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Background Histopathological endpoints are evolving as a treatment target in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Use of histology to screen entrants could add value in IBD clinical trials; for example, by refining eligibility criteria to ensure studies recruit patients with definitive active inflammation at the microscopic level. Several histopathological indices have been developed, but the relative complexity of available scores hinders the development of an AI algorithm without large-scale labour-intensive annotation by a pathologist. We aimed to develop computer vision tools to assist decoding the complex clinical disease features at the histological level for both Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). This will inform understanding of disease pathology and patient stratification to support clinical trial development strategies. Methods A total of 1397 clinically annotated Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) images were included from 418 CD and 218 UC patients enrolled in a multicentred longitudinal Study of a Prospective Adult Research Cohort with IBD (SPARC IBD) obtained from the IBD Plexus program of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. We developed an image quality control (QC) algorithm to automatically identify image and tissue processing/staining artefacts negatively impacting analysis (e.g., out-of-focus, tissue folds, overstained regions) and excluded these regions (Fig. 1). Next, a self-supervised learning (SSL) deep learning computer vison model was developed and trained to predict disease relevant features including disease diagnosis and lesional macroscopic appearance (inflammation, erosions and ulcers). Finally, to better understand the model’s predictions, we generated heatmap overlays on the tissue that show regions which the model considers to be most predictive (Fig. 2) and shared these with pathologists for qualitative evaluation. Results We find that the SSL model performs well on different downstream classification tasks such as UC vs CD (area under curve (AUC) = 0.79) and normal vs lesional tissue (AUC = 0.76). Specialist pathologist collaboration further confirmed that the heatmap overlays identified clinically relevant tissue features, including inflammatory cell infiltrates (Fig. 2). Conclusion These encouraging results support further exploration of this deep-learning algorithm to distinguish disease specific characteristics in this set of images from CD and UC patients. Further work is ongoing to validate the heatmap approach on endoscopic scores, we also plan to validate our model on IBD clinical trial datasets.

The research was conducted on the example of mining and heavy industry to identify problems in the labor safety and labor protection system in Georgia. A tendency to increase the frequency of industrial accidents was revealed. Causes of industrial accidents basically in technical and organizational character, or is related to the disregard of the requirements provided by the legislation of Georgia.

In this work, the following biochemical parameters: tannins content (%), antioxidant activity mg /L-AAC-1, monomeric anthocyanins content and total polyphenols content mg/L GAE-1 in white wines 16 samples (Rkatsiteli, Msvane Kakhuri, Kisi, Khikhvi) obtained by European and Kakhetian method were studied to identify differences among variety and winemaking methods. The mentioned parameters range for tannin content from 0.067 to 0.155%, for total monomeric anthocyanin content :2.093-14.472 mg/L, for total polyphenol content 174.634-743.740 mg/L GAE-1, antioxidant activity 317.323 mg/L (AAE-1) in Kakhetian wines. While corresponding results 0.037-0.055%, 1.202-2.004 mg/L; 20.764-53.772 mg/L GAE-1; 130.702-367.935 mg/L AAC-1 are shown in European style wine. Based on the biochemical parameters of the wine, both European and Kakhetian style Kisi and Khikhvi are distinguished. A high positive correlation was observed between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity (r2 = 0.934). However, the highest was determined in tannins-antioxidant activity and tannins-total polyphenol content (r2 = 0.957). A relatively weak correlation was found between total monomeric anthocyanin content and the antioxidant activity (r2 = 0.767) and total monomeric anthocyanin -total polyphenols (r2 = 0.767).

A wedding day is one of the most important days in a person›s life. In the old days, weddings were held mainly in autumn, when the harvest was molten, the wine was crushed, and the wheat was ground. In the paper, we present the material recorded by us in Tsnori, Sighnaghi Municipality. With the development of life, life-changing rituals change. Forgetting a broken tradition or custom has been accompanied by many lexical items as useless and useless. Therefore, we considered it necessary to find and fix the surviving lexemes. Dating a man and a woman in the last century was mainly done by the deal, there were also cases of starting a family with love. According to our respondent: „In the past, one could not get married or ask without an apostle“. As in other parts of Georgia, according to our materials, an apostle/mediator/ambassador is a man chosen by a family and sent to another family to like this girl and ask us to marry her. Voluntarily chooses and distribute to each other. According to the explanatory dictionary of the Georgian language, an apostle means a person sent (sent) with an assignment, a „mediator“. A mediator is the same, as a mediator. The conciliator, the mediator, is the same as the matchmaker. SulkhanSaba Orbeliani: Machakali - mediator, an apostle - narrator, and missionary. „Belga“ – According to today›s materials, this is the pre-engagement period, negotiation. According to the definition of the Georgian language in the dictionary: Belga - is jewelry, worn by the bridegroom for the bride. The best man was called the godfather, formerly also called Dadiani. It means brother-in-law with Sulkhan-Saba. The semantics of the wedding lexical units’ „Shah“ and „Khoncha“ is interesting. According to the people of Tsnoreli, a woman is a woman of the family, who is right and leads the family well, „Not all women are women“. By studying the wedding customs and related lexical items, we can also study the moral-psychological characteristics of Georgians, and the forms of artificial kinship., ილია ჭავჭავაძის სახელობის ქუთაისის საჯარო ბიბლიოთეკის წელიწდეული, Vol. 13 (2021): Yearbook

In the study of cultural history issues, some importance is attached to the study of ancient beliefs. Among such issues are the days-holidays of the folk agrarian calendar. Handicrafts in agriculture were the main source of material prosperity for the people, the prosperity of the country and the barracks. People used various means to protect Chirnakhuli, including spells. Their discussion shows that one of the ways in which our ancestors fought evil was to suppress the Avsuls, because they believed that failure in agriculture was caused by dark forces. Only the church continues the tradition and blesses the seeds to be sown in the field on the day of commemoration of Theodore Tyrone, unfortunately this is just a ritual that devastated agriculture can no longer use in practice.

The ecological condition of different cities and regions in Georgia is variable. The level of anthropogenic contamination with xenobiotics in most of them significantly exceed the normal level. In almost 25% of children residing in Tbilisi, Batumi and Kutaisi the level of xenobiotics varies 5.0-10.0 mkg/dL, 16% of children have higher than 10.0 mkg/dL. We have studied the profile of mental and speech development in children living in abovementioned cities according to the level of Pb in blood. On the basis of representative selection we have studied the level of Pb in the range of 5.0 mkg/dL and 10.0 mkg/dL for two groups of children with normal development: 65.5 months- (I study group) and 89.5 months (II-study group). Control group has no Pb in blood. The situation in family was also considered. Intellectual development was assessed by Wexler verbal and nonverbal subtests, neuropsychological methods by Luria-Kristensen and visual-motor and visual-spatial evidence by WBAVMA. According to results of children from group I living in ecologically unfavourable regions average evidence for mental and speech verbal awareness were within normal range and similar to controls. As for group II the difference from normal age range was not found. The development of awareness of false belief of second order for group-I was significantly delayed which could occur due to pitfalls in cognitive field. The redevelopment of structure of motivated behaviour in children from group-I was significantly restricted compared with group-II and controls.