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The study assessed gender differences in the associations between familism dimensions, dysfunctional thoughts, and resource and outcome variables in 190 Spanish dementia family caregivers. A theoretical model was tested through path analysis, obtaining an excellent fit of the model to the data. Higher scores in the familial obligations dimension were associated with lower self-efficacy for self-care and obtaining respite and leisure frequency, and higher anxious and depressive feelings, in female caregivers only. Significant between-gender differences were obtained, suggesting that female caregivers holding strong familistic values are more vulnerable to the negative consequences of caregiving compared to male caregivers.

A pilot randomized controlled trial study was conducted for testing the efficacy of a novel Guilt Focused Intervention (GFI), that was compared with a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CBI) for caregivers of people with dementia with high levels of guilt and distress.Participants were 42 caregivers who were randomized assigned to the intervention conditions.Participants in the GFI showed significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and guilt at posttreatment and follow-up. Participants in the CBI presented reductions in anxiety and guilt at posttreatment and follow-up. Clinically significant change for guilt was found in 62.5% in the GFI and 9.09% in the CBI group at posttreatment. At follow-up, 58.33% in GFI and 12.5% in the CBI group were recovered.The preliminary results of this pilot study suggest that caregivers with significant levels of guilt and distress might benefit from an intervention specifically designed to target guilt feelings.A novel and initial intervention approach specifically designed for targeting caregivers' feelings of guilt might have the potential to reduce caregiver's emotional distress.

Nursing home workers have been exposed to great physical and mental burdens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this has generated high levels of exhaustion, it may also have contributed to feelings of professional satisfaction. The objective of this study was to explore the levels of satisfaction among nursing home workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the role of job demands, resources and emotional experiences in explaining their levels of satisfaction. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Spain between March and May 2020. Three hundred and thirty-five nursing home workers participated. A quantitative analysis was conducted, as was a content analysis of the responses to an open-ended question about the respondents' perceptions of job demands and resources during the crisis. The results showed that workers had very high levels of satisfaction. Social pressure from work, contact with death and suffering, and emotional exhaustion were negatively associated with satisfaction. Moreover, under conditions of extensive contact with suffering people and great fear of contagion, social support at work was shown to promote professional satisfaction. In conclusion, nursing home workers in Spain experienced high rates of satisfaction during the COVID-19 crisis despite the high job demands, lack of job resources, fear of contagion and exhaustion. The main practical implication of this study is the importance of ensuring optimal working conditions in the nursing home sector in order to guarantee professional satisfaction, prevent burnout, reduce turnover and promote post-crisis resilience, This work was supported by I+D+I National Project of Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-106368GB- I00) AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Introduction Family caregivers often experience guilt after nursing home placement. The aim of the present study was to describe family caregivers’ guilt over time and assess the impact of conflicts with staff and satisfaction with care on guilt. Method Data of 222 family caregivers at three assessments during one-year follow-up were used. In addition to caregivers’ guilt and the variables conflicts with staff and satisfaction with the care, potential confounders were measured: sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics of the person with dementia, and caregiver burden. Linear mixed model analyses were performed to examine the longitudinal relationships between variables. Results Guilt remained stable over time. Unadjusted models showed that conflicts with staff were positively associated with guilt ( β = 0.11; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.16) and satisfaction with care showed a negative association with guilt ( β = −0.10; p< 0.05; 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.01). After adjusting for the confounders, only the positive association of guilt with conflicts with staff was similar as in the unadjusted analysis ( β = 0.11; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.16), whereas satisfaction with care was not significantly associated with guilt in the adjusted analyses ( β = −0.07; p = 0.10; 95% CI: −0.16 to 0.01). Discussion More conflicts with staff are associated with stronger guilt feelings. Guilt feelings are experienced by caregivers even after the admission of the person with dementia, and they remain stable over time. Further studies should focus on how to address guilt in family caregivers of people with dementia living in nursing homes.