21 results on '"Kaplama"'
Search Results
2. PREVENTING OF MIGRATION IN FOOD CONTACT POLYVINYL CHLORIDE-BASED STRETCH FILMS WITH POLYLACTIC ACID LAYER.
- Author
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DAĞDELEN, Adnan Fatih, KIRAÇ DEMİREL, Fatma Tuba, and SARICAOĞLU, Furkan Türker
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HOT pressing , *POLYLACTIC acid , *FOOD testing , *GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) , *POLYVINYL chloride , *CHLOROFORM , *SURFACE coatings , *PHTHALATE esters - Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) coatings for the prevention of residues migrating through polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films was investigated. PLA films prepared in chloroform at concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% were heat sealed to PVC film surfaces in a hot press (130 °C, 5 min, 5 tons). Physical, mechanical, FTIR and migration analyses were performed on these two-layer films. With PLA coating, the thickness of the films increased, mechanical properties decreased and some changes in color values occurred. It was determined by FTIR that there was no structural change on both surfaces of the films as a result of hot pressing. From the overall migration analysis, no migration was observed in the tests with aqueous food simulants, while migration was detected in fatty food simulants. In the specific migration analysis by GC-MS, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) migration decreased by 50% with PLA coating. It is concluded that PLA coating of PVC stretch films may be a promising application to reduce migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Bitkisel Ekstraktlarının Yenilebilir Film ve Kaplamalarda Kullanımı.
- Author
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PEKDOĞAN, Esra, AKKEMİK, Ebru, and HALLAÇ, Bülent
- Abstract
Edible films and coatings (YFK) which are indispensable for recycling and classified as bioavailable, are biopolymer materials. Numerous studies have been carried out on environmentally friendly (YFK). Many of these studies are related to the use of plant extracts in (YFK) Addition of plant extract to the said (YFK), antioxidant, antimicrobial, characterization (thickness, water vapor permeability, elongation at break (%E), tensile strength (TS), color, biodegradability, water solubility, absorbance-transmittance analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)) and examination of homogeneous distribution (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) in edible films, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) are performed to improve their properties. Unfortunately, the added plant extracts do not always show the expected effect. In this study, a total of 78 studies were analyzed using the keywords of plant extract, edible film, characterization, coating by examining Higher Education Thesis Center, Google Scholar, Web of Science databases. When the studies are examined, it is stated that the chemical structure of the plant extract and the dosage added to the film influence increasing the antioxidant activity. In determining the antimicrobial activity, it was stated that the analysis method affected the result. It is stated that other properties vary depending on the lipophilic and hydrophilic nature of the plant extract. As a result, our study contributes to researchers to develop different research topics. Moreover, it provides a fundamental resource for young researchers within the scope of characterization parameters of (YFK) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Meyve Kaplanmasında Peynir Altı Suyu ve Melasın Kullanılabilirliğinin Belirlenmesi
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Fadime Seyrekoğlu
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melas ,peynir altı suyu ,kaplama ,elma ,portakal ,Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Bu çalışmada şeker fabrikası atığı olan melas ve süt farikası yan ürünü olan peynir altı suyu elma ve portakal kaplamasında kullanılarak üç hafta boyunca depolanmıştır. Depolama süresince kalite değişimleri belirlenmiştir. Kaplamada kullanılan peynir altı suyu ve melasın briks değerleri sırasıyla 30 ve 50, pH’ları ise 1 ve 7.8’dir. Çalışmada kaplanan meyvelerin ağırlık kaybı ve renk değerleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda üç haftalık depolama periyodunda elma için melas+su, portakal için ise peynir altı suyunun etkisinin önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Melas+su ile kaplanan elmalarda ağırlık kaybı %3.645 iken kaplanmayan örneklerde %6.327’dir. Peynir altı suyu ile kaplanan portakallarda ağırlık kaybı %17.860 iken kaplanmayan örneklerde ise %27.930’dur. Çalışma ile melasın elmada, peynir altı suyunun da portakalda kaplama materyali olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Özellikle ağırlık kaybı meyvelerin depolanmasında istenmeyen bir durumdur. Meyvelerin kaplanması ile bu durum minimuma indirilebilir. Kullanılan peynir altı suyu ve melas özellikle ağırlık kaybının azaltılmasında etkili olmuştur.
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- 2024
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5. Surface Analysis of Magnesium AZ31 Samples Immersed in Various Aqueous Solutions
- Author
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Ahmed Şeref, Meltem Alp, and Erdem Sahin
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az31 magnesium alloy ,coating ,magnesium phosphates ,calcium phosphates ,phase analysis. ,az31 magnezyum alaşımı ,kaplama ,magnezyum fosfatlar ,kalsiyum fosfatlar ,faz analizi. ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Science ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Rapid degradation in body fluids is known to be the main shortcoming of the AZ31 magnesium alloy that is aimed to be controlled in this study by chemical conversion of its surface in various phosphate and chloride solutions. Deposited layers on the surface of bare alloy plates were subjected to compositional and morphological analyses to assess their performance as barriers to degradation. Also changes in the mass of the samples and pH of the solutions were monitored during 21 day immersion periods. Formations of prismatic, platelike, needlelike crystals of various compositions including calcium phosphates, magnesium phosphates, magnesium chlorides were observed by scanning electron microscopy and their atomic compositions were determined by EDX and quantitative XRD analyses. The results indicate that a layer of ceramic of various thicknesses can stably form on the base alloy by simple adsorption of the particles suspended in the solution or by nucleation and growth of the products of reactions between dissolved ions and the metal ions released from the surface. These deposition layers that are solely induced by the electrochemical potential of the species in the solution offer facile surface modification methods and novel phases to control the degradation of magnesium alloys in aggressive environments such as body fluids or marine environments.
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- 2023
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6. Investigation of the corrosion properties of AA5754 aluminum alloy coated with graphene oxide by the electrophoretic deposition method.
- Author
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CANDEMİR, Duygu, KARACİF, Kubilay, and KARTAL, Levent
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ALUMINUM alloys , *ELECTROPHORETIC deposition , *GRAPHENE oxide , *OXIDE coating , *CORROSION potential , *SCANNING electron microscopy - Abstract
This study aims to coat the aluminum alloy (AA5754) with graphene oxide by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method, which is a cheap, eco-friendly, and straightforward process, and to determine the effect of the coating on the corrosion properties of the aluminum alloy. The graphene oxide coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was determined that the graphene oxide coatings grew layer by layer and their thickness increased with increasing time and applied potential. The effect of graphene oxide coating on the corrosion properties of AA5754 aluminum alloy was investigated by a potentiodynamic method in 3.5% NaCl environment. According to corrosion test results, it was determined that the corrosion potential of the coated AA5754 aluminum alloy changed positively, while the corrosion current and corrosion rate decreased. The highest corrosion potential was determined as -805 mV at 5 V-5 min and 7 V-3 min coating conditions. The lowest corrosion current density (9.8.10-7 A∙cm-2), and corrosion rate (0.011 mm∙y-1) were obtained at 5 V-3 min. coating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. TiC-C ile Kaplanan AISI 1040 Çelik Yüzeyinin Aşınma Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi.
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KILIÇ, Musa, GÖK, Serkan, and ADIYAMAN, Oktay
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- 2024
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8. Potential Application of Chitosan Based Edible Coating Combined with Pomegranate and Lemon Peel Phenolic Extract on Apple and Kiwifruit Slices: Physical, Chemical and Sensory Characteristics.
- Author
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Burun, İrem, Kutlu, Gozde, and Tornuk, Fatih
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CHITOSAN ,EDIBLE coatings ,POMEGRANATE ,PHENOLS ,KIWIFRUIT ,DETECTORS - Abstract
Copyright of Çukurova Journal of Agriculture & Food Sciences is the property of Cukurova University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Surface Analysis of Magnesium AZ31 Samples Immersed in Various Aqueous Solutions.
- Author
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Şahin, Erdem, Alp, Meltem, and Şeref, Ahmed
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MAGNESIUM alloys ,AQUEOUS solutions ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,NUCLEATION ,ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Physicochemical Properties of Sprat (Sprattus sprattus L., 1758) Protein Hydrolysate and Usage as a Coating Material on Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) Fillets.
- Author
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Mısır, Gülsüm Balçık, Dağtekin, Büket Buşra, and Kutlu, Sebahattin
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SPRAT , *PROTEIN hydrolysates , *TROUT , *FISH fillets - Abstract
Trout is the most widely cultivated and traded fish species in Turkey and many European countries, and a total of 471686 tons of production was realized in Turkey's seas and inland waters in 2021. In addition to its nutritive value, this fish takes a crucial position in the aquaculture sector due to its continuous and intensive production. In this study, innovative bioactive protein hydrolysates (PH) produced from sprat were used as a coating to increase the quality and shelf life of trout fillets stored at +4 °C. The yields of traditional hydrolysate (TH) and ultrasound-assisted hydrolysate (UH) were 8.66% and 12.63%, respectively. Protein values of TH and UH were 75.88 and 74.45%, respectively. Three fillet groups were prepared from trout: uncoated control group (C), traditional enzymatic protein hydrolysate coated group (THC), and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic protein hydrolysate coated group (UHC). TVB-N value, which was 12.96 mg/100g in fresh trout, exceeded the consumable limit with 38.52 mg/100g on the 9th day of storage in the C. This value reached 32.92 mg/100g and 33.62 mg/100g on the 12th day for THC and UHC, respectively. At the beginning of storage, 0.21 mg MA/kg TBA reached the consumable limit with 7.72 mg MA/kg in the C on the 9th day, while THC and UHC remained within the limit with 6.67 mg MA/kg and 6.79 mg MA/kg, respectively. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) and total aerobic psychrophilic bacteria (TAPB) counts on day 0 of storage were 2.13 log cfu/g and 1.66 log cfu/g, respectively. These values were calculated as 6.90, 5.20, 5.04, 6.95, 3.48, and 3.22 log cfu/g for C, THC, and UHC on the 12th day of storage, respectively. The application of ultrasound during the production of protein hydrolysate significantly increased the yield and hydrolysis degree of UH compared to TH. The lipid ratio of UH was also found to be significantly lower than TH. In these respects, the application of ultrasound has provided an advantage. Although both coatings have provided significant protection compared to the C, generally similar results were obtained between the THC and UHC. PH coatings delayed the chemical, physical, and microbial spoilage of trout fillets and extended the storage period. The results showed that PH can be used as a coating on fish fillets stored in cold conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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11. Evaluation of urea formaldehyde (UF) as a surface coating material: Black pine wood and oriented strand board (OSB) coating by enhanced UF.
- Author
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KELLECİ, Orhan and KÖKSAL, Süheyla Esin
- Subjects
FORMALDEHYDE ,AUSTRIAN pine ,SURFACE coatings ,CONTROL groups ,CELLULOSE fibers - Abstract
Copyright of Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Artvin Coruh University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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12. Farklı Bağ Kaplama Uygulamalarının Yüksek Sıcaklık ve Katı Partikül Erozyon Aşınmasına Etkisi.
- Author
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Demirci, Musa and Bağcı, Mehmet
- Subjects
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METAL coating , *COATING processes , *SURFACE roughness measurement , *JET engines , *PLASMA spraying , *MATERIAL erosion , *CAVITATION erosion - Abstract
Two different metallic coating processes (NiCrAlY and NiCoCrAlY) were applied on Inconel 718 substrates using Atmospheric Plasma Spray and High-Speed Oxy Fuel Spray methods. Energy conversion plants, gas turbines, jet engine blades, etc. It was aimed to simulate exposure to particle impact under high temperature in applications. At the end of the coating process, four sample groups with different properties were deposited. Solid particle erosion wear behavior of these samples under ambient conditions and temperature were investigated. A specially designed test rig that can perform solid particle erosion wear tests under high temperature conditions was used in the experiments. In the experiments, 300°C was preferred as the air temperature. Assuming that the particles impacting the surface may have variable direction, three different erosive particle impingement angles were selected as 30°, 60° and 90°. In addition to these experimental parameters, particle impact velocity of ~97 m/s using the double disk method and Al 2O 3 erosive with a size of ~400 μm were determined. As a result of the experiments, the comparative erosion rate graphs of the test samples coated with two different methods were obtained and the results were interpreted by using the SEM, XRD and EDX elemental analyses. In addition, the details of the porosity values of the coatings, hardness and surface roughness measurements of the test specimens were also included in the results of erosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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13. Serbest Gezen Tavuklardan Elde Edilen Yumurtaların Propolis Ekstraktı ile Kaplanmasının Raf Ömrü ve Kalite Parametrelerine Etkileri.
- Author
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GÜLER, Gökmen, ŞEN, Ayşe, KORKMAZ TURGUD, Firdevs, TAHTABİÇEN, Emre, OKUR, Aylin AĞMA, and ŞAMLI, Hasan Ersin
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PROPOLIS , *SPECIFIC gravity , *EGG quality , *HENS , *NATURAL products , *EGGSHELLS , *EGG yolk , *POULTRY breeding - Abstract
The study was carried out to demonstrate the effects of the use of water-extracted propolis (PE) as a coating material on shelf life, storage temperature, time, and egg quality parameters obtained from free-range laying hens. The idea of coating an egg with a product to preserve its freshness for a longer time has been the subject of research by researchers. For this purpose, there are studies using samples of propolis extracted using different alcohols. In this study, the effects of coating eggs obtained from free-range reared chickens with water extracted PE and keeping them in different storage conditions on the internal and external quality parameters of the eggs were investigated. For this purpose, 80 eggs were collected from 64-week-old Lohmann brown layers. Egg samples were divided into groups of 8 treatments [2 storage times (10 and 20 days) × 2 storage temperatures (4°C and 22°C) × propolis coating on the shell (coated / uncoated)] and arranged to contain 10 eggs per treatment. In the study, it was seen that PE caused positive effects on the shelf life and internal quality characteristics of eggs stored at room and refrigerator temperature, as it covers the pores on the shell. As a result of coating with propolis extract, specific gravity and egg yolk index values increased (P <0.05). In addition, the number of mesophilic bacteria has decreased. Due to these positive effects, propolis can be considered as a natural alternative product that can be used for eggshell coating. It was determined at the end of the research that coating with the water-derived extract of propolis, a by-product of beekeeping activities, might have positive effects on long-term storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Ark-Sprey Yöntemi ile Düşük Karbonlu Çelik Üzerine Kaplanan İnconel-625 Alaşımının Sertlik ve Mikro Yapı İncelemesi
- Author
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LİMAN, Senol, ÇİÇEK, Bünyamin, and AYDOĞMUŞ, Tuna
- Subjects
Metallurgy and Metallurgical Engineering ,Kaplama ,SA210 ,Inconel-625 ,sertlik ,Cladding ,hardness ,Metalürji Mühendisliği - Abstract
In this study, the surface coating process of a low-carbon steel alloy of SA210 quality, which is frequently used in industrial applications, was investigated. The Air pressure arc-spray method was used as the coating method. High Ni-containing Inconel 625 alloy was used as the coating material. A sandblasted substrate and 8 bar air pressure were used during the coating. After the application, the side surface coating of the samples was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the main substrate and coating hardness was measured by the microhardness method. As a result, the bonding conditions were observed at the coating-material interface. The hardness increased approximately 1.7 times. Thus, the developability of low-carbon steel by surface coating was basically investigated., Bu çalışmada endüstriyel uygulamalarda sıklıkla kullanılan SA210 kalite bir düşük karbonlu bir çelik alaşımının yüzey kaplama süreci incelenmiştir. Kaplama yöntemi olarak hava basınçlı ark-sprey yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Kaplama malzemesi olarak ise yüksek Ni içeren Inconel 625 alaşımı uygulanmıştır. Kaplama sırasında kumlama yapılmış bir alt yüzey ve 8 bar hava basıncı kullanılmıştır. Uygulama sonrasında numunelerde taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile yan yüzeyden kaplanma durumu incelenmiştir. Ayrıca ana alt malzeme ve kaplama sertliği mikro sertlik yöntemi ile ölçülendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak kaplama-malzeme ara yüzeyinde bağlanma durumları izlenmiştir. Sertlik ise yaklaşık 1,7 kat kadar artış göstermiştir. Böylece düşük karbonlu bir çeliğin yüzey kaplaması ile geliştirilebilirliği temel olarak incelenmiştir.
- Published
- 2022
15. İşlevsel derecelendirilmiş kaplamalara bağlı ince filmlerin mekanik modellenmesi
- Author
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Güler, Mehmet Ali, Gülver, Yusuf Fuat, Güler, Mehmet Ali, and Gülver, Yusuf Fuat
- Abstract
Bu tezde, sonlu boyda ince film, hemen altında işlevsel derecelendirilmiş kaplama veen altta ise homojen yarım düzlem destek bulunan birleşik bir yapı, çeşitli yüklemeşartları altında iki boyutlu lineer elastisite teorisi uygulanarak incelenmiştir. Bu tipyapılarda yükleme; film/kaplama üretimi işleminden dolayı kalıntı yüklerinden,yapının kullanımı esnasında maruz kaldığı mekanik veya termal yüklerden kaynaklıgerilmelerden oluşabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, arayüzey veyakaplamada çatlak başlangıcı ve ilerlemesi sorununa neden olabilen film uçlarındaoluşan gerilme yığılmalarını veya tekillik şiddetlerini incelemektir. Arka plandakitemas mekaniği problemi, ince film membran; işlevsel derecelendirilmiş malzemeli(İDM) kaplama ve homojen destek de elastik sürekli ortam kabul edilerek formüleedilmiştir. İDM kaplama ve homojen destek için elastisite çözümü ve arayüzeylerdeyer değiştirmelerin sürekliliği kabulü sayesinde probleme hâkim tümlev (integral)denklemi bulunmuştur. Bu tümlev denklemi tekil olup, bilinmeyen film-kaplamaarayüzey gerilmesi fonksiyonu için Çebişef polinomlarının özelliklerindenyararlanılarak doğrusal cebirsel bir denklem sistemine indirgenerek, sayısal olarakçözülmüştür. Hesaplanan sonuçlar, film-kaplama arayüzeyi boyunca oluşan kaymagerilmesi dağılımı, film uçlarındaki kayma gerilmesi tekillik şiddeti ve film ekseniboyunca oluşan normal gerilme dağılımıdır. Bu çalışma, yapının geometrik vemekanik değiştirgenlerinin (parametrelerinin) ve aynı zamanda yükleme tipinin,gerilme dağılımları ve film ucu kayma gerilmesi tekillik şiddeti üzerinde ne kadaretkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu değiştirgenlerin değerinin ayarlanması ve kaplamaiçin doğru derecelendirme şekli seçilmesiyle kaplamanın yorulma veya kırılmasındave filmin hasar görmesinde veya bozulmasında önemli rol oynayabilen film ucukayma gerilmesi tekillik şiddeti ve filmde oluşan eksenel normal gerilmedeğerlerinin düşürülmesi mümkündür., In this thesis, a compound structure consisting of thin film bonded to the coating offunctionally graded material (FGM) which resides on the homogeneous half plane isstudied by applying two dimensional linear elasticity theory under various loadingconditions. In these problems the loading consists of stresses caused by residualstresses resulting from film/coating processing and thermal or mechanical loadingsduring service life of the structure. The primary interest in this study is in examiningstress concentrations or strength of singularities near the film ends, which may causecrack initiation and propagation in the coating or along the interface. The underlyingcontact mechanics problem is formulated by assuming that the film is a ?membrane?and the FGM coating and homogeneous substrate are elastic continua. By using theelasticity solution for the FGM coating and the homogeneous substrate, andcontinuity of displacements at the interfaces, the governing integral equation for theproblem is found. This integral equation comes out to be singular and may bereduced to a linear algebraic system of equations by using the properties ofChebychev polinomials, and then solved for the unknown interfacial shear stressnumerically. The calculated results are the interfacial shear stress between the filmand the graded coating, strength of stress singularity at the end of the film and theaxial normal stress in the film. This study reveals that both mechanical andgeometrical parameters of the structure as well as loading type have a great effect onthe stress distribution and the strength of shear stress singularity at the film ends. Byadjusting these parameters and the type of the grading, it is possible to lower thestrength of shear stress singularity and the axial normal stress in the film that mayhave a bearing on the fatigue and fracture of the coating and damage or failure duringor after the production stage of the thin film.
- Published
- 2022
16. Comparison of wastewater and chemical recovery system development scenarios using a life cycle assessment in an original equipment manufacturer (OEM)
- Author
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Deniz, Gülçin, Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil, and Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
- Subjects
Coating ,Kaplama ,SimaPro 8.5.0.0 ,Sustainability ,Sürdürülebilirlik ,Otomotiv endüstrisi ,Life cycle analyze ,Yaşam döngüsü analizi ,ISO 14040 ,Automotive industry - Abstract
Sanayi devrimi ile başlayan teknolojik gelişmeler, artan makinelere gereken enerjiyi sağlamak adına arayışlar ile devam etmiştir. Kömürün buhar enerjisi üretimi için kullanılmaya başlanmasından, fosil yakıtların alternatif olması ile devam eden gelişmeler, günümüzde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına geçişin ve nükleer enerji gerekliliklerinin tartışılmasını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Dünya nüfusunun hızla yükselmesi sanayi ve teknolojinin giderek daha da artan enerji gereksinimi geri dönüşü zor olan çevresel etkileri beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu gidişin felaketle sonuçlanabileceğinin farkına varılması çevrenin korunmasını öncelikli amaçlayarak küresel iklim değişikliğinin önlenmesi için çalışmaların yapılmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, örnek bir çevresel etki analiz metodu olan Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi (YDD) bir otomotiv kaplama tesisinde kurgulanan iki farklı senaryo ile elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. SimaPro 8.5.0.0 yazılımı ve ReCiPe etki analiz metodu kullanılarak 1m2 sıkma somunu kaplanması prosesinin hangi çevresel etkileri oluşturduğu kapsamlı bir biçimde hesaplanmıştır. Karşılaştırma sonuçlarına göre elde edilen bulgular ile, Senaryo 1 646mPt sonucu ile Senaryo 2 639mPt sonucuna göre daha olumsuz çevresel etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm etki kategorilerinde Senaryo 1’in çevre üzerinde Senaryo 2’den daha yüksek etkisinin olduğu bulguları elde edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma, fosfat kaplama prosesinden kaynaklanan tüm çevresel etki kategorilerinde en yüksek katkının elektrik tüketimi olduğunu göstermiştir. Tüm bu elde edilen sonuçların ışığında YDD’nin çevresel etkileri sayısallaştırmak için etkili ve faydalı bir yöntem olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Technological developments, which started with the industrial revolution, continued with searches in order to provide the necessary energy to the increasing machines. The ongoing developments, from the use of coal for steam energy production to the alternative of fossil fuels, have led to the discussion of the transition to renewable energy sources and nuclear energy requirements. The rapid increase in the world population has brought with it the environmental effects that are difficult to return, the increasing energy requirement of industry and technology. The realization that this trend could result in disaster has led to efforts to prevent global climate change by aiming to protect the environment as a priority. In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), an exemplary environmental impact analysis method, was analyzed using two different scenarios in an automotive coating facility. By using SimaPro 8.5.0.0 software and ReCiPe impact analysis method, the environmental effects of the 1m2 cap nut coating process have been comprehensively calculated. With the findings obtained according to the comparison results, it has been determined that Scenario 1 646mPt result and Scenario 2 have more negative environmental effects than 639mPt result. It has been found that Scenario 1 has a higher impact on the environment than Scenario 2 in all impact categories. This study showed that electricity consumption was the highest contributor in all environmental impact categories resulting from phosphate coating process. In the light of all these results, it was concluded that LCA is an effective and useful method to quantify environmental impacts.
- Published
- 2022
17. Polimer Nanokompozit Kaplama Teknikleri ve Sunduğu Performanslar
- Author
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ÇİMEN, Çetin
- Subjects
Engineering ,Mühendislik ,Kaplama ,korozyon önleyici özellikler ,triboloji ,elektroaktif polimer ,Coating ,anti-corrosion properties ,tribology ,electroactive polymer - Abstract
In the development of today's technologies, polymer and polymer composites have become indispensable with their superior performance. Polymer composites have entered our daily lives with wide usage areas in vehicle technologies, electrical-electronic materials, space, textile, medicine, tribology and many other fields. The structures and properties of nanocomposites can be regulated with the non-conductive, electroactive and conductive polymer used in the coated material. Here, many performance-enhanced materials such as abrasion resistance, anti-corrosion resistance and electrical resistance can also be developed efficiently when nanoclay or nanoparticles are embedded in the polymer. Polymer Nanocomposites made with carbon nanotubes have electrical properties and act as electromagnetic interference shielding. Some coating technologies suitable for polymer nanocomposites are presented., Günümüz teknolojilerin gelişiminde polimer ve polimer kompozitler, üstün performanları ile vazgeçilmez bir hale gelmiştir. Araç teknolojileri, elektrik-elektronik mazlzemeler, uzay, tekstil, tıp, triboloji ve diğer bir çok alanda geniş kullanım alanları ile polimer kompozitleri günlük yaşamıza girmiştir. Kaplanan malzeme de kullanılan iletken olmayan, elektroaktif ve iletken polimer ile nanokompozitlerin yapıları ve özellikleri düzenlenebilir. Burada özellikle aşınma direnci, korozyon önleyici direnç ve elektrik direnci gibi birçok performanslı hale getirilen malzeme ayrıca polimere nanokil veya nanoparçacıklar gömüldüğünde verimli bir şekilde geliştirilebilir. Karbon nanotüplerle yapılan Polimer Nanokompozitler, elektriksel özelliklere sahiptir ve elektromanyetik parazit koruması görevi görür. Polimer nanokompozitler için uygun bazı kaplama teknolojileri sunulmuştur.
- Published
- 2022
18. Bacterial cellulose production and the investigation of usage areas of bacterial cellulose coated fabrics in textile industry
- Author
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Kılınç, Mehmet, Kut, Yaşar Dilek, and Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tekstil Mühendisliği.
- Subjects
Regenerated bacterial cellulose ,Fabric ,Viskon ,Polyester ,Pamuk ,Cotton ,Viscose ,Bacterial cellulose ,Coating ,Kaplama ,Yarn ,Bakteriyel selüloz ,Rejenere bakteriyel selüloz ,İplik ,Kumaş - Abstract
Bakteriyel selüloz, özellikleri nedeniyle tekstil gibi birçok endüstriyel alanda kullanılan ve kullanımı her geçen gün artan bitkisel selüloza alternatif olan bir hammaddedir. Bu çalışmada statik kültür ortamında bakteriyel selüloz üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bakteriyel selüloz yüzeyleri belirli saflaştırma işlemlerinden geçirilmiş ve daha sonrasında iplik üretimi ve kaplama malzemesi olarak kullanılmak amacı ile DMAc ve LiCl’den oluşan çözücüde çözündürülmüştür. Çözündürme işlemi sonrasında hem rejenere BS ipliği hem de kaplama işlemi sonrası rejenere BS kaplanmış kumaş (pamuk ve viskon) ve iplik (pamuk ve polyester) yüzeyleri elde edilmiştir. Bu işlemler sonrasında elde edilen yüzeylere FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, kopma mukavemeti, su buharı geçirgenliği(permetest), termal konfor(alambeta), hava geçirgenliği, yıkama ve sürtme işlemi sonrasında kaplama kalıcılığı analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre BS’den rejenere lif iplik üretilebileceği, kaplanmış olan kumaşların termal konfor ve su buharı geçirgenliği açısından ham kumaşlara göre daha iyi olduğu ve kaplanmış olan iplik ve tekstil yüzeylerinin güç tutuşur özelliğe sahip oldukları gözlenmiştir. Bacterial cellulose is a raw material that is used in many industrial areas such as textile due to its properties and an alternative to plant cellulose whose usage is increasing day by day. In this study, bacterial cellulose production was carried out in static culture medium. Bacterial cellulose surfaces were subjected to certain purification processes and then dissolved in a solvent consisting of DMAc and LiCl in order to be used as yarn production and coating material. After dissolving process, both regenerated BS yarn and after coating process, regenerated BS coated fabric (cotton and viscose) and yarn (cotton and polyester) surfaces were obtained. FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, breaking strength, water vapor permeability (permetest), thermal comfort (alambeta), air permeability, coating permeability analyzes after washing and rubbing were performed on the surfaces obtained after these processes. According to the results obtained, it has been observed that regenerated fiber yarn can be produced from BS, the coated fabrics are better than raw fabrics in terms of thermal comfort and water vapor permeability, and the coated yarn and textile surfaces have flame retardant properties.
- Published
- 2022
19. Korozyon direnci için çelik yüzeylerde poliüretan kaplamanın elektrokimyasal ve yapısal özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi
- Author
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Ayvaz Şahin, Sema, Övez, Bikem, and Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Mühendislği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Corrosion ,Coating ,Polyurethane ,Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ,Elektrokimyasal Empedans Spektroskopisi ,Korozyon ,Kaplama ,Nötral Tuz Sisi ,Poliüretan ,Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu ,Neutral Salt Spray ,Scanning Electron Microscope - Abstract
Corrosion of metals is very important for our country and the whole world. Economic losses caused directly and indirectly by corrosion is the most important indicator that determines the importance of metal corrosion. For this reason, corrosion prevention methods and protective effects with applications of coatings have been investigated for a long time. As a result of the studies, it has been seen that the coatings can be used to prevent corrosion on metal surfaces and that zinc phosphate used in coatings applied on metal is one of the most important anti-corrosion pigments. In this project, corrosion inhibitors that could be an alternative to zinc phosphate were investigated due to the high cost of zinc phosphate. Polyurethane coating was synthesized by using component A of polyurethane coating that consisting of polyol, crosslinker, catalyst, moisture retainer, defoamer, wetting agent, pigment, filler and rheology agent and component B consisting of isocyanate. Various inhibitors (1.8% wt) (zinc phosphate, cerium octoate, organosilica and pure silica etc.) were added to the polyurethane coating formulation, provided that the PVC (pigment volume concentration) values of the coatings were kept constant (35), and the effects of these additives on the metal surface corrosion performance were evaluated. The hardness of the polyurethanes formed with different additives was measured. Corrosion performances were investigated neutral salt spray test for 500 hours. At the same time, the corrosion behavior of the coatings was investigated using tafel extrapolation method, linear polarization method and electrochemical ımpedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Chemical resistance and tensile strength analyze of polyurethane films were also made. The surface images of the polyurethanes were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result of the study, the order of corrosion rates was obtained as IA, Metallerin korozyonu ülkemiz ve tüm dünya için çok önem taşımaktadır. Korozyonun doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak yol açtığı ekonomik kayıplar, metal korozyonun önemini belirleyen en önemli göstergedir. Bu nedenle uzun zamandan beri korozyon önleme yöntemleri ve kaplamaların koruyucu etkileri ile uygulamaları araştırılmaktadır. Çalışmalar sonucunda kaplamaların metal yüzeylerde korozyonu önlemek amacı ile kullanılabileceği ve özellikle de metal üzerine uygulanan kaplamalarda kullanılan çinko fosfatın, en önemli korozyon karşıtı pigmentlerinden biri olduğu görülmüştür. Bu projede, çinko fosfatın yüksek maliyeti sebebiyle, çinko fosfata alternatif olabilecek korozyon inhibitörleri araştırılmıştır. Poliüretan kaplamanın A bileşenini oluşturan; poliol, çapraz bağlayıcı, katalizör, nem tutucu, köpük giderici, ıslatıcı, pigment, dolgu, reoloji ajanı ve B bileşenini oluşturan izosiyanat kullanılarak bir poliüretan kaplama sentezlenmiştir. Poliüretan kaplama formülasyonu içerisine, PVC (pigment hacim konsantrasyonu) değerleri sabit tutulmak koşulu ile çeşitli inhibitörler eklenilerek (%1.8 ağırlıkça) (çinko fosfat, seryum oktoat, organosilika ve saf silica vb.) bu katkıların metal yüzeydeki korozyon performansı üzerine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Farklı katkılar ile yapılan deneylerle oluşturulan poliüretanların sertlikleri ölçülmüştür. Korozyon performansları, 500 saatlik nötral tuz sisi testi ile incelenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, kaplamaların korozyon davranışları tafel ekstrapolasyon yöntemi, lineer polarizasyon yöntemi ve elektrokimyasal empedans spektroskopisi (EIS) yöntemleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Poliüretan filmlerin kimyasal dayanımları ve çekme mukavemeti analizleri de yapılmıştır. Poliüretanların yüzey görüntüleri taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, korozyon hızlarının sırası IA
- Published
- 2022
20. Plazma püskürtme tekniği ile magnezyum ve alaşımlarının tio2 ve al2o3 kaplanması ve korozyonu
- Author
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Bayram, Tuğba, Kayalı, Yusuf, and Bayram, Tuğba
- Subjects
Titanyum ,Dioksit ,Magnezyum ,Kaplama ,Alümina ,Plazma Püskürtme - Abstract
Magnezyum ve alaşımları yoğunluğu çok düşük malzemelerdir. Fakat mekanik ve kimyasal olarak zayıf özelliklere sahiptirler. Korozyon dirençleri oldukça düşük olan bu malzemeler, başarılı şekilde kaplanması ile korozyon dirençlerinde artış olacaktır. Mekanik özelliklerde de değişme olacak ve Mg ve alaşımlarının daha agresif ortamlarda kullanımının önü açılmış olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Saf Mg, AZ31 ve AZ91 Mg alaşımlarının, plazma sprey kaplama yöntemi kullanılarak Al2O3 ve TiO2 ile kaplanabilirliğinin araştırılmasıdır. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalar neticesinde, saf Mg, AZ31 ve AZ91 Mg alaşımları plazma püskürtme tekniği ile Al2O3 ve TiO2 esaslı seramiklerle başarıyla kaplanmıştır. Kesit mikro yapılarının incelenmesi neticesinde AZ91 alaşımının TiO2 kaplaması hariç, diğer tüm kaplamalar için sürekli altlık malzemeye sürekli yapışma sağlanmıştır. Kesit mikro yapıları geleneksel plazma püskürtmeli seramik kaplama özelliklerine sahip olup, az miktarda porozite ve kılcal çatlaklar içermektedir. Al2O3 ve TiO2 esaslı malzemelerin kaplama öncesi ve sonrası faz yapıları incelendiğinde ise TiO2’de plazma püskürtme sonrası herhangi bir faz dönüşümü meydana gelmemişken, Al2O3 ve Al2O3+TiO2 seramiklerde kristalinite azalmıştır. Kaplama üretimi esnasındaki yüksek plazma entalpisi ve hızlı soğuma hızı kaplama yapısındaki kristalin fazların amorfa dönmesine neden olmuştur. VDI 3198 standardına göre yapılan yapışma testlerinde ise AZ31 kaplamaların tümünün kabul edilebilir yapışma sergilediği anlaşılmıştır. %3,5 NaCl ortamında yapılan elektrokimyasal korozyon testlerine göre ise tüm kaplamalar kaplamasız altlık malzemeden daha düşük korozyon hızı sergilemiştir. En düşük korozyon hızı Al2O3+ %3TiO2 kaplama için ölçülmüşken, en yüksek korozyon hızı ise TiO2 kaplama için ölçülmüştür. Genel olarak elde edilen deneysel sonuçlar incelendiğinde Mg ve alaşımlarının korozyondan korunmasında plazma püskürtmeli seramik esaslı kaplamaların etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Magnesium and its alloys are very low density materials, but, they have poor mechanical and chemical properties. Successful coating of these materials, which have very low corrosion resistance, will increase their corrosion resistance. There will also be a change in the mechanical properties and the use of Mg and its alloys in more aggressive environments will be expanded. The aim of this study is to investigate the coatability of pure Mg, AZ31 and AZ91 Mg alloys with Al2O3 and TiO2 using the plasma spray method. Experimental results showed that, pure Mg, AZ31 and AZ91 Mg alloys were successfully coated with Al2O3 and TiO2 based ceramics by plasma spraying technique. As a result of the examination of the cross-sectional microstructures, a continuous adhesion to the substrate was obtained for all coatings on the AZ91 alloy, except for the TiO2 coating. The cross-sectional microstructures have the characteristics of conventional plasma spray ceramic coatings and contain little porosity and intersplat cracks. When the phase structures of Al2O3 and TiO2 based materials were examined before and after plasma spraying, there was no phase transformation occurred in TiO2 after plasma spraying, while crystallinity decreased in Al2O3 and Al2O3+TiO2 ceramics. The high plasma enthalpy and rapid cooling rate during the coating production caused the crystalline phases in the coating structure to turn into amorphous. In the adhesion tests performed according to the VDI 3198 standard. It was understood that all coatings on AZ31 substrate exhibited an acceptable adhesion. According to the electrochemical corrosion tests performed in 3.5% NaCl environment, all coatings have a lower corrosion rate than that of the uncoated substrate. While the lowest corrosion rate was measured for Al2O3+ %3TiO2 coating, the highest corrosion rate was measured for TiO2 coating. When the experimental results were examined in general, it was understood that plasma sprayed ceramic-based coatings were effective in the protection of Mg and its alloys from corrosion.
- Published
- 2022
21. Investigations of corrosion behavior of organic coatings after nano surface treatment on 1050, 5005, 7075 aluminum type materials
- Author
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Minaz, Canberk, Apaydın, Fatih, and Minaz, Canberk
- Subjects
Adhesion Test ,Toz Boya ,Cass Test ,Kataforez ,Çinko Lamelli ,Powder Coating ,Coating ,Kaplama ,Korozyon ,Zinc Flake ,Alüminyum ,Çevrim Testi ,Cycle Corrosion Test ,Cass Testi ,Cataphoresis ,Aluminum - Abstract
Alüminyum, birçok sektörde her geçen gün etkinliğini ve kullanım sıklığı artırmaktadır. Alüminyum, hafif olması, korozif etkilere karşı direnci, ısı ve elektrik iletkenliği, kolay şekillendirilebilir olması, kaynaklanabilirliği gibi özellikleri sayesinde malzeme seçimi açısından avantajlı bir elementtir. Özellikle alaşımları çok çeşitli özelliklere sahip olabilmektedir. Kullanıldığı ortam koşulları ve kullanma işlevine göre alaşım elementinin hangisi olacağına karar verilir. Bu tezde, otomotiv sektörü, savunma sanayi, havacılık ve uçak sanayisinde kullanılan 1050, 5005, 7075 tipi alüminyum malzemelerinin üzerine, nano kaplama yapıldıktan sonra organik kaplamalar olan kataforez kaplama, toz boya ve çinko lamelli kaplama prosesleri uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan bu prosesler, yöntem açısından birbirlerinden çok farklı işlemlerdir. Bu proseslerden geçip kaplaması yapılan parçalar performans testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. İlk yapılan test kaplamanın iyi bir şekilde yapışıp yapışmadığı hakkında bize ön bilgi veren kuru yapışma testidir. Bu testi başarılı bir şekilde geçen parçalar çevimsel korozyon testi ve cass testi süreçlerinden geçirildikten sonra sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Aluminum is increasing its effectiveness and frequency of use in many sectors day by day. Aluminum is an advantageous element in terms of material selection, thanks to its light weight, resistance to corrosive effects, thermal and electrical conductivity, easy formability and weldability. In particular, its alloys can have very different properties. It is decided which alloy element will be according to the environmental conditions and usage function in which it is used. In this topic, 1050, 5005, 7075 type aluminum materials used in the automotive sector, defense industry, industry and aircraft industry were used. Firstly, nano coating was applied on the materials. Afterwards, organic coatings such as cataphoresis coating, powder coating and zinc flake coating processes were applied. These processes applied are very different from each other in terms of method. The parts coated in these processes were subjected to performance tests. The first test is the adhesion test, which gives us preliminary information about whether the coating adheres well or not. After passing this test successfully, the parts were subjected to cycle corrosion test and cass test processes, and their results were compared.
- Published
- 2022
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