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The widespread administration of COVID-19 vaccines has prompted a need to understand their safety profile. This investigation focuses on the safety of inactivated and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, particularly concerning potential cardiovascular and haematological adverse events. A retrospective cohort study was conducted for 1.3 million individuals residing in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, who received 1.8 million doses of the inactivated BBIBP CorV (by SinoPharm) and mRNA-based BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines between June 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022. The study's primary outcome was to assess the occurrence of selected cardiovascular and haematological events leading to hospitalization or emergency room visits within 21 days post-vaccination. Results showed no significant increase in the incidence rates of these events compared to the subsequent 22 to 42 days following vaccination. Analysis revealed no elevated risk for adverse outcomes following first (IRR 1·03; 95% CI 0·82-1·31), second (IRR 0·92; 95% CI 0·72-1·16) and third (IRR 0·82; 95% CI 0·66-1·00) doses of either vaccine. This study found no substantial link between receiving either mRNA and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines and a higher likelihood of cardiovascular or haematological events within 21 days after vaccination. Adverse cardiovascular and haematological events following COVID-19 vaccination have been reported, leading to safety concerns. Here, the authors find no evidence for increased incidence of these events within 21 days of BIBP-CorV or BNT162b2 vaccination in electronic health record data from Abu Dhabi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are nano-sized colloidal drug delivery system that contains a lipid mixture consisting of both solid and liquid lipids in their core. This lipid-based nanosystem is introduced as a biocompatible, non-toxic, and safe nano-drug delivery system as compared to polymeric or metallic nanoparticles. Due to its safety, stability, and high drug loading capacity compared to other lipid-based nanocarriers, NLC gained the attention of researchers to formulate safe and effective drug carriers. The ability to increase drug solubility and permeability while encapsulating the drug in a lipidic shell makes them an ideal carrier for drug delivery through difficult-to-achieve routes. Surface modification of NLC and the use of various additives result in drug targeting and increased residence time. With such qualities, NLCs can be used to treat a variety of diseases such as cancer, infections, neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and pain management. This review focuses on the recent developments being made to deliver the drugs and genes through different routes via these nanocarriers. Here, we also discuss about historical background, structure, types of NLC and commonly employed techniques for manufacturing lipid-based nanocarriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In designing a new drug, considering the preferred route of administration, various requirements must be fulfilled. Active molecules pharmacokinetics should be reliable with a valuable drug profile as well as well-tolerated. Associated with the old/traditional of method of drug delivery are several limitation ranging from first-pass effect, low tolerance, minimal bioavailability, fluctuation of plasma drug concentration which result to less or no desired effect produced. This call for the demand for a more efficient drug administration technique. Over the past 20 years, nanotechnologies have provided alternative and complementary solutions to those of an exclusively pharmaceutical chemical nature since scientists and clinicians invested in the optimization of materials and methods capable of regulating effective drug delivery at the nanometer scale. Among the many drug delivery carriers, lipid nano vesicular ones successfully support clinical candidates approaching such problems as insolubility, biodegradation, and difficulty in overcoming the skin and biological barriers such as the blood-brain one. In this review, the authors discussed the structure, the biochemical composition, and the drug delivery applications of lipid nanovesicular carriers, namely, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes, phytosomes, catanionic vesicles, and extracellular vesicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to determine the causes of pediatric ocular morbidity in the in-patient department of a tertiary-care hospital in eastern India. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study done on admitted patients in the age group of 0-12 years between July 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, in a tertiary-care hospital in eastern India. Results: During the study period, a total of 5775 patients were admitted to the hospital, out of which 447 were children belonging to 0-12 years, the prevalence being 7.74%. Out of the 447 children, 276 were males (61.74%) and 171 were females (38.26%) with a male:female ratio of 1.6:1. A total of 31.77% patients were reported from urban areas and 23% from rural areas. The mean age of the children was 5.5 years (range: 20 days-12 years). The highest frequency of admission was found in the age group of zero to 4 years (61.74%). Ocular trauma (44.07%) was found to be the most common ocular morbidity, followed by cataract (32.21%) and infectious ocular diseases (7.61%). The average duration of stay in the hospital was 4.9 days ranging from 2 to 56 days. Conclusion: Timely intervention with early diagnosis and regular follow-up are essential in the management of pediatric ocular morbidity as well as childhood blindness. In our study, ocular trauma was found to be most common ocular morbidity leading to poor visual outcome and hospital admission, which can be prevented by safe home practices and parental education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of fast communication, being connected has become a necessity for all of us due to various reasons. Everyone needs high-speed spontaneous connectivity. This led to exponential growth in the field of information technology. A mobile ad hoc network plays a key role in establishing communication on the fly without any fixed infrastructure. The flexibility and dynamism offered by the mobile ad hoc network made this unique. QoS is one of the key issues whenever the performance of the network is measured. Next-Generation Network ensures better QoS with minimum delay or latency. QoS and QoE are the two faces of the same coin. Like the major two issues of the Next-generation Network can be speed and reliability, which needs to be addressed in a next-generation network. The purpose of this paper is to explore the significance of End-to-End Delay or Latency to provide a fast network and improve reliability also, in the context of Next Generation Ad hoc Network on which other parameters are directly or indirectly dependents. It proposed to measure the values of one of the key parameters such as End-to-End Delay in existing RAT and for E-RAT under different scenarios. To carry out critical analysis NS-3 is used. Apart from the other parameters, the emphasis is on the delay. Thus the results obtained would play a significant role to understand the importance of delay and also help to provide better QoE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The charge transfer complex (CT complex) formed in ethanol with 1,2-dimethylimidazole (DMI, donor) and picric acid (PA, π- acceptor) at room temperature (RT) and spectrophotometric studies have been performed in various solvents. CT complex was characterised using different analysis like – 1H NMR, FTIR spectra and UV-vis spectra which designates that CT interaction is connected to proton relocation to DMI from PA followed by the formation of N+–H···O− type bonding. Spectrophotometric data helps in calculating various physical parameters (such as KCT, εCT, ΔGo, ID, RN, ECT, μEN and f) were also obtained through Benesi–Hildebrand equation. From these parameters it was observed that [(DMIH)+(PA)−] formation dependents on type of solvent used. 1:1 stoichiometry of [(DMIH)+(PA)−] was found by a straight-line method. Antimicrobial activity of the CT complex was demonstrated. Molecular docking study give us the information of binding of [(DMIH)+(PA)−] with B-DNA which has substantial application for drug designing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]