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The ``big'' seismic data not only acquired by seismometers but also acquired by vibrometers installed in buildings and infrastructure and accelerometers installed in smartphones will be certainly utilized for seismic research in the near future. Since it is impractical to utilize all the seismic big data in terms of the computational cost, methods which can select observation sites depending on the purpose are indispensable. We propose an observation site selection method for the accurate reconstruction of the seismic wavefield by process-driven approaches. The proposed method selects observation sites suitable for accurately estimating physical model parameters such as subsurface structures and source information to be input into a numerical simulation of the seismic wavefield. The seismic wavefield is reconstructed by the numerical simulation using the parameters estimated based on the observed signals at only observation sites selected by the proposed method. The observation site selection in the proposed method is based on the sensitivity of each observation site candidate to the physical model parameters; the matrix corresponding to the sensitivity is constructed by approximately calculating the derivatives based on the simulations, and then, observation sites are selected by evaluating the quantity of the sensitivity matrix based on the D-optimality criterion proposed in the optimal design of experiments. In the present study, physical knowledge on the sensitivity to the parameters such as seismic velocity, layer thickness, and hypocenter location was obtained by investigating the characteristics of the sensitivity matrix. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed method was shown by verifying the accuracy of seismic wavefield reconstruction using the observation sites selected by the proposed method., Comment: Accepted manuscript for publication in Geophysical Journal International

Although palliative radiotherapy for gastric cancer may improve some symptoms, it may also have a negative impact due to its toxicity. We investigated whether symptoms improved after radiotherapy with adjustment for the Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI) considering that patients with limited survival tend to experience deterioration of symptoms.This study was an exploratory analysis of the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group study (JROSG 17-3). We assessed six symptom scores (nausea, anorexia, fatigue, shortness of breath, pain at the irradiated area and distress) at registration and 2, 4 and 8 weeks thereafter. We tested whether symptoms linearly improved after adjusting for the baseline PPI. Shared parameter models were used to adjust for potential bias in missing data.The present study analysed all 55 patients enrolled in JROSG 17-3. With time from registration as the only explanatory variable in the model, a significant linear decrease was observed in shortness of breath, pain and distress (slopes, -0.26, -0.22 and -0.19, respectively). Given that the interaction terms (i.e. PPI × time) were not significantly associated with symptom scores in any of the six symptoms, only PPI was included as the main effect in the final multivariable models. After adjusting for the PPI, shortness of breath, pain and distress significantly improved (slope, -0.25, -0.19 and -0.17; P0.001, 0.002 and 0.047, respectively). An improvement in fatigue and distress was observed only in patients treated with a biologically effective dose ≤14.4 Gy.Shortness of breath, pain and distress improved after radiotherapy. Moreover, a higher PPI was significantly associated with higher symptom scores at all time points, including baseline. In contrast, PPI did not seem to influence the improvement of these symptoms. Regardless of the expected survival, patients receiving radiotherapy for gastric cancer can expect an improvement in shortness of breath, pain and distress over 8 weeks. Multiple-fraction radiotherapy might hamper the improvement in fatigue and distress by its toxicity or treatment burden.

SUMMARY Reconstruction of the distribution of ground motion due to an earthquake is one of the key technologies for the prediction of seismic damage to infrastructure. Particularly, the immediate reconstruction of the spatially continuous wavefield is valuable for decision-making of disaster response decisions in the initial phase. For a fast and accurate reconstruction, utilization of prior information is essential. In fluid mechanics, full-state recovery, which recovers the full state from sparse observation using a data-driven model reduced-order model, is actively used. In this study, the framework developed in the field of fluid mechanics is applied to seismic wavefield reconstruction. A seismic wavefield reconstruction framework based on compressed sensing using the data-driven reduced-order model (ROM) is proposed and its characteristics are investigated through numerical experiments. The data-driven ROM is generated from the data set of the wavefield using the singular value decomposition. The spatially continuous seismic wavefield is reconstructed from the sparse and discrete observation and the data-driven ROM. The observation sites used for reconstruction are effectively selected by the sensor optimization method for linear inverse problems based on a greedy algorithm. The proposed framework was applied to simulation data of theoretical waveform with the subsurface structure of the horizontally stratified three layers. The validity of the proposed method was confirmed by the reconstruction based on the noise-free observation. Since the ROM of the wavefield is used as prior information, the reconstruction error is reduced to an approximately lower error bound of the present framework, even though the number of sensors used for reconstruction is limited and randomly selected. In addition, the reconstruction error obtained by the proposed framework is much smaller than that obtained by the Gaussian process regression. For the numerical experiment with noise-contaminated observation, the reconstructed wavefield is degraded due to the observation noise, but the reconstruction error obtained by the present framework with all available observation sites is close to a lower error bound, even though the reconstructed wavefield using the Gaussian process regression is fully collapsed. Although the reconstruction error is larger than that obtained using all observation sites, the number of observation sites used for reconstruction can be reduced while minimizing the deterioration and scatter of the reconstructed data by combining it with the sensor optimization method. Hence, a better and more stable reconstruction of the wavefield than randomly selected observation sites can be realized, even if the reconstruction is carried out with a smaller number of observations with observation noise, by combining it with the sensor optimization method.

Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is one of the major purposes of antimicrobial use.To determine the adherence to the Japanese SAP guidelines in Japanese university hospitals.This was a retrospective cohort study including 15 general hospitals and one dental university hospital. Up to three cases of 18 designated surgeries were evaluated regarding adherence to Japanese SAP guidelines: selection of antibiotics, timing of administration, re-dosing intervals, and duration of SAP. When all items were appropriate, surgery was defined as 'appropriate'.In total, 688 cases (22-45 cases per surgery) were included. The overall appropriateness was 46.8% (322/688), and the appropriateness of each surgery ranged from 8.0% (2/25, cardiac implantable electronic device implantation) to 92.1% (35/38, distal gastrectomy). The appropriateness of each item was as follows: pre/intraoperative selections, 78.5% (540/688); timing of administrations, 96.0% (630/656); re-dosing intervals, 91.6% (601/656); postoperative selection, 78.9% (543/688); and duration of SAP, 61.4% (423/688). The overall appropriateness of hospitals ranged from 17.6% (9/51) to 73.3% (33/45). The common reasons for inappropriateness were the longer duration (38.5%, 265/688) and choice of antibiotics with a non-optimal antimicrobial spectrum before/during, and after surgery (19.0%, 131/688 and 16.9%, 116/688, respectively), compared to the guideline.Adherence to the guidelines differed greatly between the surgeries and hospitals. Large-scale multi-centre surveillance of SAP in Japanese hospitals is necessary to identify inappropriate surgeries, factors related to the appropriateness, and incidences of surgical site infections.

Caffeine is one of the most widely used substances as recreational drug for performance-enhancement in sport, underpinned by a strong evidence base. Although the effects of caffeine are widely investigated within the scope of performance physiology, the molecular effects of caffeine within skeletal muscle remain unclear. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo models suggest that caffeine regulates the glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, caffeine seems to stimulate CaMKII, PPARδ/β, AMPK and PGC1α, classical markers of exercise-adaptations, including mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial content. This review summarizes evidence to suggest caffeine-effects within skeletal muscle fibers, focusing on the putative role of caffeine on mitochondrial biogenesis to explore whether caffeine supplementation might be a strategy to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis.

There are limited data on the use of video laryngoscopy for pediatric patients outside of the operating room.Our primary aim was to evaluate whether implementation of video laryngoscopy-guided coaching for tracheal intubation is feasible with a high level of compliance and associated with a reduction in adverse tracheal intubation-associated events.This is a pre-post observational study of video laryngoscopy implementation with standardized coaching language for tracheal intubation in a single-center, pediatric intensive care unit. The use of video laryngoscopy as a coaching device with standardized coaching language was implemented as a part of practice improvement. All patients in the pediatric intensive care unit were included between January 2016 and December 2017 who underwent primary tracheal intubation with either video laryngoscopy or direct laryngoscopy. The uptake of the implementation, sustained compliance, tracheal intubation outcomes including all adverse tracheal intubation-associated events, oxygen desaturations (80% SpO2), and first attempt success were measured.Among 580 tracheal intubations, 284 (49%) were performed during the preimplementation phase, and 296 (51%) postimplementation. Compliance for the use of video laryngoscopy with standardized coaching language was high (74% postimplementation) and sustained. There were no statistically significant differences in adverse tracheal intubation-associated events between the two phases (pre- 9% vs. post- 5%, absolute difference -3%, CIImplementation of video laryngoscopy as a supervising device with standardized coaching language was feasible with high level of adherence, yet not associated with an increased occurrence of any adverse tracheal intubation-associated events and oxygen desaturation.

Objective This study aimed to determine if prefilled epinephrine syringes will reduce time to epinephrine administration compared with conventional epinephrine during standardized simulated neonatal resuscitation. Study Design Timely and accurate epinephrine administration during neonatal resuscitation is lifesaving in bradycardic infants. Current epinephrine preparation is inefficient and error-prone. For other emergency use drugs, prefilled medication syringes have decreased error and administration time. Twenty-one neonatal intensive care unit nurses were enrolled. Each subject engaged in four simulated neonatal resuscitation scenarios involving term or preterm manikins using conventional epinephrine or novel prefilled epinephrine syringes specified for patient weight and administration route. All scenarios were video-recorded. Two investigators analyzed video recordings for time to epinephrine preparation and administration. Differences between conventional and novel techniques were evaluated using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests. Results Twenty-one subjects completed 42 scenarios with conventional epinephrine and 42 scenarios with novel prefilled syringes. Epinephrine preparation was faster using novel prefilled epinephrine syringes (median = 17.0 s, interquartile range [IQR] = 13.3–22.8) compared with conventional epinephrine (median = 48.0 s, IQR = 40.5–54.9, n = 42, z = 5.64, p Conclusion During simulated neonatal resuscitation, epinephrine preparation and administration are faster using novel prefilled epinephrine syringes, which may hasten return of spontaneous circulation and be lifesaving for bradycardic neonates in clinical practice. Key Points

Carbonaceous chondrites are considered to have originated from C-type asteroids and represent some of the most primitive material in our solar system. Furthermore, since carbonaceous chondrites can contain significant quantities of volatile elements, they may have played a crucial role in supplying volatiles and organic material to Earth and other inner solar system bodies. However, a major challenge of unravelling the volatile composition of chondritic meteorites is distinguishing between which features were inherited from the parent body, and what may be a secondary feature attributable to terrestrial weathering. In December 2020, the Hayabusa2 mission of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) successfully returned surface material from the C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu to Earth. This material has now been classified as closely resembling CI-type chondrites, which are the most chemically pristine meteorites. The analysis of material from the surface of Ryugu therefore provides a unique opportunity to analyse the volatile composition of material that originated from a CI-type asteroid without the complications arising from terrestrial contamination. Given their highly volatile nature, the noble gas and nitrogen inventories of chondrites are highly sensitive to different alteration processes on the asteroid parent body, and to terrestrial contamination. Here, we investigate the nitrogen and noble gas signature of two pelletized grains collected from the first and second touchdown sites (Okazaki et al., 2022a), to provide an insight into the formation and alteration history of Ryugu. The concentration of trapped noble gas in the Ryugu samples is greater than the average composition of previously measured CI chondrites and are primarily derived from phase Q, although a significant contribution of presolar nanodiamond Xe-HL is noted. The large noble gas concentrations coupled with a significant contribution of presolar nanodiamonds suggests that the Ryugu samples may represent some of the most primitive unprocessed material from the early solar system. In contrast to the noble gases, the abundance of nitrogen and δ15N composition of the two Ryugu pellets are lower than the average CI chondrite value. We attribute the lower nitrogen abundances and δ15N measured in this study to the preferential loss of a 15N-rich phase from our samples during aqueous alteration on the parent planetesimal. The analyses of other grains returned from Ryugu have shown large variations in nitrogen concentrations and δ15N indicating that alteration fluids heterogeneously interacted with material now present on the surface of Ryugu. Finally, the ratio of trapped noble gases to nitrogen is higher than CI chondrites, and is closer to refractory phase Q and nanodiamonds. This indicates that Ryugu experienced aqueous alteration that led to the significant and variable loss of nitrogen, likely from soluble organic matter, without modification of the noble gas budget, which is primarily hosted in insoluble organic matter and presolar diamonds and is therefore more resistant to aqueous alteration., Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 345, ISSN:0016-7037, ISSN:1872-9533

Background Debriefing is crucial for enhancing learning following healthcare simulation. Various validated tools have been shown to have contextual value for assessing debriefers. The Debriefing Assessment in Real Time (DART) tool may offer an alternative or additional assessment of conversational dynamics during debriefings. Methods This is a multi-method international study investigating reliability and validity. Enrolled raters (n = 12) were active simulation educators. Following tool training, the raters were asked to score a mixed sample of debriefings. Descriptive statistics are recorded, with coefficient of variation (CV%) and Cronbach’s α used to estimate reliability. Raters returned a detailed reflective survey following their contribution. Kane’s framework was used to construct validity arguments. Results The 8 debriefings (μ = 15.4 min (SD 2.7)) included 45 interdisciplinary learners at various levels of training. Reliability (mean CV%) for key components was as follows: instructor questions μ = 14.7%, instructor statements μ = 34.1%, and trainee responses μ = 29.0%. Cronbach α ranged from 0.852 to 0.978 across the debriefings. Post-experience responses suggested that DARTs can highlight suboptimal practices including unqualified lecturing by debriefers. Conclusion The DART demonstrated acceptable reliability and may have a limited role in assessment of healthcare simulation debriefing. Inherent complexity and emergent properties of debriefing practice should be accounted for when using this tool.

Shallot (Allium cepa var. Aggregatum) is an economically important nutritive vegetable and medicinal plant. Given their low seed production, shallots are vegetatively propagated by using bulb material. Flowering is essential for transferring important traits, such as resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and tolerance to salinity. However, the flowering abilities and times of shallot cultivars are very diverse. Therefore, studying the mechanism and regulatory genes of flowering is mandatory. The AcFT2 gene has a significant correlation with flowering in shallots. The present research aims to obtain information on the gene sequence, relative expression, and correlation of AcFT2 with flowering in shallots under vernalized and nonvernalized conditions. This study was conducted from August 2019 until September 2019 at the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies, IPB University, Tajur, Bogor, Indonesia. Gene isolation and expression analyses were conducted from October 2019 to July 2020 at the Horticulture Laboratory, Gifu University, Japan. The shallot cultivar ‘Lokananta’ was subjected to vernalization at 8 °C for 6 weeks under nonvernalization treatment and then planted for 30 days for gene isolation. The AcFT2 gene sequence generated from the shallot cultivar ‘Lokananta’ was analyzed by using Geneious, MUSCLE, and Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis. Gene expression was analyzed via qRT-PCR. Results showed that the AcFT2-like gene obtained from shallot had high homology with other FT genes from other plants, especially plants in the Allium genus. The shallot cultivar ‘Lokananta’ showed relatively similar expression as the partial shallot AcFT2-like gene under vernalization and nonvernalization treatments given that the number of umbel flowers did not significantly differ between both treatments.

This work examined the relationship between changes in molecular orientation and the heat resistance (heat distortion temperature) of polystyrene injection moldings following heat treatment below the glass transition temperature. Molecular orientation around the core layer of the injection moldings was found to be relaxed by the heat treatment. Also, in the untreated specimen, the molecular orientation around the core layer was relaxed from 60°C during the heating process. Since loss tangent (tanδ) also increased from 60°C during the heating process in the untreated specimen, it was considered that the increase in tanδ occurred with the molecular motion due to the relaxation of molecular orientation from 60°C. After the heat treatment, because of the relaxation of molecular orientation around the core layer by the heat treatment, the relaxation of molecular orientation from 60 °C did not occur during the subsequent heating process, and the tanδ of the polymer between 60 and 90 °C was decreased. Because this decrease in the tanδ over this temperature range improved the heat resistance of the material, the enhanced heat resistance by the heat treatment was attributed to the suppression of the relaxation of molecular orientation from 60°C during the heating process. Furthermore, relaxation of molecular orientation and enthalpy relaxation were related to improvement in the heat resistance.

his is the sixth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. This summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews include cardiopulmonary resuscitation during transport; approach to resuscitation after drowning; passive ventilation; minimizing pauses during cardiopulmonary resuscitation; temperature management after cardiac arrest; use of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound during cardiac arrest; use of vasopressin and corticosteroids during cardiac arrest; coronary angiography after cardiac arrest; public-access defibrillation devices for children; pediatric early warning systems; maintaining normal temperature immediately after birth; suctioning of amniotic fluid at birth; tactile stimulation for resuscitation immediately after birth; use of continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory distress at term birth; respiratory and heart rate monitoring in the delivery room; supraglottic airway use in neonates; prearrest prediction of in-hospital cardiac arrest mortality; basic life support training for likely rescuers of high-risk populations; effect of resuscitation team training; blended learning for life support training; training and recertification for resuscitation instructors; and recovery position for maintenance of breathing and prevention of cardiac arrest. Members from 6 task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and generated consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections, and priority knowledge gaps for future research are listed. This is the sixth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. This summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews include cardiopulmonary resuscitation during transport; approach to resuscitation after drowning; passive ventilation; minimizing pauses during cardiopulmonary resuscitation; temperature management after cardiac arrest; use of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound during cardiac arrest; use of vasopressin and corticosteroids during cardiac arrest; coronary angiography after cardiac arrest; public-access defibrillation devices for children; pediatric early warning systems; maintaining normal temperature immediately after birth; suctioning of amniotic fluid at birth; tactile stimulation for resuscitation immediately after birth; use of continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory distress at term birth; respiratory and heart rate monitoring in the delivery room; supraglottic airway use in neonates; prearrest prediction of in-hospital cardiac arrest mortality; basic life support training for likely rescuers of high-risk populations; effect of resuscitation team training; blended learning for life support training; training and recertification for resuscitation instructors; and recovery position for maintenance of breathing and prevention of cardiac arrest. Members from 6 task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and generated consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections, and priority knowledge gaps for future research are listed.

This is an obituary for William F. Perrin.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is the most important component of neonatal resuscitation, but face mask ventilation can be difficult. Compare supraglottic airway devices (SA) with face masks for term and late preterm infants receiving PPV immediately after birth METHODS Data sources include Medline, Embase, Cochrane Databases, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Study selections include randomized, quasi-randomized, interrupted time series, controlled before-after, and cohort studies with English abstracts. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence. The primary outcome was failure to improve with positive pressure ventilation. When appropriate, data were pooled using fixed effect models. RESULTS Meta-analysis of 6 randomized controlled trials (1823 newborn infants) showed that use of an SA decreased the probability of failure to improve with PPV (relative risk 0.24; 95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.36; P 100 beats per minute was shorter with the SA. There was no difference in the use of chest compressions or epinephrine during resuscitation. Certainty of evidence was low or very low for most outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Among late preterm and term infants who require resuscitation after birth, ventilation may be more effective if delivered by SA rather than face mask and may reduce the need for endotracheal intubation.

Rotordynamic (RD) fluid force of turbomachinery is known as one of the causes of the shaft vibration problem. Bulk flow analysis is the analytical method of RD fluid force, and it is widely used in design stage. Conventional bulk flow analysis has been basically carried out under the assumption of concentric circular whirl orbit. While, the actual turbomachinery is often operated with static eccentricity due to the effect of static load and so on. However, there are not many studies that have investigated the case with large static eccentricity, in particular, the case more than half the seal clearance. In this paper, the linear RD coefficient for the plain annular seal is focused on and examined for the range that static eccentricity is up to 65% of seal clearance. In this range of static eccentricity, it requires the nonlinear analysis extended to the fifth order and largely increases the number of equations to be solved. This paper proposed simplification of higher order extended bulk flow (SHEBF) analysis, and as a result, the number of analytical equations to be solved is significantly reduced. The validity of this method is confirmed both numerically and experimentally.

Mechanism of the ion track formation in crystalline silicon (c-Si) is discussed, particularly under 1–9 MeV C60 ion irradiation. In this energy region, the track formation was not expected because the energy E was much lower than the threshold of E th = 17 MeV determined by extrapolation from higher energy data in the past literature. The track formation is different between irradiations of C60 ions and of monoatomic ions: The tracks were observed under 3 MeV C60 ion irradiation but not under 200 MeV Xe ions, while both the irradiations have the same electronic stopping (S e) of 14 keV nm−1 but much higher nuclear stopping (S n) for the former ions. The involvement of S n is suggested for the C60 ions. While the inelastic thermal spike (i-TS) calculations predict that the high energy monoatomic ion irradiation forms the tracks, the tracks have never been experimentally detected, suggesting quick annihilation of the tracks by highly enhanced recrystallization in c-Si. Exceptions are C60 ions of 1–9 MeV, where the track radii are well reproduced by the i-TS theory with assuming the melting transition. Collisional damage induced by the high S n from C60 ions obstructs the recrystallization in c-Si. Then the tracks formed by the melting transition survive against the recrystallization. This is a new type of the synergy effect between S e and S n, different from the already-known mechanisms, i.e., the pre-damage effect and the unified thermal spike. While c-Si was believed as a radiation-hard material in the S e regime with high S e threshold, this study suggests that c-Si has a low S e threshold but with efficient recrystallization.

New neurons, continuously added in the adult olfactory bulb (OB) and hippocampus, are involved in information processing in neural circuits. Here, we show that synaptic pruning of adult-born neurons by microglia depends on phosphatidylserine (PS), whose exposure on dendritic spines is inversely correlated with their input activity. To study the role of PS in spine pruning by microglia in vivo, we developed an inducible transgenic mouse line, in which the exposed PS is masked by a dominant-negative form of milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8 (MFG-E8), MFG-E8D89E. In this transgenic mouse, the spine pruning of adult-born neurons by microglia is impaired in the OB and hippocampus. Furthermore, the electrophysiological properties of these adult-born neurons are altered in MFG-E8D89E mice. These data suggest that PS is involved in the microglial spine pruning and the functional maturation of adult-born neurons. The MFG-E8D89E–based genetic approach shown in this study has broad applications for understanding the biology of PS-mediated phagocytosis in vivo.

In this work we fabricate and characterize a functionalized superconducting (SC) Nb tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). The tip is functionalized with a Tetracyanoquinodimethane molecule (TCNQ) that accepts charge from the tip and develops a magnetic moment. As a consequence, in scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS), sharp, bias symmetric sub-gap states identified as Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) bound states appear against the featureless density of states of a metallic graphene on Ir(111) sample. Although the coupling regime of the magnetic impurity with the SC tip depends on the initial absorption configuration of the molecule, the interaction strength between the SC tip and the charged TCNQ molecule can be reversibly controlled by tuning the tip-sample distance. The controlled transition from one coupling regime to the other allows us to verify the relation between the energy scales of the two competing many-body effects for the functionalized tip. Quenching the SC state of the Nb tip with a magnetic field switches abruptly from a tip dominated by the YSR bound states to a Kondo tip.

Dispersal of Ralstonia spp. cells by water and contaminated plant material and the importance of weeds as inoculum sources have been poorly investigated. Water of rivers, soil from fields of diverse crops and areas of natural vegetation both from the Amazônia, Cerrado and Mata Atlântica biomes, besides soil of the rhizosphere of weeds present in tomato fields with records of bacterial wilt were sampled and analyzed to detect Ralstonia spp. Seeds of tomato plants artificially and naturally infected with Ralstonia spp. were also processed. All samples were enriched a priori in selective medium South Africa (SMSA) and colonies were isolated in plates containing solid SMSA. Detection of Ralstonia spp. was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. The Co – operational PCR (CO-PCR) was also used to detect Ralstonia spp. Colonies were obtained from soil samples and from a commercial substrate sample. Five soil samples from eggplant fields, one from coffee field, one substrate from potato seed tuber production, two soil samples from the rhizosphere of Amaranthus spp., one from Bidens pilosa and one from Solanum americanum tested positive for Ralstonia spp. Besides these soil samples, five water samples of rivers were positive for CO-PCR detection: two samples from Amazônia, one from Cerrado and two samples from irrigation water collected from tomato fields located in the Mata Atlântica biome. Ralstonia spp. were not detected in tomato seeds. These results revealed potential inoculum sources, especially weeds, in areas with historical records of bacterial wilt. Additionally, rivers may act as dispersal agents of inoculum of Ralstonia spp.

The activation of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes stimulates the production of eumelanin. A tridecapeptide α melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH) is known to induce skin pigmentation.We characterised the properties of a novel oral MC1R agonist dersimelagon (MT-7117) with respect to its specific binding to MC1R, downstream signalling and eumelanin production in experimental models.The competitive binding and production of intracellular cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate in cells expressing recombinant melanocortin receptors were examined. A mouse melanoma cell line B16F1 was used for the evaluation of in vitro melanin production. The in vitro activity of MT-7117 was determined with αMSH and [NleMT-7117 showed the highest affinity for human MC1R compared to the other melanocortin receptors evaluated and agonistic activity for human, cynomolgus monkey and mouse MC1R, with ECMT-7117 is a novel oral MC1R agonist that induces melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential application for the prevention of phototoxic reactions in patients with photodermatoses, such as erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria.

Background Various rating tools aim to assess simulation debriefing quality, but their use may be limited by complexity and subjectivity. The Debriefing Assessment in Real Time (DART) tool represents an alternative debriefing aid that uses quantitative measures to estimate quality and requires minimal training to use. The DART is uses a cumulative tally of instructor questions (IQ), instructor statements (IS) and trainee responses (TR). Ratios for IQ:IS and TR:[IQ + IS] may estimate the level of debriefer inclusivity and participant engagement. Methods Experienced faculty from four geographically disparate university-affiliated simulation centers rated video-based debriefings and a transcript using the DART. The primary endpoint was an assessment of the estimated reliability of the tool. The small sample size confined analysis to descriptive statistics and coefficient of variations (CV%) as an estimate of reliability. Results Ratings for Video A (n = 7), Video B (n = 6), and Transcript A (n = 6) demonstrated mean CV% for IQ (27.8%), IS (39.5%), TR (34.8%), IQ:IS (40.8%), and TR:[IQ + IS] (28.0%). Higher CV% observed in IS and TR may be attributable to rater characterizations of longer contributions as either lumped or split. Lower variances in IQ and TR:[IQ + IS] suggest overall consistency regardless of scores being lumped or split. Conclusion The DART tool appears to be reliable for the recording of data which may be useful for informing feedback to debriefers. Future studies should assess reliability in a wider pool of debriefings and examine potential uses in faculty development.

Introduction/Background* High-risk locally advanced cervical cancer has a poor prognosis, and more than half of patients recur in 2 years. External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with concurrent chemotherapy followed by brachytherapy is the standard of care for locally advanced cervical cancer. The immunostimulatory activity of the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab may be enhanced by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). After the KEYNOTE-158 study, in which pembrolizumab showed durable antitumor activity, pembrolizumab monotherapy was approved for patients with PD-L1–positive recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer who progressed during or after chemotherapy. ENGOT-cx11/GOG 3047/KEYNOTE-A18 (NCT04221945) is a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluating pembrolizumab with CCRT for the treatment of high-risk, locally advanced cervical cancer. Methodology Approximately 980 patients with high-risk (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2014 stage IB2-IIB with node-positive disease or stage III-IVA), locally advanced, histologically confirmed cervical cancer who have not received systemic therapy, immunotherapy, definitive surgery, or radiation will be randomized 1:1 to receive either 5 cycles of pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks (Q3W) + CCRT followed by 15 cycles of pembrolizumab 400 mg Q6W or 5 cycles of placebo Q3W + CCRT followed by 15 cycles of placebo Q6W. CCRT includes 5 cycles (optional 6th dose) of cisplatin 40 mg/m2 Q1W + EBRT followed by brachytherapy. Randomization is stratified by planned EBRT type (intensity-modulated radiotherapy [IMRT] or volumetric-modulated arc therapy [VMAT] vs non-IMRT or non-VMAT), cancer stage at screening (stage IB2-IIB vs III-IVA), and planned total radiotherapy dose. Treatment will continue until the patient has received 20 cycles of pembrolizumab (5 cycles 200 mg Q3W, 15 cycles 400 mg Q6W) vs placebo (~2 years) or until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. Primary endpoints are progression-free survival (PFS) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 by investigator and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints include PFS by blinded independent central review, PFS at 2 years, OS at 3 years, complete response at 12 weeks, objective response rate, PFS and OS by PD-L1 status, quality of life, and safety. Enrolment began May 2020 and is planned for 193 sites in 30 countries. Klikněte nebo klepněte sem a zadejte text.

We show that a certain simply-stated notion of "analytic completeness" of the image of a real analytic map implies the map admits no analytic extension. We also give a useful criterion for that notion of analytic completeness by defining arc-properness of continuous maps, which can be considered as a very weak version of properness. As an application, we judge the analytic completeness of a certain class of constant mean curvature surfaces (the so-called "G-catenoids") or their analytic extensions in the de Sitter 3-space., 32 pages, 6 figures