP-76b, which are consistent with the tidally locked rotational velocities. © The Authors 2023., The project is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany) through Grants 05A11MG3, 05A14MG4, 05A17MG2 and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes 108.22PH.001 and 108.22PH.002. F.Y. acknowledges the support of Frontier Scientific Research Program of Deep Space Exploration Laboratory (2022-QYKYJH-ZYTS-016). D.S. acknowledges the financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709). M.R. acknowledges the support by the DFG priority program SPP 1992 “Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets” (DFG PR 36 24602/41)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).

Published
2023

32. CRIRES+ on sky at the ESO Very Large Telescope

Author

R. J. Dorn, P. Bristow, J. V. Smoker, F. Rodler, A. Lavail, M. Accardo, M. van den Ancker, D. Baade, A. Baruffolo, B. Courtney-Barrer, L. Blanco, A. Brucalassi, C. Cumani, R. Follert, A. Haimerl, A. Hatzes, M. Haug, U. Heiter, R. Hinterschuster, N. Hubin, D. J. Ives, Y. Jung, M. Jones, H.-U. Kaeufl, J.-P. Kirchbauer, B. Klein, O. Kochukhov, H. H. Korhonen, J. Köhler, J-L. Lizon, C. Moins, I. Molina-Conde, T. Marquart, M. Neeser, E. Oliva, L. Pallanca, L. Pasquini, J. Paufique, N. Piskunov, A. Reiners, D. Schneller, R. Schmutzer, U. Seemann, D. Slumstrup, A. Smette, J. Stegmeier, E. Stempels, S. Tordo, E. Valenti, J. J. Valenzuela, J. Vernet, J. Vinther, and A. Wehrhahn

Subjects
instrumentation, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Space and Planetary Science, spectrographs, polarimeters, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, techniques, spectroscopic, radial velocities, adaptive optics
Abstract

The CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES) Upgrade project CRIRES+ extended the capabilities of CRIRES. It transformed this VLT instrument into a cross-dispersed spectrograph to increase the wavelength range that is covered simultaneously by up to a factor of ten. In addition, a new detector focal plane array of three Hawaii 2RG detectors with a 5.3 μm cutoff wavelength replaced the existing detectors. Amongst many other improvements, a new spectropolarimetric unit was added and the calibration system has been enhanced. The instrument was installed at the VLT on Unit Telescope 3 at the beginning of 2020 and successfully commissioned and verified for science operations during 2021, partly remotely from Europe due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The instrument was subsequently offered to the community from October 2021 onwards. This article describes the performance and capabilities of the upgraded instrument and presents on sky results.

Published
2023

33. CRIRES+ on sky : High spectral resolution at infrared wavelength enabling better science at the ESO VLT

Author

Dorn, Reinhold J., Bristow, Paul, Smoker, Jonathan, Rodler, Florian, Accardo, Matteo, Van den Ancker, Mario, Baruffolo, Andrea, Courtney-Barrer, Benjamin, Blanco, Leonardo, Brucalassi, Anna, Cumani, Claudio, Haimerl, Andreas, Hatzes, Artie, Haug, Marcus, Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, Renate, Hubin, Norbert, Ives, Derek J., Jung, Yves, Jones, Matias, Kirchbauer, Jean Paul, Klein, Barbara, Korhonen, Heidi Helena, Koehler, Jana, Lavail, Alexis, Lizon, Jean Louis, Moins, Christophe, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, Marquart, Thomas, Oliva, Ernesto, Pallanca, Laurent, Pasquini, Luca, Paufique, Jerome, Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, Ansgar, Schneller, Dominik, Schmutzer, Ricardo, Seemann, Ulf, Slumstrup, Ditte, Smette, Alain, Stegmeier, Joerg, Stempels, Eric, Tordo, Sebastien, Valenti, Elena, Valenzuela, Jose Javier, Vernet, Joel, Dorn, Reinhold J., Bristow, Paul, Smoker, Jonathan, Rodler, Florian, Accardo, Matteo, Van den Ancker, Mario, Baruffolo, Andrea, Courtney-Barrer, Benjamin, Blanco, Leonardo, Brucalassi, Anna, Cumani, Claudio, Haimerl, Andreas, Hatzes, Artie, Haug, Marcus, Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, Renate, Hubin, Norbert, Ives, Derek J., Jung, Yves, Jones, Matias, Kirchbauer, Jean Paul, Klein, Barbara, Korhonen, Heidi Helena, Koehler, Jana, Lavail, Alexis, Lizon, Jean Louis, Moins, Christophe, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, Marquart, Thomas, Oliva, Ernesto, Pallanca, Laurent, Pasquini, Luca, Paufique, Jerome, Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, Ansgar, Schneller, Dominik, Schmutzer, Ricardo, Seemann, Ulf, Slumstrup, Ditte, Smette, Alain, Stegmeier, Joerg, Stempels, Eric, Tordo, Sebastien, Valenti, Elena, Valenzuela, Jose Javier, and Vernet, Joel

Abstract

CRIRES+ extended the capabilities of CRIRES, the CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph. It transformed this VLT instrument into a cross-dispersed spectrograph to increase the wavelength range that is covered simultaneously by a factor of ten. In addition, a new detector focal plane array of three Hawaii 2RG detectors with a 5.3 mu m cut-off wavelength replaced the existing detectors. Amongst many other improvements a new spectropolarimetric unit was added and the calibration system has been enhanced. The instrument was installed at the VLT on Unit Telescope 3 beginning of 2020 and successfully commissioned and verified for science operations during 2021, partly remote from Europe due to the pandemic. The instrument was subsequently offered to the community from October 2021 onwards. This article describes the performance and capabilities of this development and presents on sky results.

Published
2022
Full Text
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34. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT : science case, baseline design and path to construction

Author

Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Allende Prieto, C., Gomez, J. D. Alvarado, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Cantalloube, F., Canto Martins, B. L., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A. -L, Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Cunha Parro, V., Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., de Castro Leao, I., De Cia, A., De Medeiros, J. R., Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Goncalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I., Gracia Temich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Huke, P., Jaervinen, A. S., Jaervinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Korn, Andreas, Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, Alexis, Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, Thomas, Marques, E. L., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, A. M., Maslowski, P., Mason, E., Mason, C. A., McCracken, R. A., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Molliere, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Onel, H., Origlia, L., Ostlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Penate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodriguez-Lopez, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J. -F, Schaefer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, K. G., Suarez Mascareno, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-Sangines, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallee, P., Varas, R., Venn, K. A., Veran, J. -P, Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, Erik, Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., Zimara, J., Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Allende Prieto, C., Gomez, J. D. Alvarado, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Cantalloube, F., Canto Martins, B. L., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A. -L, Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Cunha Parro, V., Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., de Castro Leao, I., De Cia, A., De Medeiros, J. R., Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Goncalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I., Gracia Temich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Huke, P., Jaervinen, A. S., Jaervinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Korn, Andreas, Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, Alexis, Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, Thomas, Marques, E. L., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, A. M., Maslowski, P., Mason, E., Mason, C. A., McCracken, R. A., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Molliere, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Onel, H., Origlia, L., Ostlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Penate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodriguez-Lopez, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J. -F, Schaefer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Stempels, Eric, Strassmeier, K. G., Suarez Mascareno, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-Sangines, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallee, P., Varas, R., Venn, K. A., Veran, J. -P, Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, Erik, Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., and Zimara, J.

Abstract

The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs (UBV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of similar to 100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 mu m with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 mu m with the addition of a K band spectrograph. It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre-feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR. Its modularity will ensure that ANDES can be placed entirely on the ELT Nasmyth platform, if enough mass and volume is available, or partly in the Coude room. ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers which represent the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field among ESO member states.

Published
2022
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35. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT: science case, baseline design and path to construction

Author

Evans, Christopher J., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Gómez, J. D. Alvarado, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Martins, B. L. Canto, Cantalloube, F., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A.-L., Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Parro, V. Cunha, Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., Leão, I. de Castro, Cia, A. De, Medeiros, J. R. De, Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Marcantonio, P. Di, Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Gonçalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O., Hernández, J. I. González, Témich, F. Gracia, Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H.J., Huke, P., Järvinen, S., Järvinen, A., Kaminski, A., Korn, A., Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, A., Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A., Marquart, T., Marques, E. L., Martins, A. M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maslowski, P., Mason, C., Mason, E., McCracken, R. A., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Mollière, P., Monteiro, M., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Önel, H., Origlia, L., Östlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Castro, J. Peñate, Pepe, F., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodríguez-López, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Santos, N., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J.-F., Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Stempels, E., Strassmeier, K. G., Mascareño, A. Suárez, Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N.R., Tenegi-Sanginés, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallée, P., Varas, R., Venn, K., Véran, J.-P., Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Osorio, M. R. Zapatero, Zechmeister, M., Zimara, J., Evans, Christopher J., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Gómez, J. D. Alvarado, Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Martins, B. L. Canto, Cantalloube, F., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A.-L., Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Parro, V. Cunha, Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., Leão, I. de Castro, Cia, A. De, Medeiros, J. R. De, Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Marcantonio, P. Di, Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Gonçalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O., Hernández, J. I. González, Témich, F. Gracia, Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H.J., Huke, P., Järvinen, S., Järvinen, A., Kaminski, A., Korn, A., Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, A., Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A., Marquart, T., Marques, E. L., Martins, A. M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maslowski, P., Mason, C., Mason, E., McCracken, R. A., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Mollière, P., Monteiro, M., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Önel, H., Origlia, L., Östlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Castro, J. Peñate, Pepe, F., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodríguez-López, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Santos, N., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J.-F., Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Stempels, E., Strassmeier, K. G., Mascareño, A. Suárez, Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N.R., Tenegi-Sanginés, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallée, P., Varas, R., Venn, K., Véran, J.-P., Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Osorio, M. R. Zapatero, Zechmeister, M., and Zimara, J.

Abstract

The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs (UBV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of ∼100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 µm with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 µm with the addition of a K band spectrograph. It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre-feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR. Its modularity will ensure that ANDES can be placed entirely on the ELT Nasmyth platform, if enough mass and volume is available, or partly in the Coudé room. ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature’s fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers which represent the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field among ESO member states.

Published
2022

36. CRIRES+ on sky at the ESO Very Large Telescope: Observing the Universe at infrared wavelengths and high spectral resolution.

Author

Dorn, R. J., Bristow, P., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Lavail, A., Accardo, M., van den Ancker, M., Baade, D., Baruffolo, A., Courtney-Barrer, B., Blanco, L., Brucalassi, A., Cumani, C., Follert, R., Haimerl, A., Hatzes, A., Haug, M., Heiter, U., Hinterschuster, R., and Hubin, N.

Subjects
VERY large telescopes, FOCAL plane arrays sensors, WAVELENGTHS, ADAPTIVE optics, COMMUNITIES
Abstract

The CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES) Upgrade project CRIRES+ extended the capabilities of CRIRES. It transformed this VLT instrument into a cross-dispersed spectrograph to increase the wavelength range that is covered simultaneously by up to a factor of ten. In addition, a new detector focal plane array of three Hawaii 2RG detectors with a 5.3 μm cutoff wavelength replaced the existing detectors. Amongst many other improvements, a new spectropolarimetric unit was added and the calibration system has been enhanced. The instrument was installed at the VLT on Unit Telescope 3 at the beginning of 2020 and successfully commissioned and verified for science operations during 2021, partly remotely from Europe due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The instrument was subsequently offered to the community from October 2021 onwards. This article describes the performance and capabilities of the upgraded instrument and presents on sky results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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37. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT:science case, baseline design and path to construction

Author

Marconi, Alessandro, Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Allende Prieto, C., Alvarado Gómez, J., Amado, P., Amate, M., Andersen, M., Artigau, E., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S., Baron, F., Barros, S., Bauer, S., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E., Biazzo, K., Bik, A., Birkby, J., Blind, N., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Borsa, F., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L., Buscher, D., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Canto Martins, B., Cantalloube, F., Carbonaro, L., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A.-L., Cheng, Y., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cook, N., Cooke, R., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Cunha Parro, V., Cupani, G., d'Odorico, V., de Castro Leão, I., de Cia, A., de Medeiros, J., Debras, F., Debus, M., Demangeon, O., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Dionies, F., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, Thierry, Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Gonçalves, R., Gonzalez, O., González Hernández, J., Gracia Témich, F., Haehnelt, M., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H.J., Huke, P., Järvinen, S., Järvinen, A., Kaminski, A., Korn, A., Kouach, D., Kowzan, Grzegorz, Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A., Lavail, A., Li, J., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., Macintosh, M., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Malo, L., Man, A., Marquart, T., Marques, E., Martins, A., Martins, C., Maslowski, P., Mason, C., Mason, E., Mccracken, R., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Mitchell, T., Mollière, P., Monteiro, M., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M., N'Diaye, M., Neichel, B., Niedzielski, A., Niemczura, E., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N., Oggioni, L., Oliva, E., Önel, H., Origlia, L., Östlin, G., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Peñate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Perreault Levasseur, L., Petit, P., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E., Reffert, S., Reid, D., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodríguez-López, C., Roederer, I., Romano, D., Rousseau, Sylvain, Rowe, J., Salvadori, S., Santos, N., Santos Diaz, P., Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, Mirsad, Sauvage, Jean-François, Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R., Schmidt, T., Selmi, C., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S., Stempels, E., Strassmeier, K., Suárez Mascareño, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N.R., Tenegi-Sanginés, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Vallée, P., Varas, R., Venn, K., Véran, J.-P., Verma, A., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M., Zechmeister, M., Zimara, J., Evans, Christopher J., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DOTA, ONERA [Salon], ONERA, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), European Commission, Swedish Research Council, Australian Research Council, European Research Council, and National Science Foundation (US)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Diffraction limited IFU, fundamental physics, Extremely large telescope, fundamental physic, physics and evolution of galaxies, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], extremely large telescopes, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], physics and evolution of stars, Fibre-fed spcetrograh, Sandage effect, exoplanets, High resolution spectroscopy, infrared spectrographs, stars and planets formation, Variation of physics fundamental constants, ground-based instruments, cosmology, Fundamental physics, Exoplanet atmospheres, Echelle spectrograph, high resolution spectrographs
Abstract

Ground-based and airborne instrumentation for astronomy IX (2022), Montreal, JUL 17-22, 2022.--Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering vol. 12184 Article number 1218424.-- Complete list of authors: Marconi, A.; Abreu, M.; Adibekyan, V.; Alberti, V.; Albrecht, S.; Alcaniz, J.; Aliverti, M.; Allende Prieto, C.; Gomez, J. D. Alvarado; Amado, P. J.; Amate, M.; Andersen, M. I.; Artigau, E.; Baker, C.; Baldini, V.; Balestra, A.; Barnes, S. A.; Baron, F.; Barros, S. C. C.; Bauer, S. M.; Beaulieu, M.; Bellido-Tirado, O.; Benneke, B.; Bensby, T.; Bergin, E. A.; Biazzo, K.; Bik, A.; Birkby, J. L.; Blind, N.; Boisse, I.; Bolmont, E.; Bonaglia, M.; Bonfils, X.; Borsa, F.; Brandeker, A.; Brandner, W.; Broeg, C. H.; Brogi, M.; Brousseau, D.; Brucalassi, A.; Brynnel, J.; Buchhave, L. A.; Buscher, D. F.; Cabral, A.; Calderone, G.; Calvo-Ortega, R.; Cantalloube, F.; Canto Martins, B. L.; Carbonaro, L.; Chauvin, G.; Chazelas, B.; Cheffot, A. -L.; Cheng, Y. S.; Chiavassa, A.; Christensen, L.; Cirami, R.; Cook, N. J.; Cooke, R. J.; Coretti, I.; Covino, S.; Cowan, N.; Cresci, G.; Cristiani, S.; Cunha Parro, V.; Cupani, G.; D'Odorico, V.; de Castro Leao, I.; De Cia, A.; De Medeiros, J. R.; Debras, F.; Debus, M.; Demangeon, O.; Dessauges-Zavadsky, M.; Di Marcantonio, P.; Dionies, F.; Doyon, R.; Dunn, J.; Ehrenreich, D.; Faria, J. P.; Feruglio, C.; Fisher, M.; Fontana, A.; Fumagalli, M.; Fusco, T.; Fynbo, J.; Gabella, O.; Gaessler, W.; Gallo, E.; Gao, X.; Genolet, L.; Genoni, M.; Giacobbe, P.; Giro, E.; Goncalves, R. S.; Gonzalez, O. A.; Gonzalez Hernandez, J. I.; Gracia Temich, F.; Haehnelt, M. G.; Haniff, C.; Hatzes, A.; Helled, R.; Hoeijmakers, H. J.; Huke, P.; Jaervinen, A. S.; Jaervinen, S. P.; Kaminski, A.; Korn, A. J.; Kouach, D.; Kowzan, G.; Kreidberg, L.; Landoni, M.; Lanotte, A.; Lavail, A.; Li, J.; Liske, J.; Lovis, C.; Lucatello, S.; Lunney, D.; MacIntosh, M. J.; Madhusudhan, N.; Magrini, L.; Maiolino, R.; Malo, L.; Man, A. W. S.; Marquart, T.; Marques, E. L.; Martins, C. J. A. P.; Martins, A. M.; Maslowski, P.; Mason, E.; Mason, C. A.; McCracken, R. A.; Mergo, P.; Micela, G.; Mitchell, T.; Molliere, P.; Monteiro, M. A.; Montgomery, D.; Mordasini, C.; Morin, J.; Mucciarelli, A.; Murphy, M. T.; N'Diaye, M.; Neichel, B.; Niedzielski, A. T.; Niemczura, E.; Nortmann, L.; Noterdaeme, P.; Nunes, N. J.; Oggioni, L.; Oliva, E.; Onel, H.; Origlia, L.; Ostlin, G.; Palle, E.; Papaderos, P.; Pariani, G.; Penate Castro, J.; Pepe, F.; Levasseur, L. Perreault; Petit, P.; Pino, L.; Piqueras, J.; Pollo, A.; Poppenhaeger, K.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rauscher, E.; Rebolo, R.; Redaelli, E. M. A.; Reffert, S.; Reid, D. T.; Reiners, A.; Richter, P.; Riva, M.; Rivoire, S.; Rodriguez-Lopez, C.; Roederer, I. U.; Romano, D.; Rousseau, S.; Rowe, J.; Salvadori, S.; Sanna, N.; Santos, N. C.; Diaz, P. Santos; Sanz-Forcada, J.; Sarajlic, M.; Sauvage, J. -F.; Schaefer, S.; Schiavon, R. P.; Schmidt, T. M.; Selmi, C.; Sivanandam, S.; Sordet, M.; Sordo, R.; Sortino, F.; Sosnowska, D.; Sousa, S. G.; Stempels, E.; Strassmeier, K. G.; Suarez Mascareno, A.; Sulich, A.; Sun, X.; Tanvir, N. R.; Tenegi-Sangines, F.; Thibault, S.; Thompson, S. J.; Tozzi, A.; Turbet, M.; Vallee, P.; Varas, R.; Venn, K. A.; Veran, J. -P.; Verma, A.; Viel, M.; Wade, G.; Waring, C.; Weber, M.; Weder, J.; Wehbe, B.; Weingrill, J.; Woche, M.; Xompero, M.; Zackrisson, E.; Zanutta, A.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Zechmeister, M.; Zimara, J., The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs (UBV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of similar to 100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 mu m with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 mu m with the addition of a K band spectrograph. It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre-feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR. Its modularity will ensure that ANDES can be placed entirely on the ELT Nasmyth platform, if enough mass and volume is available, or partly in the Coude room. ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers which represent the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field among ESO member states., The Italian effort for ANDES is supported by the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF). The Portuguese participation is supported by FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 -Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao by these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020 & UIDP/04434/2020; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113 & PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017. Swedish participation in the ANDES project is made possible through the national Swedish ELT Instrumentation Consortium (SELTIC), suppored by the Swedish Research Council (VR). CJM acknowledges FCT and POCH/FSE (EC) support through Investigador FCT Contract 2021.01214.CEECIND/CP1658/CT0001. JLB acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 805445. MTM acknowledges the support of the Australian Research Council through Future Fellowship grant FT180100194 SS acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 804240. TMS acknowledgment the support from the SNF synergia grant CRSII5-193689 (BLUVES), With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709

Published
2022

38. CRIRES+on sky: high spectral resolution at infrared wavelength enabling better science at the ESO VLT

Author

Evans, Christopher J., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Dorn, Reinhold J., Bristow, Paul, Smoker, Jonathan, Rodler, Florian, Accardo, Matteo, Baruffolo, Andrea, Cumani, Claudio, Haimerl, Andreas, Hatzes, Artie, Haug, Marcus, Heiter, Ulrike, Hinterschuster, Renate, Hubin, Norbert, Ives, Derek, Jones, Matias, Jung, Yves, Kirchbauer, Jean-Paul, Klein, Barbara, Köhler, Jana, Korhonen, Heidi H., Lavail, Alexis, Marquart, Thomas, Moins, Christophe, Molina-Conde, Ignacio, Oliva, Ernesto, Pallanca, Laurent, Pasquini, Luca, Paufique, Jerome, Piskunov, Nikolai, Reiners, Ansgar, Schneller, Dominik, Schmutzer, Ricardo, Seemann, Ulf, Slumstrup, Ditte, Smette, Alain, Stegmeier, Jörg, Stempels, Eric, Tordo, Sebastien, Valenti, Elena, Valenzuela, Jose Javier, and Vernet, Joel

Published
2022
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39. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT: science goals, project overview, and future developments

Author

Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Vernet, Joël R. D., Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Allende Prieto, C., Alvarado-Gomez, J. D., Alves, C. S., Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Antoniucci, S., Artigau, E., Bailet, C., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C. C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Berio, P., Biazzo, K., Bigot, L., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boebion, O., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bolton, J. S., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Bonhomme, L., Borsa, F., Bouret, J.-C., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabona, L., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Cantalloube, F., Canto Martins, B. L., Carbonaro, L., Caujolle, Y., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A.-L., Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cirasuolo, M., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Cunha Parro, V., Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., Dadi, K., de Castro Leão, I., De Cia, A., De Medeiros, J. R., Debras, F., Debus, M., Delorme, A., Demangeon, O., Derie, F., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Di Stefano, S., Dionies, F., Domiciano de Souza, A., Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Egner, S., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Ferruzzi, D., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Frank, B. S., Fuesslein, C., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Gonçalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., González-Hernández, J. I., Gouvret, C., Gracia Témich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Hughes, I., Huke, P., Ivanisenko, Y., Järvinen, A. S., Järvinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Kern, J., Knoche, J., Kordt, A., Korhonen, H., Korn, A. J., Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A. A., Lavail, A., Lavie, B., Lee, D., Lehmitz, M., Li, J., Li, W., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Maldonado, J., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, T., Marques, C. M. J., Marques, E. L., Martinez, P., Martins, A., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, J. H. C., Maslowski, P., Mason, C., Mason, E., McCracken, R. A., Melo e Sousa, M. A. F., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Milaković, D., Mollière, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Nardetto, N., Neichel, B., Neri, N., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nisini, B., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Olchewsky, F., Oliva, E., Önel, H., Origlia, L., Östlin, G., Ouellette, N. N.-Q., Pallé, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Pasquini, L., Peñate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Peroux, C., Perreault Levasseur, L., Perruchot, S., Petit, P., Pfuhl, O., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Piskunov, N., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Porru, M., Puschnig, J., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodríguez-López, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Roth, M., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Saccardi, A., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Santos Diaz, P., Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J.-F., Savio, D., Scaudo, A., Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Simoes, R., Simonnin, A., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Spang, A., Spiga, R., Stempels, E., Stevenson, J. R. Y., Strassmeier, K. G., Suárez Mascareño, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-Sanginés, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tisserand, P., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Véran, J.-P., Vallée, P., Vanni, I., Varas, R., Vega-Moreno, A., Venn, K. A., Verma, A., Vernet, J., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbé, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., and Zimara, J.

Published
2024
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