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A 66-year-old man presented to our institution with a positive fecal occult blood test and lower abdominal pain. Although a tumor was found in the sigmoid colon, biopsy and imaging studies failed to enable the diagnosis of the cancer, and the patient underwent surgery for treatment and diagnosis. The tumor had two distinct areas with differing features shown both histopathologically and on imaging; it was thus diagnosed as a leiomyosarcoma of the sigmoid colon with a pleomorphic component. Here, we describe a rare case of leiomyosarcoma of the sigmoid colon with a pleomorphic component. There are no reports of leiomyosarcoma with pleomorphic components arising in the colon in the literature; thus, the recurrence and metastatic characteristics are unknown. Therefore, accumulating cases in the literature may provide valuable insights into diagnosing and treating these rare tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 35-year-old man with fever and diarrhea visited our hospital because of white string-like fecal excretion. Based on a morphological examination of the excreted object, a Diphyllobothrium infection was suspected. Additionally, Gram staining of a fecal sample revealed Campylobacter infection. After the intraduodenal administration of meglumine/diatrizoate sodium, the tapeworm was excreted. A polymerase chain reaction-based DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that the tapeworm excreted in this case was Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiensis. This report presents a rare case of coinfection with Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiensis and Campylobacter jejuni. Therefore, it is important to consider the coexistence of other intestinal infections when diagnosing parasitic infections in patients with fever.

Objectives: Since a standard sedation protocol for pediatric colonoscopy (CS) has not been established, evidence on optimal sedative agents is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thiamylal in sedation for pediatric CS compared to midazolam., Methods: Children from 7 to 16 years of age who underwent CS under sedation with intravenous thiamylal or midazolam at our hospital between June 2010 and March 2024 were included in this retrospective observational study. The primary outcome was the efficacy (success rate of CS without mid-awakening) of the drugs. Meanwhile, the secondary outcomes were the sedation level during CS, procedure time, recovery time, and adverse events related to sedation., Results: Sixty children were included in the study. The success rate of CS without mid-awakening was significantly higher in the thiamylal group (90.6%) than in the midazolam group (64.3%; p = 0.03). The two groups had no significant differences in median sedation depth, procedure time, or recovery time. Adverse events related to sedation in thiamylal group (22%) and midazolam group (25%) were similar. No severe adverse events were reported., Conclusions: Intravenous thiamylal provides effective and safe sedation in children requiring CS, with little or no mid-awakening during the procedure., Competing Interests: None., (© 2024 The Author(s). DEN Open published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society.)

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a systemic disorder characterized by tissue eosinophilic infiltration and vasculitis. Although EGPA causes multiple organ damage, it causes cholecystitis less frequently. We herein report a case of acute cholecystitis associated with EGPA in which successful treatment with glucocorticoid therapy allowed surgery to be avoided. EGPA can present as acute cholecystitis. It is important not to overlook acute cholecystitis associated with EGPA in patients with abdominal pain with peripheral eosinophilia. Furthermore, in cases of mild cholecystitis associated with EGPA that are diagnosed preoperatively, cholecystectomy might be avoided with conservative glucocorticoid treatment.

Background: Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification, and it has been reported that alterations in the glycosylation patterns on cells are related to cell proliferation, differentiation, tissue adhesion, and carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal glycosylation using a lectin microarray system., Methods: Gastric mucosal samples were obtained from 10 Helicobacter pylori-non-infected patients, 10 H. pylori-infected patients, and 10 after H. pylori-eradicated patients who underwent gastric mucosal biopsy by endoscopy in our institute. The gastric gland cells which were isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded gastric mucosal biopsy samples using laser capture microdissection were used for lectin microarray to obtain lectin-glycan interaction values., Results: Comparison of the lectin-glycan interaction values before and after eradication in the same patients showed significant increases for Ricinus communis agglutinin 120, Trichosanthes japonica agglutinin II, Euonymus europaeus lectin, jacalin, Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin, and Maclura pomifera agglutinin and significant decreases for Urtica dioica agglutinin, Lycopersicon esculentum lectin, Ulex europaeus agglutinin, Sambucus nigra agglutinin, Sambucus sieboldiana agglutinin, and Trichosanthes japonica agglutinin I. Furthermore, jacalin and MPA in the gastric antrum were significantly decreased with H. pylori infection compared with the without infection group and improved to the levels seen without infection as a result of eradication. Lycopersicon esculentum lectin, Sambucus nigra agglutinin, Sambucus sieboldiana agglutinin, and Trichosanthes japonica agglutinin I in the gastric body were significantly increased with H. pylori infection and improved to the level seen without infection as a result of eradication., Conclusion: H. pylori infection changes the lectin binding state which is related to various cancers on the gastric mucosal cell. Furthermore, those changes are reversible by H. pylori eradication.