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This research is a structural study that focuses on describing the syntactic categories and the types of Japanese onomatopoeia that taken from advertising pamphlets of commercial food and beverage products. The data analysis method that applied in this research is the intralingual pairing method. Some of the theories that used are the theory of syntactic categories from Ikuhiro and Lawrence (1998) as well as from Kaori (2006), the theory of onomatopoeia types from Kaori (2006) and the theory of sentence analysis through phrase structure trees from Tsujimura (1996). From the analysis that have done, it was found about 78 data, including 33 different onomatopoeias that appearing in 68 sentences on 48 digital pamphlets of commercial products from various brands. Based on syntactic categories, Japanese onomatopoeia can be categorized as verb, adjective, noun and adverb with particles and affixes as the marker that are quite diverse. Based on the type, Japanese onomatopoeia in digital pamphlets can be classified as giongo, giseigo, gitaigo, giyougo and also gijougo, with gitaigo is the most dominant type of onomatopoeia that used in digital pamphlets of food and beverages.

Mandalika is an Indonesian tourist destination notable for sports tourism, as a result of the construction of the Mandalika circuit as an infrastructure for various international events to be held. Moreover, Mandalika also contains natural and cultural resources that can be explored. Therefore, it is categorized as one of the 5 Super Priority Destinations and is still being developed to attract domestic and international visitors. This research analyses relational processes found in five selected Mandalika tourism texts uploaded on the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy website under the Systemic Functional Linguistics point of view. Based on the data acquired in this study, a qualitative method is used. Based on the analysis, each clause broadly reflects Mandalika’s features, but the participants involved have different ways of describing each feature. In addition, the dominance of identifying relational processes in intensive clauses (33%) highlights the most prominent elements of Mandalika, providing readers with the greatest recommendations to enjoy throughout their vacation to Mandalika.

Indigenous knowledge on shifting mountainous farm management of Arfak farmers is the original culture of Arfak people, held firm passed down to generations. This can be seen in the agricultural activities of Arfak farmers who are still applying indigenous knowledge to this day. Modernization can affect the existence and can also be a threat to the indigenous knowledge of Arfak farmers. The low level of education of farmers, the oral transfer of indigenous knowledge and the absence of written documentation of indigenous knowledge are the causes of indigenous knowledge being swept away in the flow of modernization. Apart from that, the existence of indigenous knowledge is increasingly threatened by the development of plantations and urban areas. Especially the increasing demand for land for plantations, infrastructure, settlements and mining. Based on data from the West Papua Agriculture Service, in 2017 plantation development reached 53,806 ha and mining reached 89,256 ha in the Arfak Mountains. Agricultural modernization and industrialization will certainly reduce shifting cultivation and the value of indigenous knowledge. The high biodiversity makes Arfak Mountains a conservation area and makes this region a center of highland vegetable production in West Papua. In 2021, agricultural sector contributed 33.61% to growth Arfak Mountains Gross Regional Domestic Product. This study aims to describe how Arfak farmers apply their indigenous knowledge, namely the concept of igya ser hanjob in managing land to support sustainable agricultural activities. This research uses qualitative approach with inductive methods and case study techniques to document the knowledge and experience Arfak farmers selected with the snowball technique. Data was collected through interviews and observations. This study found that sustainable land management in agricultural activities is based on the ecological concept of the Arfak people, namely igya ser hanjob. This concept regulates appropriate management areas for agriculture and ensures environment sustainability and family food. This ecological concept was socialized for generations Arfak farming family. However, in reality there is a threat of landslides in agricultural areas due to socio-economic and ecological changes in mountainous farming are of Arfak community.

Rice is the most important staple food in the world, and its management is therefore of vital importance. Rice management of the people of Kasepuhan Sinarresmi, Sukabumi Regency West Java, Indonesia is symbolized in cultural practices of farming. Little attention has been paid to the rice metaphor in farming rituals that reveal the cognition of people in rice management. This article, therefore, aims to elucidate the farming ritual that reveals the cognition of the people of Kasepuhan Sinarresmi in dealing with rice. With a qualitative method in nature, the data were collected from observations and interviews with the leader of the kasepuhan. Being one of the ethnicities in Indonesia, Sundanese people in Kasepuhan Sinarresmi have demonstrated their cultural practices that worship rice and its goddess, Dewi Sri. Dewi Sri is believed to provide a good life and an abundant rice crop for the people. Some research claims that cognition affects behavior, and in the same notion we argue that the cognition of the people of Kasepuhan Sinarresmi manifested and constructed in the farming ritual influences the way the people treat rice that yields in rice metaphor. Implementing this, the people of this kasepuhan manage to be self-sufficient in rice.

UMKM bermanfaat pada meningkatnya daya beli masyarakat dan kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat, serta untuk mempromosikan budaya dan tempat wisata yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan negara pada sektor tersebut. Salah satu pelaku UMKM Semarangan yang merintis usaha di awal tahun 2023 memiliki ide yang cukup kreatif dan inovatif dalam mendesain produk souvenir semarangan dan mendapat respon positif dari pasar. Namun, keterbatasan modal membuat variasi produk terbatas serta kurangnya pemanfaatan digital marketing membuat usaha ini kurang dikenal. Untuk itu, tim pengabdi berupaya memberikan pendampingan yang meliputi, (1) strategi diversifikasi produk meliputi, (2) strategi getok tular elektronik. Produk dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah desain-desain diversifikasi produk, tampilan baru sosial media dari UMKM, meliputi Whatsapp business, Instagram, Shopee, Tiktok, dan website UMKM. Dengan begitu, UMKM akan semakin dikenal oleh masyarakat melalui produk yang dihasilkan.

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici and C. gloesporium on chili is a disease that can reduce chili yields up to 80%. Control with fungicide has not been able to provide maximum results, because Colletotrichum can spread due to splashing of water, especially in the rainy season. The use of antagonistic fungi against Colletotrichum spp. has been widely published but is still limited to the laboratory and greenhouse scale, while field conditions are unpredictable. This study aims to identify the potency of Trichoderma viride that can be used as a biofungicide to control anthracnose in chili and to determine aspects of agronomic that can reduce the risk of anthracnose in chili. Samples of infected plants of stems, leaves, and fruits were collected from experimental farm of Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Design and Randomized Complete Block Design. The percentage of disease intensity of the fungus C capsici and the intensity of anthracnose in chili both under screen house and open fields. While testing the effect of cultivation aspects using different types of fertilizer on plant height, fruit weight, number of fruits, and the percentage of disease intensity of Colletotrichum spp. were analyzed. The results of this study shown that four isolates of fungi have been identified such as Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, T. viride, and C. capsici. In vitro analysis shown the ability of T. viride to suppress the growth of the C. capsici up to 71%. The fungus T. viride with a density of 7×106 CFU/mL can suppress the development of anthracnose by 59 to 87% under screen house conditions. However, under field conditions, the fungus T. viride was not able to suppress the development of anthracnose. Agronomic aspects such as plant height, number of fruits and production, and productivity of chili were not significantly effect on anthracnose.

In recent years, violence against women and children has markedly increased in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Numerous cases underscore a significant potential for sexual violence against children, particularly those enrolled in non-formal education institutions. This pressing issue necessitates a thorough examination of current implementation practices, the identification of existing constraints, and the formulation of prospective criminal policies aimed at protecting children from sexual violence in these educational settings. This study utilises a socio-legal framework with a normative-empirical approach, drawing on data from Bantul Regency and Yogyakarta City. It also critically reviews pertinent regulatory frameworks and implementation practices within this context. Findings indicate that both preventive and repressive measures have been enacted to combat sexual violence against children, primarily through the empowerment of law enforcement officials and related government officers at the district, city, and provincial levels. However, the effectiveness of preventive measures is impeded by current regulations and prevailing social norms. Future initiatives to protect children from sexual violence in non-formal education institutions should prioritise non-penal approaches, including the enhancement and harmonisation of the Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence legislation at both national and regional levels. Furthermore, it reveals that local government agencies have yet to establish effective coordination mechanisms to promote better norms for preventing sexual violence in these institutions. Enhancing community empowerment and bolstering the coordination and roles of stakeholders will be pivotal in mitigating the stigma faced by child victims of sexual violence.

This research explores Indonesia’s legal policy on the ASEAN Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty in Criminal Matters (AMLAT) and its implications for law reform in the enforcement of cross-border crime in Southeast Asia. AMLAT plays a critical role in facilitating legal cooperation among ASEAN member states in criminal matters, addressing challenges posed by transnational crimes such as human trafficking, drug smuggling, and cybercrime. Despite its significance, Indonesia faces legal and procedural gaps in aligning its domestic legal framework with AMLAT provisions, creating obstacles in efficient criminal law enforcement across borders. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on Indonesia’s unique legal challenges and reform needs in the context of AMLAT, an area that has received limited scholarly attention. While previous studies have explored AMLAT’s role at a regional level, this research specifically investigates the legal and policy issues within Indonesia and how they affect broader ASEAN cooperation on cross-border crime. The urgency of this research is underscored by the increasing prevalence of transnational crimes in Southeast Asia, exacerbated by advancements in technology and globalization. A more robust legal framework is crucial for Indonesia to effectively collaborate with ASEAN members in combating these crimes. The contribution of this study is twofold. First, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of Indonesia’s legal policy on AMLAT, highlighting key areas for legal reform. Second, it offers practical recommendations for policymakers to strengthen Indonesia’s role in regional legal cooperation, ensuring more effective cross-border crime enforcement in Southeast Asia.

The banking industry plays a crucial role in driving the Indonesian economy. Therefore, any financial upheaval within this sector would have a significant influence on the overall economy. Hence, this study examines the capital composition of banking institutions in Indonesia to assess the financial soundness of the banks. A bank’s susceptibility to default will adversely affect client confidence in the bank. This study investigates the influence of governance attributes, such as board size, board meeting frequency, risk committee presence, institutional ownership, and independent committee existence, on the capital structure of Indonesian banks. 31 samples were intentionally chosen using purposeful sampling. Data estimation was performed using a two-step Arellano-Bond Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator. The findings suggest that the bank risk committee, institutional ownership, and independent committee exert a notable and favorable influence on the capital structure of banks in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the size of the board and the frequency of board meetings do not exert a substantial impact. The size of the board and the use of leverage have no substantial impact. Developing efficient corporate governance procedures is essential for ensuring the bank’s financial stability. This involves maximizing the effectiveness of the risk committee, institutional ownership, and independent committee. AcknowledgmentThis paper is funded by PPM-PTM Grants of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of 2023 (03/SP2H/RT-MONO/LL4/2023).

Background Dentocraniofacial asymmetry is a common condition that affects many individuals. Accurate diagnosis of this condition is essential for effective treatment planning. Aim This study aimed to compare the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial asymmetry using two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Orthodontic Specialist Clinic of the Dental Hospital Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia from March to April 2023. The study included 15 patients who had not undergone orthodontic treatment and were diagnosed with dentocraniofacial asymmetry. The study compared the results of diagnosing asymmetry in 15 different facial features, including the anterior nasal spine, upper and lower first incisors, pterygomaxillary fissure, orbita, menton, porion, upper and lower first molars, coronoid process, gonion, zygoma, latero nasale, and jugulare. Results The study found that there was no significant difference in the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial symmetry between the two- and three-dimensional methods across all 15 parameters measured. The researchers used Fisher's Exact Test to compare the proportion between dependent variables and found that the p-value was greater than 0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference in the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial symmetry between the two methods. The study also used Kappa Cohen analysis to measure the strength of agreement between the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial symmetry of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods on each parameter. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that both two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods are equally effective in diagnosing dentocraniofacial asymmetry. This information may be useful for orthodontists in deciding which method to use when diagnosing dentocraniofacial asymmetry.

The issue of this research is that many pencak silat matches in Indonesia still use manual calculations in several dis-tricts/regencys, then the calculation data is inputted into the system. This will take a lot of time, so the pencak silat match schedule spends a lot of time. The data used is the number of parties at the Sleman Regency Student Pencak Silat Championship in 2023. This research aims to find calculations to maximize the number of parties/matches/match numbers per day in a martial arts match. The method that can be used is the Preemptive Multiple Bounded Knapsack Problem (PMBKP). PMBKP involves distributing the quanti-ty of different types of items to a group of knapsacks with their respective priorities and capacity limits. The PMBKP results obtained in the 2023 Sleman District Pencak Silat Championship problem using the Branch and Bound algorithm are 175 parties on the first day, 133 parties on the second day, 128 parties on the third day, 127 parties on the fourth day, and 72 parties on the fifth day. These results can be said to be effective if applied to pencak silat matches that aim to nurture achievements, such as introductions and district/regency level matches. Keywords: Pencak Silat, Competition, Sports Schedule

This study employs a case study approach in the Batu City Region, East Java Province, Indonesia. Over time, Batu City has undergone a significant transformation, particularly in the tourism sector, leading to the growth of a large service industry. This study aims to propose a comprehensive development strategy for the Batu City area integrating economic, social, and environmental elements into the spatial layout of Batu City, with the ultimate goal of establishing an environmentally friendly Tourism City. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats analysis and analytic hierarchy process were employed to assess data from interviews, questionnaires, and agency sources. The stages of analysis are as follows: 1) data collection, 2) analysis, and 3) strategic prioritizing. This study recommends the main priority strategy for the development of a sustainable environmentally friendly tourism city is committing to implementing the principles of sustainable urban development and environmentally friendly tourism citiy through Regional Regulations. Considering the unique attributes of each city, such us their economy, resources, policies, and environment, among other factors, this paper considers contextual relevance issues. By doing so, it assists cities in developing sustainable cities based on their own strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

Department of Culture and Tourism in Bandung harnesses the power of its official Instagram account, @disbudpar.bdg, to promote the city’s diverse tourist attractions and cultural richness. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the various topics presented on the account that showcase the multifaceted nature of Sundanese culinary traditions. The researchers collected culinary information from 642 posts on Instagram feeds, resulting in 118 data points considering various cuisines, both traditional and modern. The focus of this study is on 86 data points related to traditional meals and beverages in 2022. Employing van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis within the micro-structure theory, the descriptive qualitative method was used for the analysis. The findings reveal four distinct classifications of topics related to culinary diversity. They are the diversity of traditional Sundanese meals (66 data), the diversity of traditional Sundanese beverages (2 data), restaurants offering traditional foods and beverages (16 data), and ingredients for traditional pastries (2 data). Additionally, the analysis uncovers the use of interrogative sentences, declarative sentences, and lexical choices that effectively support and describe the promotion of culinary diversity as a prominent tourist attraction in Bandung. Interrogative sentences engaged followers, declarative sentences provided factual insights, and diverse lexical choices enticed readers to appreciate Bandung’s culinary offerings.

Background Dentocraniofacial asymmetry is a common condition that affects many individuals. Accurate diagnosis of this condition is essential for effective treatment planning. Aim This study aimed to compare the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial asymmetry using two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Orthodontic Specialist Clinic of the Dental Hospital Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia from March to April 2023. The study included 15 patients who had not undergone orthodontic treatment and were diagnosed with dentocraniofacial asymmetry. The study compared the results of diagnosing asymmetry in 15 different facial features, including the anterior nasal spine, upper and lower first incisors, pterygomaxillary fissure, orbita, menton, porion, upper and lower first molars, coronoid process, gonion, zygoma, latero nasale, and jugulare. Results The study found that there was no significant difference in the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial symmetry between the two- and three-dimensional methods across all 15 parameters measured. The researchers used Fisher's Exact Test to compare the proportion between dependent variables and found that the p-value was greater than 0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference in the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial symmetry between the two methods. The study also used Kappa Cohen analysis to measure the strength of agreement between the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial symmetry of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods on each parameter. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that both two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods are equally effective in diagnosing dentocraniofacial asymmetry. This information may be useful for orthodontists in deciding which method to use when diagnosing dentocraniofacial asymmetry.

Abstract Nanomaterials, specifically metal nanoclusters (NCs), are gaining attention as a promising class of antibacterial agents. Metal NCs exhibit antibacterial properties due to their ultrasmall size, extensive surface area, and well-controlled surface ligands. The antibacterial mechanisms of metal NCs are influenced by two primary factors: size and surface charge. In this review, we summarize the impacts of size and surface charge of metal NCs on the antibacterial mechanisms, their interactions with bacteria, and the factors that influence their antibacterial effects against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, we highlight the mechanisms that occur when NCs are negatively or positively charged, and provide examples of their applications as antibacterial agents. A better understanding of relationships between antibacterial activity and the properties of metal NCs will aid in the design and synthesis of nanomaterials for the development of effective antibacterial agents against bacterial infections. Based on the remarkable achievements in the design of metal NCs, this review also presents conclusions on current challenges and future perspectives of metal NCs for both fundamental investigations and practical antibacterial applications. Graphical Abstract

The basic concept of Islamic education has emerged along with the emergence of Islam in the world. The Qur'an as a source of knowledge became a different motivator for Muslim intellectuals in the Middle age, so Islam developed rapidly in the century. Along the times, many basic concepts of Islamic education were born; one was from K.H Hasyim Asy'ari: a Kiai and a big figure in the freedom fight. By referring to the Qur'an and Hadith, he emphasized that the basis of Islamic education aims to create perfect humans. He described the concept of Islamic education clearly in several of his books. This study uses a qualitative method of library research, which aims to describe the basic idea of Islamic education from the perspective of K.H Hasyim Asy'ari, which is widely revealed in several of his books, one of them is Adabul 'Alim wa Muta'allim. Library research is the study research that utilizes library data as a data source. Thus, to find out in detail his concept of education, which is focused on not only religious education such as the study of the interpretation of the Qur'an, hadith, ushuluddin, books of the madhhab fiqh, nahwu, Musharraf, and material that discusses Sufism but also studies general, adapted to the times.

This research aims to give empirical evidence of the impact of independent corporate governance organ's busyness on earnings quality and market mispricing. This research utilized a sample of non-financial firms. It investigated the effect of independent corporate governance organ's busyness on earnings management and earnings persistence using random-effect panel data regression. Furthermore, the Mishkin Test was used to investigate market mispricing. The results showed that the busyness of independent commissioners and independent audit committees had a positive effect on increasing the magnitude of earnings management and a negative impact on the persistence of the accrual component but did not cause market confusion in assessing the company's earnings components. Furthermore, it was discovered that the degree of independent director's business did not influence the magnitude of earnings management. Instead, it resulted in poor persistence of the accrual component and market uncertainty in assessing earnings components.

Abstract Tropical peatlands are globally significant in the terrestrial carbon cycle as they are comprised of a large forest carbon sink and a large peat carbon store—both of which can potentially be exchanged with the atmosphere on decadal time frames. Greenhouse gas emissions from fire-disturbance and development of tropical peatlands over the last few decades, and the potential for ongoing emissions, highlights the need for policy to slow or halt emissions and to activate mechanisms to sequester carbon through restoration of degraded peatlands. The UN REDD + scheme provides a means for developing countries to receive payments for avoided deforestation and forest degradation, but the steps to achieve REDD+ compliance are rigorous and the details required can be a barrier to activating benefits—especially for peatlands where repeated cycles of fire interrupt forest recovery and create a range of recovery classes. Therefore, to improve estimates of peat fire emissions and of carbon balance of tropical peatlands, the biomass and combustion factor parameters need to be developed and applied according to forest recovery stage. In this study we use published activity data from the extensive 1997 fires in the peatlands of Indonesian Borneo to detail a transparent and accountable way to estimate and report emissions from tropical peatland fires. This example for estimating and reporting emissions is provided to assist REDD+ countries to efficiently develop their capacity for improving emissions estimates from fire-impacted tropical peatlands.

This company focuses on operating and managing container depots that provide empty container handling services. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the effect of safety and health and work environment on employee performance at this container depot. The method used in this study is a quantitative method, involving 30 respondents using a saturated sampling technique and using a questionnaire measuring instrument (Likert scale) and library research. As well as data analysis using SPSS Version 27 with study methods multiple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, hypothesis testing using T test and F test. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant positive influence between safety and occupational health and work environment on employee performance with the existence of a multiple linear line equation with a value of Y = 1.860 + 0.367X1 + 0.599X1. The results of hypothesis testing obtained by tcount X1 8.523 and X2 10.160 > ttable 2.048. While the simultaneous test Fcount 57.638> Ftable 3.35. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, there is a positive and strong influence of 81% and 19% is influenced by other factors that are not included in this study.

This study aims to analyze 1) the effect of PhET Gene Expression on students' conceptual understanding and 2) students' perceptions of the Gene Expression Essentials simulation. The research method used was Quasi Experiment with a quantitative approach. The research design used a one-group pretest-posttest design. In the treatment phase, students learned using gene expression simulations from PhET simulations. Data on students' understanding of concepts were obtained from tests and perceptions using a questionnaire. Data analysis used the t-test with the help of SPSS 23 and descriptively. The Paired sample t-Test analysis results showed that the significance was 0.000

Graph theory is a branch of algebra that is growing rapidly both in concept and application studies. This graph application can be used in chemistry, transportation, cryptographic problems, coding theory, design communication network, etc. There is currently a bridge between graphs and algebra, especially an algebraic structures, namely theory of graph algebra. One of researchs on graph algebra is a graph that formed by prime ring elements or called prime graph over ring R. The prime graph over commutative ring R (PG(R))) is a graph construction with set of vertices V(PG(R))=R and two vertices x and y are adjacent if satisfy xRy={0}, for x≠y. Girth is the shortest cycle length contains in PG(R) or can be written gr(PG(R)). Order in PG(R) denoted by |V(PG(R))| and size in PG(R) denoted by |E(PG(R))|. In this paper, we discussed prime graph over cartesian product over rings Z_m×Z_n and its complement. We focused only for m=p_1, n=p_2 and m=p_1, n=〖p_2〗^2, where p_1 and p_2 are prime numbers. Then, we obtained some properties related to order and size, degree, and girth. We also observe some examples. Moreover, we found that a correction in the statement of (Pawar & Joshi, 2019) about the complement graph over prime graph over a ring and gave a counter example for that.

This article aims to determine how the development, feasibility, effectiveness, and practicality of virtual field trip (VFT)-based learning models strengthen students’ digital literacy. The research was conducted in three Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) areas of South Jakarta, Bogor (West Java), and Kediri (East Java). The trial was conducted for students (sixth-grade students) in each school in one class. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with research and development (R&D) methods, according to Borg & Gall. Research data on the application of the model were obtained through observation, tests, and questionnaires, while data analysis was carried out through average and percent scores. This development research obtained a model design from VFT-based learning steps. Based on the results of the trial revealed that (1) the model met the Feasible criteria shown by the assessment of experts and practitioners with an excellent category; (2) the model met the Effective criteria shown by the average results of strengthening digital literacy with an excellent category, and the average results of positive responses to the implementation of learning with Agree/Happy criteria, as well as the achievement of student learning outcomes from the three trial classes obtained a percentage increase above 5%; (3) the model met the Practical criteria shown by the implementation of learning through VFT and the teacher’s ability to manage the learning with an excellent category. The research results briefly state that the VFT-based learning model developed can reinforce students’ digital literacy.