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With the increment of cable length, long stay cables are prone to experience high-mode vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) at normal wind velocities, and the VIV-prone mode range also becomes wider. Existing dampers cannot supply sufficient damping for such a wide range of high-modes. Inerter-based dampers (IBDs), which take advantage of the two-terminal inertial device dubbed inerter, have been proved to have a better control performance than conventional dampers. However, existing studies on IBDs only focused on the first several cable modes, which cannot cover the wide range of VIV-prone modes of long stay cables. The high-mode and multi-mode VIV control by using IBDs is investigated in this study. The governing equations of the cable-IBD systems under VIV are first established. The control efficiency of the IBDs and the influence of optimum design strategies are compared. The use of two IBDs to further enhance the control efficiency is also discussed. The results show that a three-element IBD in this study is quite effective for high-mode and multi-mode VIV control of long stay cables. Moreover, the multi-mode control efficiency can be further improved through using two IBDs. The results in this study can guide the design of IBDs for VIV control of long stay cables.

Background: Preterm birth is associated with an increased risk of many complications, which is a main public health problem worldwide with social and economic consequences. Human milk from breast feeding has been proved to be the optimal nutrition strategy for preterm infants when available. However, the lack of human milk from mothers makes formula widely used in clinical practice. In recent years, donated breast milk has gained popularity as an alternative choice which can provide human milk oligosaccharides and other bioactive substances. Objective: We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the nutritional effects of donated breast milk on preterm infants compared with formula. Method: In the present study, we searched Medline, Web of Science, Embase, clinicaltrials.gov, the China national knowledge infrastructure, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials for candidate randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results: A total of 1390 patients were enrolled in 11 RCTs and meta-analysis results showed that donated breast milk is also more advantageous in reducing the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC, RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48 to 0.93, p = 0.02), reducing the duration of parenteral nutrition (MD = −2.39, 95% CI = −3.66 to −1.13, p = 0.0002) and the time of full enteral feeding (MD = −0.33, 95% CI = −3.23 to 2.57, p = 0.0002). In comparison, formula significantly promotes the growth of premature infants, including their weight gain (MD = −3.45, 95% CI = −3.68 to −3.21, p < 0.00001), head growth (MD = −0.07, 95% CI = −0.08 to −0.06, p < 0.00001) and body length (MD = −0.13, 95% CI = −0.15 to −0.11, p < 0.00001), and reduces the time it takes for premature infants to regain birth weight (MD = 6.60, 95% CI = 6.11 to 7.08, p < 0.00001. Conclusion: Compared with formula, donated breast milk could significantly reduce the incidence of NEC, the duration of parenteral nutrition, and the time of full enteral feeding. Adding fortifiers in donated milk could make it as effective as formula in promoting the physical growth of premature infants.