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33 results on '"Kwok, Sze Chai"'

2. An Intricate Relationship between Executive Function and Second-Language Ability in a Cohort of Uyghur-Chinese Bilingual Children

Author

Chen, Jin, Kwok, Sze Chai, and Song, Yongning

Abstract

The relationship between executive function and second-language ability remains contentious in bilingual children; thus, the current study focused on this issue. In total, 371 Uyghur-Chinese bilingual children ranging from 3 to 6 years old were assessed by a battery of tasks measuring language ability (expressive vocabulary tests, receptive vocabulary tests, and phonological awareness of both their first-language and second-language) and executive function (working memory, inhibition, and switching). Our results indicated that age is a crucial moderator of the relationship between second-language ability and executive function. Specifically, executive function unilaterally predicted second-language ability in children who were 3-4 years old, whereas second-language ability and executive function bilaterally influenced each other in children who were 4-5 and 5-6 years old. These findings suggest that executive function and second-language ability have an intertwined and causal relationship among preschool children during development. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Published
2023
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12. Unveiling the potential of machine learning in schizophrenia diagnosis: A meta‐analytic study of task‐based neuroimaging data.

Author

Wang, Xuan, Yan, Chao, Yang, Peng‐yuan, Xia, Zheng, Cai, Xin‐lu, Wang, Yi, Kwok, Sze Chai, and Chan, Raymond C.K.

Subjects
MACHINE learning, SCHIZOPHRENIA, BRAIN imaging, SELECTIVITY (Psychology), SHORT-term memory
Abstract

The emergence of machine learning (ML) techniques has opened up new avenues for identifying biomarkers associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) using task‐related fMRI (t‐fMRI) designs. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis of 31 t‐fMRI studies using a bivariate model. Our findings revealed a high overall sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.82 for t‐fMRI studies. Notably, neuropsychological domains modulated the classification performance, with selective attention demonstrating a significantly higher specificity than working memory (β = 0.98, z = 2.11, P = 0.04). Studies involving older, chronic patients with SCZ reported higher sensitivity (P <0.015) and specificity (P <0.001) than those involving younger, first‐episode patients or high‐risk individuals for psychosis. Additionally, we found that the severity of negative symptoms was positively associated with the specificity of the classification model (β = 7.19, z = 2.20, P = 0.03). Taken together, these results support the potential of using task‐based fMRI data in combination with machine learning techniques to identify biomarkers related to symptom outcomes in SCZ, providing a promising avenue for improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy. Future attempts to deploy ML classification should consider the factors of algorithm choice, data quality and quantity, as well as issues related to generalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. The Evolution of primate short-term memory

Author

ManyPrimates, null, Aguenounon, Géraud, Allritz, Matthias, Altschul, Drew, Ballesta, Sébastien, Beaud, Alice, Bohn, Manuel, Bornbusch, Sally, Brandão, Angela, Brooks, James, Bugnyar, Thomas, Burkart, J. M., Bustamante, Lía, Call, Josep, Canteloup, Charlotte, Cao, Chuangshi, Caspar, Kai Robert, da Silva, Diana, de Sousa, Alexandra, DeTroy, Sarah, Duguid, Shona, Eppley, Timothy, Fichtel, Claudia, Fischer, Julia, Gong, Chi, Grange, James, Grebe, Nicholas, Hanus, Daniel, Haun, Daniel, Haux, Lou, Héjja-Brichard, Yseult, Helman, Annabella, Hernadi, Istvan, Hernandez-Aguilar, R. Adriana, Herrmann, Esther, Hopper, Lydia, Howard, Lauren, Huang, Lei, Huskisson, Sarah, Jacobs, Ivo, Jin, Zhiyong, Joly, Marine, Kano, Fumihiro, Keupp, Stefanie, Kiefer, Evelin, Knakker, Balázs, Kóczán, Katalin, Kraus, Larissa, Kwok, Sze Chai, Lefrançois, Marie, Lewis, Laura, Liu, Siyi, Llorente, Miquel, Lonsdorf, Elizabeth, Loyant, Louise, Majecka, Katarzyna, Maurits, Luke, Meunier, Hélène, Mobili, Flávia, Morino, Luca, Motes-Rodrigo, Alba, Nijman, Vincent, Ihomi, Caroline, Persson, Tomas, Pietraszewski, Dariusz, Reátiga Parrish, Juan, Roig, Anthony, Sánchez-Amaro, Alejandro, Sato, Yutaro, Sauciuc, Gabriela-Alina, Schrock, Allie, Schweinfurth, Manon, Seed, Amanda, Shearer, Caroline, Šlipogor, Vedrana, Su, Yanjie, Sutherland, Kirsten, Tan, Jingzhi, Taylor, Derry, Troisi, Camille, Völter, Christoph, Warren, Elizabeth, Watzek, Julia, Zablocki-Thomas, Pauline, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, and University of St Andrews. ‘Living Links to Human Evolution’ Research Centre

Subjects
MCC, Phylogenetic analysis, BF Psychology, phylogenetic analysis, Psicologia de la cognició, BF, DAS, Cognition in animals, Memòria immediata, General Medicine, cognitive evolution, Primates -- Behavior, Primate cognition, primate cognition, Primats -- Hàbits i conducta, Cognitive psychology, Cognició en els animals, Cognitive evolution, Short-term memory
Abstract

* Correspondence should be addressed to Manuel Bohn (manyprimates@gmai l.com). Short-term memory is implicated in a range of cognitive abilities and is critical for understanding primate cognitive evolution. To investigate the effects of phylogeny, ecology and sociality on short-term memory, we tested the largest and most diverse primate sample to date (421 non-human primates across 41 species) in an experimental delayed-response task. Our results confirm previous findings that longer delays decrease memory performance across species and taxa. Our analyses demonstrate a considerable contribution of phylogeny over ecological and social factors on the distribution of short-term memory performance in primates; closely related species had more similar short-term memory abilities. Overall, individuals in the branch of Hominoidea performed better compared to Cercopithecoidea, who in turn performed above Platyrrhini and Strepsirrhini. Interdependencies between phylogeny and socioecology of a given species presented an obstacle to disentangling the effects of each of these factors on the evolution of short-term memory capacity. However, this study offers an important step forward in understanding the interspecies and individual variation in short-term memory ability by providing the first phylogenetic reconstruction of this trait’s evolutionary history. The dataset constitutes a unique resource for studying the evolution of primate cognition and the role of short-term memory in other cognitive abilities. Publisher PDF

Published
2022

18. A comparison between implicit and explicit self-monitoring: temporal wagering versus confidence rating

Author

Wei, Duan, Cai, Yudian, Wang, Xinyi, and Kwok, Sze Chai

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, confidence rating, Cognitive Psychology, Psychology, self-monitoring, temporal wagering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, metacognition
Abstract

Self-monitoring is a metacognitive activity that individuals control and alter their behavior based on the assessments of their own cognitive status, which involves both explicit and implicit dimensions. Confidence rating task is mostly used to measure explicit monitoring. Recently post-decision wagering (PDW) task has been developed to quantify implicit monitoring ability. Specifically, temporal wagering task estimates the decision confidence by measuring the waiting time subjects are willing to spend in waiting delayed reward, which is called wagering time (WT). The index has only been applied in animals experiment so far, but it values in deeply exploring the underlying mechanism of metacognitive monitoring. Thus in this experiment, WT is tested whether it fits on measuring human’s implicit monitoring ability. Results show that there are significantly positive correlation between WT and confidence. Moreover, there are several consistent effects showing metacognitive features in both WT and confidence—being able to measure metacognitive sensitivity and metacognitive efficiency; predicting the decision accuracy as well as serial dependence effect. All results have illustrated that WT indeed can be a good proxy of confidence and therefore provide an effective measure to study metacognitive monitoring on human. It can also help instruct the clinical treatments of psychiatric patients with deficits in self-monitoring.We apply a within-subject design in which both temporal wagering task and confidence rating task are used. 3600 trials were colleccted from 30 subjects (average age = 22.1, sd = 0.84). Half of the trials are temporal wagering data.

Published
2022
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22. An intricate relationship between executive function and second‐language ability in a cohort of Uyghur‐Chinese bilingual children.

Author

Chen, Jin, Kwok, Sze Chai, and Song, Yongning

Subjects
*EXECUTIVE function, *BILINGUALISM, *VOCABULARY tests, *PRESCHOOL children, *PHONOLOGICAL awareness, *LANGUAGE ability
Abstract

The relationship between executive function and second‐language ability remains contentious in bilingual children; thus, the current study focused on this issue. In total, 371 Uyghur‐Chinese bilingual children ranging from 3 to 6 years old were assessed by a battery of tasks measuring language ability (expressive vocabulary tests, receptive vocabulary tests, and phonological awareness of both their first‐language and second‐language) and executive function (working memory, inhibition, and switching). Our results indicated that age is a crucial moderator of the relationship between second‐language ability and executive function. Specifically, executive function unilaterally predicted second‐language ability in children who were 3–4 years old, whereas second‐language ability and executive function bilaterally influenced each other in children who were 4–5 and 5–6 years old. These findings suggest that executive function and second‐language ability have an intertwined and causal relationship among preschool children during development. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. Research Highlights: A counterfactual model showed causality between executive function and second language ability in Uyghur‐Chinese bilingual children.Executive function unilaterally predicted second language ability in the 3‐ to 4‐year‐old age group.Executive function and second language ability bilaterally influenced each other in the 4‐ to 5 and 5‐ to 6‐year‐old age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. Toward next-generation primate neuroscience: A collaboration-based strategic plan for integrative neuroimaging

Author

Milham, Michael, primary, Petkov, Chris, additional, Belin, Pascal, additional, Ben Hamed, Suliann, additional, Evrard, Henry, additional, Fair, Damien, additional, Fox, Andrew, additional, Froudist-Walsh, Sean, additional, Hayashi, Takuya, additional, Kastner, Sabine, additional, Klink, Chris, additional, Majka, Piotr, additional, Mars, Rogier, additional, Messinger, Adam, additional, Poirier, Colline, additional, Schroeder, Charles, additional, Shmuel, Amir, additional, Silva, Afonso C., additional, Vanduffel, Wim, additional, Van Essen, David C., additional, Wang, Zheng, additional, Roe, Anna Wang, additional, Wilke, Melanie, additional, Xu, Ting, additional, Aarabi, Mohammad Hadi, additional, Adolphs, Ralph, additional, Ahuja, Aarit, additional, Alvand, Ashkan, additional, Amiez, Celine, additional, Autio, Joonas, additional, Azadi, Reza, additional, Baeg, Eunha, additional, Bai, Ruiliang, additional, Bao, Pinglei, additional, Basso, Michele, additional, Behel, Austin K., additional, Bennett, Yvonne, additional, Bernhardt, Boris, additional, Biswal, Bharat, additional, Boopathy, Sethu, additional, Boretius, Susann, additional, Borra, Elena, additional, Boshra, Rober, additional, Buffalo, Elizabeth, additional, Cao, Long, additional, Cavanaugh, James, additional, Celine, Amiez, additional, Chavez, Gianfranco, additional, Chen, Li Min, additional, Chen, Xiaodong, additional, Cheng, Luqi, additional, Chouinard-Decorte, Francois, additional, Clavagnier, Simon, additional, Cléry, Justine, additional, Colcombe, Stan J., additional, Conway, Bevil, additional, Cordeau, Melina, additional, Coulon, Olivier, additional, Cui, Yue, additional, Dadarwal, Rakshit, additional, Dahnke, Robert, additional, Desrochers, Theresa, additional, Deying, Li, additional, Dougherty, Kacie, additional, Doyle, Hannah, additional, Drzewiecki, Carly M., additional, Duyck, Marianne, additional, Arachchi, Wasana Ediri, additional, Elorette, Catherine, additional, Essamlali, Abdelhadi, additional, Evans, Alan, additional, Fajardo, Alfonso, additional, Figueroa, Hector, additional, Franco, Alexandre, additional, Freches, Guilherme, additional, Frey, Steve, additional, Friedrich, Patrick, additional, Fujimoto, Atsushi, additional, Fukunaga, Masaki, additional, Gacoin, Maeva, additional, Gallardo, Guillermo, additional, Gao, Lixia, additional, Gao, Yang, additional, Garside, Danny, additional, Garza-Villarreal, Eduardo A., additional, Gaudet-Trafit, Maxime, additional, Gerbella, Marzio, additional, Giavasis, Steven, additional, Glen, Daniel, additional, Ribeiro Gomes, Ana Rita, additional, Torrecilla, Sandra Gonzalez, additional, Gozzi, Alessandro, additional, Gulli, Roberto, additional, Haber, Suzanne, additional, Hadj-Bouziane, Fadila, additional, Fujimoto, Satoka Hashimoto, additional, Hawrylycz, Michael, additional, He, Quansheng, additional, He, Ye, additional, Heuer, Katja, additional, Hiba, Bassem, additional, Hoffstaedter, Felix, additional, Hong, Seok-Jun, additional, Hori, Yuki, additional, Hou, Yujie, additional, Howard, Amy, additional, de la Iglesia-Vaya, Maria, additional, Ikeda, Takuro, additional, Jankovic-Rapan, Lucija, additional, Jaramillo, Jorge, additional, Jedema, Hank P., additional, Jin, Hecheng, additional, Jiang, Minqing, additional, Jung, Benjamin, additional, Kagan, Igor, additional, Kahn, Itamar, additional, Kiar, Gregory, additional, Kikuchi, Yuki, additional, Kilavik, Bjørg, additional, Kimura, Nobuyuki, additional, Klatzmann, Ulysse, additional, Kwok, Sze Chai, additional, Lai, Hsin-Yi, additional, Lamberton, Franck, additional, Lehman, Julia, additional, Li, Pengcheng, additional, Li, Xinhui, additional, Li, Xinjian, additional, Liang, Zhifeng, additional, Liston, Conor, additional, Little, Roger, additional, Liu, Cirong, additional, Liu, Ning, additional, Liu, Xiaojin, additional, Liu, Xinyu, additional, Lu, Haidong, additional, Loh, Kep Kee, additional, Madan, Christopher, additional, Magrou, Loïc, additional, Margulies, Daniel, additional, Mathilda, Froesel, additional, Mejia, Sheyla, additional, Meng, Yao, additional, Menon, Ravi, additional, Meunier, David, additional, Mitchell, A.J., additional, Mitchell, Anna, additional, Murphy, Aidan, additional, Mvula, Towela, additional, Ortiz-Rios, Michael, additional, Ortuzar Martinez, Diego Emanuel, additional, Pagani, Marco, additional, Palomero-Gallagher, Nicola, additional, Pareek, Vikas, additional, Perkins, Pierce, additional, Ponce, Fernanda, additional, Postans, Mark, additional, Pouget, Pierre, additional, Qian, Meizhen, additional, Ramirez, Julian “Bene”, additional, Raven, Erika, additional, Restrepo, Isabel, additional, Rima, Samy, additional, Rockland, Kathleen, additional, Rodriguez, Nadira Yusif, additional, Roger, Elise, additional, Hortelano, Eduardo Rojas, additional, Rosa, Marcello, additional, Rossi, Andrew, additional, Rudebeck, Peter, additional, Russ, Brian, additional, Sakai, Tomoko, additional, Saleem, Kadharbatcha S., additional, Sallet, Jerome, additional, Sawiak, Stephen, additional, Schaeffer, David, additional, Schwiedrzik, Caspar M., additional, Seidlitz, Jakob, additional, Sein, Julien, additional, Sharma, Jitendra, additional, Shen, Kelly, additional, Sheng, Wei-an, additional, Shi, Neo Sunhang, additional, Shim, Won Mok, additional, Simone, Luciano, additional, Sirmpilatze, Nikoloz, additional, Sivan, Virginie, additional, Song, Xiaowei, additional, Tanenbaum, Aaron, additional, Tasserie, Jordy, additional, Taylor, Paul, additional, Tian, Xiaoguang, additional, Toro, Roberto, additional, Trambaiolli, Lucas, additional, Upright, Nick, additional, Vezoli, Julien, additional, Vickery, Sam, additional, Villalon, Julio, additional, Wang, Xiaojie, additional, Wang, Yufan, additional, Weiss, Alison R., additional, Wilson, Charlie, additional, Wong, Ting-Yat, additional, Woo, Choong-Wan, additional, Wu, Bichan, additional, Xiao, Du, additional, Xu, Augix Guohua, additional, Xu, Dongrong, additional, Xufeng, Zhou, additional, Yacoub, Essa, additional, Ye, Ningrong, additional, Ying, Zhang, additional, Yokoyama, Chihiro, additional, Yu, Xiongjie, additional, Yue, Shasha, additional, Yuheng, Lu, additional, Yumeng, Xin, additional, Zaldivar, Daniel, additional, Zhang, Shaomin, additional, Zhao, Yuguang, additional, and Zuo, Zhanguang, additional

Published
2022
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32. Mixed Selectivity Coding of Content-Temporal Detail by Dorsomedial Posterior Parietal Neurons.

Author

Wang L, Zhou X, Zeng F, Cao M, Zuo S, Yang J, Kusunoki M, Wang H, Zhou YD, Chen A, and Kwok SC

Subjects
Animals, Male, Macaca mulatta, Cognition, Parietal Lobe physiology, Neurons physiology, Saccades
Abstract

The dorsomedial posterior parietal cortex (dmPPC) is part of a higher-cognition network implicated in elaborate processes underpinning memory formation, recollection, episode reconstruction, and temporal information processing. Neural coding for complex episodic processing is however under-documented. Here, we recorded extracellular neural activities from three male rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) and revealed a set of neural codes of "neuroethogram" in the primate parietal cortex. Analyzing neural responses in macaque dmPPC to naturalistic videos, we discovered several groups of neurons that are sensitive to different categories of ethogram items, low-level sensory features, and saccadic eye movement. We also discovered that the processing of category and feature information by these neurons is sustained by the accumulation of temporal information over a long timescale of up to 30 s, corroborating its reported long temporal receptive windows. We performed an additional behavioral experiment with additional two male rhesus macaques and found that saccade-related activities could not account for the mixed neuronal responses elicited by the video stimuli. We further observed monkeys' scan paths and gaze consistency are modulated by video content. Taken altogether, these neural findings explain how dmPPC weaves fabrics of ongoing experiences together in real time. The high dimensionality of neural representations should motivate us to shift the focus of attention from pure selectivity neurons to mixed selectivity neurons, especially in increasingly complex naturalistic task designs., (Copyright © 2024 the authors.)

Published
2024
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33. Atypical meta-memory evaluation strategy in schizophrenia patients.

Author

Zheng Y, Wang L, Gerlofs DJ, Duan W, Wang X, Yin J, Yan C, Allé MC, Berna F, Wang J, Tang Y, and Kwok SC

Abstract

Background: Previous research has reported that patients with schizophrenia would regard false memories with higher confidence, and this meta-memory deficit was suggested as a neurocognitive marker of schizophrenia. However, how schizophrenia patients determine their memory decision confidence has received scant consideration. This study, therefore, aimed to characterize the extent to which meta-memory evaluation strategy differs between schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals, and how such difference contributes to the patients' meta-memory performance., Methods: 27 schizophrenia patients and 28 matched healthy controls performed a temporal-order judgement (TOJ) task, in which they judged which movie frame occurred earlier in an encoded video, and then made retrospective confidence rating. Mixed effect regression models were performed to assess the between-group metacognitive evaluation strategy difference and its relationship to clinical symptoms., Results: Compared to the control group, the patients' confidence ratings were correlated more with the recent confidence history and less with the TOJ-related evidence. The degree of dependence on recent history of confidence was negatively correlated with the severity of positive symptoms. Furthermore, by controlling for the first-order TOJ performance, we observed that the patients discriminated correct memory decisions from the incorrect ones as accurately as the controls., Conclusion: The present investigation revealed that schizophrenia patients tend to use more heuristics in making meta-memory evaluations, and such atypical strategy is related to their clinical symptoms. This study provides new insights into how schizophrenia patients perform meta-memory processes. Future research could consider examining such metacognitive deficits in light of other cognitive domains in psychosis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests., (© 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2021
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