Search

Tiivistelmä. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää, millaisissa tilanteissa yläkoulun opettajat kokevat keinottomuutta puuttua kiusaamiseen työssään. Tarkastelemme tähän liittyviä tekijöitä niin opettajan työssä kuin koulun rakenteellisissa tasoissa. Tutkimuksemme on tehty osana SAFE-hanketta, jonka tavoitteena on laajentaa näkemystä kiusaamisen ilmiöstä ja miten oppilaiden vertaissuhteissa ilmeneviä haasteita voidaan ymmärtää aiempaa paremmin. Tutkimuksemme on laadullinen, narratiivinen tutkimus, jonka aineistona on käytetty SAFE-hankkeen valmista haastatteluaineistoa. Haastattelut on toteutettu yhden kysymyksen haastatteluina, joista valitsimme aineistoksi kolme yläkoulun opettajan haastattelua. Opettajat kertovat keinottomuuden kokemuksistaan kertomusten kautta, jolloin heidän äänensä tulevat hyvin esiin. Analysoinnissa on hyödynnetty aineistolähtöistä sisällönanalyysia. Tutkimustulosten mukaan opettajat kokevat keinottomuutta erityisesti eriarvoisuuden ja ennakkoluulojen kohtaamisesta, koulun rakenteista johtuvista paineista, ryhmänormien haasteista, nettikiusaamisesta, rasismin haasteista, sukupuolisuuteen ja puheen sensurointiin liittyvistä haasteista, työn paineista ja vaatimuksista sekä kollegan epäeettisestä toiminnasta. Tutkimuksemme osoittaa, että opettajat kohtaavat työssään rajoja, jotka vaikuttavat heidän keinoihinsa puuttua haastaviin tilanteisiin. Opettajat tarvitsevat kouluun avoimempaa ilmapiiriä, joka vähentää myös ennakkoluuloja ja haastavien tilanteiden muodostumista oppilaiden vertaissuhteissa. On tärkeää, että opettajat kertovat, että heidän keinonsa eivät riitä kiusaamiseen puuttumiseen, jolloin se antaa paremman mahdollisuuden tukea heitä.Teacher’s stories of their inability to intervene bullying. Abstract. The aim of this study is to find out in which situations secondary school teachers feel powerless to intervene in bullying. We look at factors related to this, both in the work of the teacher and at the structural levels of the school. Our research is part of the SAFE project, which aims to broaden our understanding of the phenomenon of bullying and how to better understand the challenges that students face in peer relationships. Our research is a qualitative narrative study, using interview data from the SAFE project. The interviews were conducted as one-question interviews, from which we selected three interviews with secondary school teachers as data. Teachers share their experiences of irrationality through narratives, allowing their voices to come through well. Data-driven content analysis has been used in the analysis. The findings suggest that teachers experience that there are not enough means particularly in relation to facing inequality and prejudice, pressures from school structures, challenges of group norms, cyberbullying, challenges of racism, challenges related to gender and speech censorship, work pressures and demands, and unethical behaviour by colleagues. Our research shows that teachers face boundaries in their work that affect their ability to address challenging situations. Teachers need a more open school climate, which will also reduce prejudice and challenging situations in students’ peer relationships. It is important for teachers to communicate that the means are not enough to tackle bullying, thus giving them a better chance to provide support.

Funder: Arcus Foundation; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100016681, Funder: Darwin Initiative, Funder: European Association of Zoos and Aquaria; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009167, Funder: European Outdoor Conservation Association; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013711, Funder: Fundacion Bioparc, Funder: Ocean Parks Conservation Foundation Hong Kong, Funder: Orangutan Land Trust, Funder: Save the Orangutan, Funder: Taronga Zoo, Funder: The Orangutan Project, Funder: Ministry of Environment & Forestry, Funder: PT Rimba Makmur Utama, Degraded tropical peatlands lack tree cover and are often subject to seasonal flooding and repeated burning. These harsh environments for tree seedlings to survive and grow are therefore challenging to revegetate. Knowledge on species performance from previous plantings represents an important evidence base to help guide future tropical peat swamp forest (TPSF) restoration efforts. We conducted a systematic review of the survival and growth of tree species planted in degraded peatlands across Southeast Asia to examine (1) species differences, (2) the impact of seedling and site treatments on survival and growth and (3) the potential use of plant functional traits to predict seedling survival and growth rates. Planted seedling monitoring data were compiled through a systematic review of journal articles, conference proceedings, reports, theses and unpublished datasets. In total, 94 study‐sites were included, spanning three decades from 1988 to 2019, and including 141 indigenous peatland tree and palm species. Accounting for variable planting numbers and monitoring durations, we analysed three measures of survival and growth: (1) final survival weighted by the number of seedlings planted, (2) half‐life, that is, duration until 50% mortality and (3) relative growth rates (RGR) corrected for initial planting height of seedlings. Average final survival was 62% and half‐life was 33 months across all species, sites and treatments. Species differed significantly in survival and half‐life. Seedling and site treatments had small effects with the strongest being higher survival of mycorrhizal fungi inoculated seedlings; lower survival, half‐life and RGR when shading seedlings; and lower RGR and higher survival when fertilising seedlings. Leaf nutrient and wood density traits predicted TPSF species survival, but not half‐life and RGR. RGR and half‐life were negatively correlated, meaning that slower growing species survived for longer. Synthesis and applications. To advance tropical peat swamp reforestation requires expanding the number and replication of species planted and testing treatments by adopting control vs. treatment experimental designs. Species selection should involve slower growing species (e.g. Lophopetalum rigidum, Alstonia spatulata, Madhuca motleyana) that survive for longer and explore screening species based on functional traits associated with nutrient acquisition, flooding tolerance and recovery from fire.