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As wildfire increases in the western United States, so do postfire debris-flow hazards. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed two separate models to estimate (1) rainfall intensity thresholds for postfire debris-flow initiation and (2) debris-flow volumes. However, the information necessary to test the accuracy of these models is seldom available. Here, we studied how well these models performed over a 2-year period in the 2020 Grizzly Creek Fire burn perimeter in Glenwood Canyon, Colorado, USA, through the development of a debris-flow response inventory. The study area had the advantage of a network of 11 rain gauges for rainfall intensity measurements and repeat lidar data for volume estimates. Our observations showed that 89 % of observed debris flows in the first year postfire were triggered by rainfall rates higher than the fire-wide rainfall threshold produced by the current USGS operational model (M1). No debris flows were observed in the second year postfire, despite eight rainstorms with intensities higher than the modeled rainfall threshold. We found that the operational model for debris-flow initiation rainfall thresholds works well in this region during the first year but may be too conservative in year 2 due to vegetation recovery and sediment depletion. However, rainfall thresholds in the second year can be improved by using updated remote sensing imagery to recalculate the debris-flow initiation likelihood with the M1 model. The current volume model overestimates for this region by a median value of 4.4 times. However, the offset between the model estimates and observations is approximately linear, and the volumes from the Grizzly Creek debris flows had a similar magnitude to historic postfire debris flows in the region. Consequently, the current volume model could be adjusted with a regional correction factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Etudes Americaines is the property of Editions Belin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As wildfire increases in the western United States, so do postfire debris-flow hazards. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed two separate models to estimate (1) rainfall intensity thresholds for postfire debris flow initiation and (2) debris-flow volumes. However, the information necessary to test the accuracy of these models is seldom available. Here, we studied how well these models performed over a two-year period in the 2020 Grizzly Creek Fire burn perimeter in Glenwood Canyon, Colorado, USA, through the development of a debris flow response inventory. The study area had the advantage of a network of 11 rain gauges for rainfall intensity measurements and repeat lidar data for volume estimates. Our observations showed that 89 % of observed debris flows in the first year postfire were triggered by rainfall rates higher than the fire-wide rainfall threshold produced by the current USGS operational model (M1). No debris flows were observed in the second year postfire, despite eight rainstorms with intensities higher than the modeled rainfall threshold. We found that the operational model for debris flow initiation rainfall thresholds works well in this region during the first year but may be too conservative in year 2 due to vegetation recovery and sediment exhaustion. However, rainfall thresholds in the second year can be improved by using updated remote sensing imagery to recalculate the debris-flow initiation probability with the M1 model. The current volume model overpredicts for this region by a median value of 4.4 times. However, the offset between the predictions and observations is linear, and the volumes from the Grizzly Creek debris flows had a similar magnitude to historic postfire debris flows in the region. Consequently, the current volume model could be adjusted with a regional correction factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares the safeguarding of monuments and immoveable works of art in Italy in the first years of World War II to the on-site protection undertaken in Ukraine during the Russian invasion and explores whether traditional or more innovative methods are being employed in Ukraine. Both the planning in advance of war and the implementation of protective measures amidst substantial obstacles are considered. The focus is placed on fixed works of art in churches and public statues. Special attention is given to the vulnerability of churches and their ornamentation during war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty-three years after the publication of Simo Parpola's article "The Murderer of Sennacherib," the events of his assassination in 681 BC and Esarhaddon's accession to the throne continue to provoke debate. More than a simple act of murder, the assassination of Sennacherib should be understood as an attempted coup d' état, a strategically planned attempt to use force to bring about a change in political leadership. Combining a new examination of the many sources associated with this event with fresh theoretical perspectives derived from the study of modern coups d'état, this article refutes recent suggestions that Esarhaddon played a role in the murder of his father. It argues that Sennacherib did in fact disinherit Urad-Mullissu in favor of Esarhaddon, that Urad-Mullissu successfully recruited professional chariot units based in Nineveh to participate in his conspiracy, and that Esarhaddon was likely based in the city of Dur-Katlimmu at the time of his father's assassination. Esarhaddon avoided assassination and prevailed in the conflict which followed by leveraging his status as the designated heir to create the perception that his candidacy for the throne was endorsed by the gods and therefore his victory was inevitable. Nevertheless, the assassination and the brief civil war that followed cast a pall over Esarhaddon's reign, shaping his own succession arrangements as well as the atmosphere of paranoia which marked his final years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant advances in computational ethology have allowed the quantification of behaviour in unprecedented detail. Tracking animals in social groups, however, remains challenging as most existing methods can either capture pose or robustly retain individual identity over time but not both.To capture finely resolved behaviours while maintaining individual identity, we built NAPS (NAPS is ArUco Plus SLEAP), a hybrid tracking framework that combines state‐of‐the‐art, deep learning‐based methods for pose estimation (SLEAP) with unique markers for identity persistence (ArUco). We show that this framework allows the exploration of the social dynamics of the common eastern bumblebee (Bombus impatiens).We provide a stand‐alone Python package for implementing this framework along with detailed documentation to allow for easy utilization and expansion. We show that NAPS can scale to long timescale experiments at a high frame rate and that it enables the investigation of detailed behavioural variation within individuals in a group.Expanding the toolkit for capturing the constituent behaviours of social groups is essential for understanding the structure and dynamics of social networks. NAPS provides a key tool for capturing these behaviours and can provide critical data for understanding how individual variation influences collective dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LREM's remarkable victory in the 2017 legislative elections led to the historic elimination of the traditional major parties, Republicans and Socialists, indicating a reversal of the 5th French Republic's party system polarity. Like any political party, LREM had to face several territorially determined electoral races between 2017 and 2021 - two senate, municipal, regional, and departmental elections. Territorial anchoring is a prerequisite for any party that seeks to permanently establish oneself in political life in France. The paper aims to analyse and assess whether the balance of political forces has also changed at the subnational level of politics. It tries to answer the question "Is the nature of party recomposition absolute?" or "Has LREM become rooted in other representative bodies at different government levels in France?" Following the overall developments, we argue that LREM currently fails to change the traditional poles and pivotal forces of the French politicalspectrum in the Senate as well assubnationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescent mental health problems have lasting impacts on health and social functioning later in life. Evidence to date mostly comes from studies of specific diagnostic categories/dimensions, but hierarchical models can elucidate associations with general as well as specific dimensions of psychopathology. We provide evidence on long‐term outcomes of general and specific dimensions of adolescent psychopathology using both parent and teacher reports. Methods: Parents and teachers from the Isle of Wight study completed Rutter behaviour scales when participants were 14–15 years old (n = 2,275), assessing conduct, emotional and hyperactivity problems. Metric‐invariant bifactor models for parents and teachers were used to test domain‐specific and domain‐general associations with 26 self‐reported psychosocial outcomes at mid‐life (age 44–45 years, n = 1,423). Analyses examined the individual and joint contributions of parent and teacher reports of adolescent psychopathology. All analyses were adjusted for covariates (gender, IQ and family social class) and weighted to adjust for the probability of nonresponse. Results: Parent‐ and teacher‐reported general factors of psychopathology (GFP) were associated with 15 and 12 outcomes, respectively, across the socioeconomic, relationship, health and personality domains, along with an index of social exclusion. Nine outcomes were associated with both parent‐ and teacher‐reported GFP, with no differences in the strength of the associations across reporters. Teacher‐reported specific factors (conduct, emotional and hyperactivity) were associated with 21 outcomes, and parent‐reported specific factors were associated with seven. Five outcomes were associated with the same specific factors from both reporters; only one showed reporter differences in the strength of the associations. Conclusions: These findings confirm the relevance of the GFP and the utility of teacher as well as parent reports of adolescent mental health in predicting psychosocial outcomes later in the life course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling the multiway power flow in a multi-active-bridge (MAB) converter is important for achieving high performance and sophisticated functions. Traditional feedforward methods for MAB converter control rely on precise lumped circuit models. This article presents a machine learning (ML) method for the feedforward power flow control of an MAB converter without a precise circuit model. A feedforward neural network was developed to capture the nonlinear characteristics and predict the phases needed to achieve the targeted power flow. The neural network was trained with a large amount of data, collected with a set of known phase angles. This trained network was used to predict the phases to achieve the targeted power flow. A six-port MAB converter was built and tested to validate the methodology and demonstrate the “machine-learning-in-the-loop” implementation. Transfer learning was proven to be effective in reducing the size of the training data needed to obtain an accurate ML model. ML-based feedforward power flow control can achieve comparable accuracy as traditional model-based methods and can function without a precise lumped circuit element model of the MAB converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fire Ecology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Throughout the pandemic, Mother-Scholars, one of many types of "super-moms," have persisted despite the burdens of gender inequity in academia and the challenges of bearing the bulk of the domestic duties at home. The deep networks of help and social capital, referred to as familismo in Latina/x/o parenting discourse, that have historically helped super-moms be productive, coupled with strong self-care habits that have helped super-moms survive in academia, were slowly unraveling as a result of distancing and isolation measures that were aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19. Mother-Scholars, now a village of one or two, with less scholarship, devalued productivity, and increased psychological distress, are less likely than ever to achieve tenure, receive grant awards, and assume leadership roles, particularly in legal education. Challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and lack of adequate responses to those challenges, are subjecting Mother-Scholars to a new kind of glass ceiling made visible by the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic--the COVID Ceiling. This Article establishes a framework for understanding and analyzing the intersectional and multi-layer impacts of the COVID Ceiling on mothers in the workforce, revealing intersectional impacts that exacerbate pre-existing inequities in academia, with a focus on the legal academy. The implications of the COVID Ceiling are far-reaching and require policymakers to rethink baseline protections and social safety nets for all mothers, especially those in the workforce. Many scholars have renewed calls to expand and strengthen existing work-family policies, such as the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA), so that all mothers are protected. This Article also advocates for free, accessible high-quality childcare for working mothers. Although a good start, work-family policy shifts alone will not eliminate the persistent gender, racial, ethnic, and motherhood biases prevalent in workplace attitudes and societal prejudices. The implications of the COVID Ceiling require self-governing institutions and corporations to provide greater protections to ensure that mothers can thrive in the workforce and families can thrive in society. True equity requires changing work-family policies to better protect and acknowledge mothers' roles in society and the workplace. By applying the COVID Ceiling's vulnerability framework, institutions can identify subordinated or oppressed groups subgroups, such as unpartnered mothers, within traditionally dominant or privileged groups, like academia, in order to equitably distribute benefits and support. The lack of adequate pandemic policy responses has made surviving in academia a challenge for many Mother-Scholars. Equity is key to helping Mother-Scholars, particularly unpartnered mothers and minoritized mothers in academia, thrive in pandemic and post-pandemic times. True equity requires reimagining hiring, promotion, and tenure standards. In particular, leaders must preserve and protect Mother-Scholars in legal education. Mother-Scholars in legal academia play a unique role in their [wo]mentorship of women and minoritized women law students, engagement in feminist critical knowledge production, and advocacy for women and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the lens of gatekeeping, this study examines how an evolving technological landscape influences the way television news journalists cover the issue of deadly, highly-publicized police shootings in the United States. Through 10 in-depth interviews of television news journalists, the author analyzes how social media, cellphones, and citizen journalists shape this narrative. Themes include a change in speed and accessibility, accuracy, and a multi-layered challenge to police authority. Practical and theoretical implications on the future digital landscape covering this topic are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yearbook of the Faculty of Political Sciences / Godisnjak Fakultet Politickih Nauka Beograd is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Political Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article seeks to assess and explain territorial policy dynamics in five European countries—Italy, Spain, Germany, France and the United Kingdom—from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic up to early 2021. The crisis has clearly highlighted well-known differences between centralized and decentralized systems. Yet focusing on this dichotomy is not sufficient. It is suggested that, while the distribution of authority between central and regional governments matters, policy dynamics— that is, how different territorial levels interact in policy-making processes—are even more important in driving multi-level responses to the emergency. Whether these dynamics are hierarchical (France), competitive (Italy and Spain), cooperative (Germany) or mixed (the United Kingdom) depends on how pre-crisis institutional, sectoral and political "causal forces" moderate the impact of an exogenous shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2017 French presidential election is regarded as a watershed in French politics, with Emmanuel Macron winning the election as the leader of a newly founded political movement. This paper probes the idea that the French political ideological space has lost its bipolar structure and that the election forms a continuation of a decreasing political polarization blurring the left–right divide, a trend posited to have occurred since the 2000s. It uses an inductive scaling approach drawing on information about candidate policy stances from the Voting Advice Application Boussole Présidentielle to extract candidates' positions and to explore which issue domains structure their inter-relations. The resulting candidate policy space does not suggest a dissolution of ideological differences between left and right. Yet, while Macron and Le Pen do not transcend a polarized left–right divide, they do mark deviations from a clear-cut bipolar left–right block structure and increase political complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B 2022 Student Poster and Presentation Awards: b The SAF Forest Science and Technology Board (FS&TB) instituted poster awards at the 2002 SAF National Convention and presentation awards in 2009 to encourage students to present their research. The 2022 SAF National Convention (SAF2022) was held September 21 to 23, 2022. In Plenary 2, I Bridge Builder- Creating Trusting Partnerships i , Jennie Stephens encouraged the audience to examine their interactions and engagement with landowners when discussing the economic, ecological, and societal benefits of forests. [Extracted from the article]