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Organized crime refers to activities that have many characteristics of regular business, but are in fact illegal. It usually includes illegal gambling, prostitution, wholesale theft, racketeering and other illegal activities. Opposing organized crime, simply speaking, is the struggle of state - governmental institutions, i.e., the legal - official legal system that respects regulations - positive laws and interstate agreements against highly organized persons and groups of the illegal system who, without any reservations or scruples, strive as soon as possible, secretly and not choosing the means to achieve the goal - the planned material profit. In the theoretical part of the research of this scientific paper, with the application of the methods of content analysis, comparative methods, analysis and deduction, the field of criminal operations was dealt with, the concept and forms of combating organized crime were defined, and an analysis of the court verdicts for 2020, 2021 and 2022 by criminal cases that had characteristics of organized crime, after which a conclusion was made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information-seeking process of nautical tourists is essential for their decision-making when choosing a specific destination. Modern destination marketing is constantly changing due to the development of new technologies that are meant to attract and retain nautical tourists. Nautical destination managers use modern communication to build and maintain a better image and develop destinations as brands which can function sustainably even in the times of crisis. This paper examines modern and traditional marketing sources of information about Montenegro and Croatia as nautical tourist destinations. It was revealed that the largest share of the informed tourists had previous experience with a destination or were informed through internet sources. The results confirmed that the internet is increasingly used by the surveyed tourists, i.e., there is an increase in promotion through digital marketing tools in both destinations. The comparison of the trends between 2012 and 2021 indicated three common sources of information in both destinations: previous experience, the internet and the recommendations of friends and relatives. The study is based on cross-tabulation analysis which detects the differences in the method of obtaining information by the tourists whose age, gender and education level varied. The practical implication of this paper is the development of destination marketing in the Eastern Adriatic region. More precisely, the study might help the creators of developmental policies and destination operators to choose appropriate marketing strategies in order to adequately position a destination in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Somatic cells (SCs) in milk, which include epithelial cells from the gland and blood cells, are present in milk during the normal course of milking. Increase in SCs is found in mastitis-affected dairy cows and can be a useful indicator for estimating mammary health and milk quality worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a pattern of somatic cell count (SCC) in mastitis-affected cows on three different farms. The study was conducted on three dairy farms of high milk-producing cattle breeds in Vojvodina during 2021. Samples were taken from 15 cows from each farm, all of the cows being diagnosed with clinical and subclinical mastitis. The SCC in milk samples was determined by the microscopic reference method according to the standard (SRPS EN ISO 13366-1:2010) of the Institute for Standardization of Serbia. The value of SCC was considered as high if >200.000 cells/mL, as this is the threshold indicating secretion disorder. In order to examine the differences between the observed three farms, one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied, while a post-hoc LSD test was used for determination of statistically significant differences between the SCC in cows on three different farms. The mean values of the SCC on Farms 1, 2 and 3 were 7,055,266.67, 2,619,893.33 and 552,000 cells/mL, respectively. Based on the results, a statistically significant difference (p

With the fall of the medieval Serbian state under Turkish rule, every culture, including medicine, died out, and the people resorted to folk medicine and self-taught doctors, i.e. empiricists. Serbs began to get educated in Vienna and Pest, and there were Serbian doctors in Novi Sad already at the beginning of the 18th century. At that time, the first doctors with diplomas appeared in Serbia, but mostly as personal doctors of the Belgrade pasha or Knez Miloš, i.e. his brother Jevrem in Šabac. In the fourth decade of the 19th century, the first military doctors set out, and the newly created four military district commands got their doctors. The Serbian Medical Association started the first medical journal, "Serbian Archives" in 1874. Josif Pancic is writing the first textbook in natural sciences, and Dr. Acim Medovic is writing the first textbook on forensic medicine. Before the First Serbian-Turkish War, the civilian ambulance numbered 69 doctors, 10 medical assistants, 26 pharmacists, and five pharmacy assistants, while the military ambulance had 19 doctors, five medical assistants, one pharmacist, and four pharmacy assistants. Health was initiated but also the establishment of the Ministry of Health and the higher education institution of the Medical Faculty in Belgrade. Guided by the oath, expertise, and experience, the doctors of that time made a significant effort to improve and develop medicine in Serbia in the 19th century.

Mastitis is one of the most common and costly diseases affecting dairy cows worldwide. Since antibiotic resistance has become a global threat to both animal and human health, it is becoming more urgent to continuously search for new therapeutical alternatives for the control and treatment of bovine mastitis. Hence, our research aimed to test the therapeutic use of two essential oils (EOs) based on their chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant potential. The present study was conducted by collecting milk samples from the cows diagnosed with clinical or subclinical mastitis with the aim of isolating and identifying bacterial strains. The antioxidant potential of essential oils of Menthae piperitae (MP) and Melissa officinalis (MO) was evaluated in several in vitro assays. In the MP EO, a total of 38 compounds were identified, with menthol as the dominant compound, whereas in MO EO 51 compounds were identified. Furthermore, the values of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) have been used to quantitatively measure the antibacterial activity of each essential oil. In accordance with which, MP EO samples exhibited a higher degree of antibacterial activity than MO EO. Thus, EOs have been shown to be promising alternatives to antibiotics because of their availability, biodegradability, and lower risk of side effects as compared with conventional, antimicrobial treatment. Nevertheless, further clinical studies are needed to test the potential role of EOs in treating mastitis in dairy cows.

Background/Aim. Hypervolemia is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients treated with regular hemodialysis. There is still no reliable method for assessing the status of volemia in these patients. The aim of the study was to assess the status of volemia in patients treated with regular hemodialysis by measuring the parameters of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and bioimpedance. Methods. The effect of hemodialysis treatment on ultrasound parameters of the IVC, as well as on the parameters measured by bioimpedance, was examined before and after hemodialysis. The values of the N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured both before and after hemodialysis. Forty-five patients were involved in this non-interventional cross-section study, including the patients treated with standard bicarbonate dialysis. According to the interdialytic yield, the patients were divided into three groups: I (up to 2,000 mL), II (2,000-3,000 mL), and III (over 3,000 mL). Results. The values of the IVC parameters and the parameters measured with bioimpedance were significantly lower after treatment with hemodialysis (p < 0.005). The third group of patients had a significantly higher total fluid volume in the body compared to the group I, as well as a significantly greater volume of extracellular fluid (p < 0.005). The significantly lower values of NT-proBNP in all groups (p < 0.005) were detected after hemodialysis. After treatment with hemodialysis, a positive correlation was observed between the concentration of NT-proBNP in the serum and the extracellular/intracellular water ratio. However, the correlation between NT-proBNP concentration and total fluid measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion. Measurement of the IVC ultrasound parameters and volemia parameters using bioimpedance significantly contributes to the assessment of the status of volemia. Nevertheless, it cannot be used as a separate parameter, only in combination with all other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]