Search

Abstract Background Though the survival benefit of primary tumor operation for patients with signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach is known, the specific characteristics of those patients who would profit from the operation are yet to be determined. To this end, a predictive model was developed to identify the conjecture that the survival profit from primary tumor operation would only be obtained by patients. Method The clinical data of the patients with signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, and then divided into operation and no-operation groups based on whether the patients underwent the primary tumor operation. To remove the confounding factors, propensity score matching was employed, and it was hypothesized that the patients who had been operated on and lived a longer life than the median cancer-specific survival time of those who hadn’t must have profited from the surgery. To discuss the independent factors of cancer-specific survival time in the beneficial group and the non-beneficial group, the Cox model was used, and based on the various vital predictive factors, a nomogram was drawn using logistic regression. Result The number of eligible patients was 12,484, with 43.9% (5483) of them having received surgery. After employing propensity score matching, the cancer-specific survival time of the operation group was found to be apparently longer (median: 21 vs. 5 months; p < 0.001) than the no-operation group. In the operation group, 4757 (86.7%) of the patients lived longer than five months (beneficial group). The six indexes (beneficial and non-beneficial group) included gender, age, Tumor Node Metastasis stage, histologic type, differentiation grade, and tumor position, and were used as predictors to draw the nomogram. The nomogram was used to divide the patients who had taken operations into two groups: the beneficial operation group and the non-beneficial operation group. The beneficial operation group, it was found, survived longer than the non-beneficial operation group (median cancer-specific survival time: 28 vs. 3 months, p < 0.001). Moreover, there was we could tell little difference in survival between the two groups (median cancer-specific survival time: 3 vs. 5 months). Conclusions The predictive model created to select suitable candidates for surgical treatment from patients with signet ring carcinoma of the stomach could be adopted to identify certain patients benefiting from the primary tumor operation.

BackgroundWhile the relationship between blood pressure and blood lead has been studied more extensively, the effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration on this relationship remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of HDL concentration on the relationship between blood lead and blood pressure.MethodsThe research used cross-sectional data from the 2005 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included 16,451 participants aged 20–60 years. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the correlation among blood lead, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). HDL concentration was determined by low HDL concentration (≤ 49 mg/dl) and high HDL concentration (>49 mg/dl) stratified. The effect of HDL concentration was assessed by an interaction test between blood lead and SBP in multivariable linear regression.ResultsIn this cross-sectional research, we identified a positive correlation between blood lead and SBP, but not DBP. The relationship between blood lead and SBP was different in the group with low and high HDL concentrations (β: 0.21 95% Cl:−0.05-0.46 vs. β:0.47 95% Cl: 0.15-0.79). In addition, high HDL significantly altered the positive correlation between blood lead and SBP (P-value of interaction < 0.001).ConclusionThe study suggests an interaction between HDL and blood lead in elevating SBP, which may have important clinical implications.