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Your search keyword '"Land-use and biodiversity"' showing total 6 results
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6 results on '"Land-use and biodiversity"'

2. The effect of livestock grazing on plant diversity and productivity of mountainous grasslands in South America: A meta-analysis

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Energy System Analysis, Land Use and Biodiversity, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sandoval-Calderon, Ana Patricia, Rubio Echazarra, Nerea, van Kuijk, Marijke, Verweij, Pita A, Soons, Merel, Hautier, Yann, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Energy System Analysis, Land Use and Biodiversity, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sandoval-Calderon, Ana Patricia, Rubio Echazarra, Nerea, van Kuijk, Marijke, Verweij, Pita A, Soons, Merel, and Hautier, Yann

Published
2024

5. Critical transitions and evolutionary hysteresis in movement: Habitat fragmentation can cause abrupt shifts in dispersal that are difficult to revert

Author

Monique de Jager, Merel Soons, Animal Ecology (AnE), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Land Use and Biodiversity, Environmental Sciences, and Afd Environmental Biology

Subjects
movement strategies, restoration, local dispersal, long-distance dispersal, eco-evolutionary dynamics, seed dispersal
Abstract

Under habitat fragmentation, plant species' survival hinges on the ability of individuals to disperse from one habitat patch to another. While there is evidence that severe habitat fragmentation leads to evolution of reduced dispersal ability and that such decreased mobility is generally detrimental for species' survival, it is unknown whether species adapt via a gradual loss in dispersal ability or via a sudden shift from frequent to infrequent dispersal between patches (i.e., a critical transition). Using both a spatially explicit deterministic and individual-based stochastic model of hydrochorous seed dispersal, we show that a small increase in inter-patch distance can generate an abrupt shift in plant seed dispersal strategy from long to short distances. Most importantly, we found that a substantial increase in connectivity between habitat fragments is required to reverse this loss of long-distance dispersal, due to an evolutionary hysteresis effect. Our theory prompts for re-consideration of the eco-evolutionary consequences of habitat fragmentation as restoring habitat connectivity may require restoration of much higher connectivity levels than currently assumed.

Published
2022
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6. Triazoles and Strobilurin Mixture Affects Soil Microbial Community and Incidences of Wheat Diseases.

Author

Vasilchenko AV, Poshvina DV, Semenov MV, Timofeev VN, Iashnikov AV, Stepanov AA, Pervushina AN, and Vasilchenko AS

Abstract

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture as a pest control strategy. Despite the benefits of pesticides on crop yields, the persistence of chemical residues in soil has an unintended impact on non-targeted microorganisms. In the present study, we evaluated the potential adverse effects of a mixture of fungicides (difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, and kresoxim-methyl) on soil fungal and bacterial communities, as well as the manifestation of wheat diseases. In the fungicide-treated soil, the Shannon indices of both fungal and bacterial communities decreased, whereas the Chao1 indices did not differ compared to the control soil. Among bacterial taxa, the relative abundances of Arthrobacter and Sphingomonas increased in fungicide-treated soil due to their ability to utilize fungicides and other toxic compounds. Rhizopus and plant-beneficial Chaetomium were the dominant fungal genera, with their prevalence increasing by 2-4 times in the fungicide-treated soil. The genus Fusarium , which includes phytopathogenic species, which are notably responsible for root rot, was the most abundant taxon in each of the two conditions but its relative abundance was two times lower in fungicide-treated soils, consistent with a lower level of disease incidence in plants. The prediction of metabolic pathways revealed that the soil bacterial community had a high potential for degrading various pollutants, and the soil fungal community was in a state of recovery after the application of quinone outside inhibitor (Q o I) fungicides. Fungicide-treated soil was characterized by an increase in soil microbial carbon, compared with the control soil. Collectively, the obtained results suggest that the application of difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, and kresoxim-methyl is an effective approach for pest control that does not pose a hazard for the soil ecosystem in the short term. However, it is necessary to carry out additional sampling to take into account the spatio-temporal impact of this fungicide mixture on the functional properties of the soil.

Published
2023
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