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Este artigo veicula uma análise das trajetórias de desenvolvimento da Agricultura Natural no Brasil. Esta última é apoiada por diferentes organizações ligadas à Igreja Messiânica Mundial do Brasil, que consideram seu desenvolvimento como necessário para o advento do “Paraíso na Terra”, ou seja um mundo “sem doença, sem pobreza e sem conflito”, tal como projetado por Mokiti Okada, fundador deste movimento filosófico religioso nos anos 1930, no Japão. Seguindo os passos da filósofa Emilie Hache, este caso é abordado como uma potencial resposta prática à crise ecológica contemporânea, concebida como sendo simultaneamente de origem moral, política e epistemológica. O artigo destaca as trajetórias evolutivas muito diferentes dos dois principais sistemas de atividade agrícola desenvolvidos pelo movimento (horticultura e avicultura). Com efeito, ambos conhecem o mesmo conjunto de tensões, entre identidade do movimento e exigências religiosas, por um lado, e imperativos de desempenho técnico e financeiro, por outro. Essas tensões são resolvidas de formas muito diferentes em virtude das especificidades da horticultura e da avicultura no seio da Agricultura Natural. A análise permite assim sublinhar as contribuições e os limites desta dinâmica, mas também seu alcance muito além de suas próprias fronteiras, revelando o interesse que uma experimentação moral e política de natureza ecológica deste tipo representa para abordar as questões de desenvolvimento sustentável. elocation-id: e2230104 Recebido: 13.08.2021 • Aceito: 08.02.2022 • Publicado: 23.02.2022 Artigo original / Revisão por pares cega / Acesso aberto

This text is a testimony; that of a university member, an ethnoecologist, wondering about the implications of the growing ecological emergency on his research practices. It is the account of a personal path marked by a call to do research with people and not only about them. It is also the expression of a will to explore different ways to know and act in the world in view to strengthen our ability to face the ecological crisis. Finally, it is the expression of a need for an epistemological break, which could lead to question knowledge processes and make this collaborative perspective possible. The answers I provide here are just as situated and unfinished as the ones developed by my research partners on the field. In this respect, they do not claim to affirm what ethnoecology should be; they merely illustrate the way in which I am trying today, with the available resources, to respond to this call for response-ability, emerging both from the field and from the classrooms where I teach.

Abstract Objectives To characterise the motion of pulmonary tumours during stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and to evaluate different margins when creating the planning target volume (PTV) on a single 4D CT scan (4DCT). Methods We conducted a retrospective single-site analysis on 30 patients undergoing lung SBRT. Two 4DCTs (4DCT1 and 4DCT2) were performed on all patients. First, motion was recorded for each 4DCT in anterior–posterior (AP), superior-inferior (SI) and rightleft (RL) directions. Then, we used 3 different margins (3,4 and 5 mm) to create the PTV, from the internal target volume (ITV) of 4DCT1 only (PTV D1 + 3, PTV D1 + 4, PTV D1 + 5). We compared, using the Dice coefficient, the volumes of these 3 PTVs, to the PTV actually used for the treatment (PTVttt). Finally, new treatment plans were calculated using only these 3 PTVs. We studied the ratio of the D2%, D50% and D98% between each new plan and the plan actually used for the treatment (D2% PTVttt, D50% PTVttt, D50% ITVttt D98% PTVttt). Results 30 lesions were studied. The greatest motion was observed in the SI axis (8.8 ± 6.6 [0.4–25.8] mm). The Dice index was higher when comparing PTVttt to PTV D1 + 4 mm (0.89 ± 0.04 [0.82–0.98]). Large differences were observed when comparing plans relative to PTVttt and PTV D1 + 3 for D98% PTVttt (0.85 ± 0.24 [0.19–1.00]). and also for D98% ITVttt (0.93 ± 0.12 [0.4–1.0]).D98% PTVttt (0.85 ± 0.24 [0.19–1.00], p value = 0.003) was statistically different when comparing plans relative to PTVttt and PTV D1 + 3. No stastistically differences were observed when comparing plans relative to PTVttt and PTV D1 + 4. A difference greater than 10% relative to D98% PTVttt was found for only in one UL lesion, located under the carina. Conclusion A single 4DCT appears feasible for upper lobe lesions located above the carina, using a 4-mm margin to generate the PTV. Advance in knowledge Propostion of a personalized SBRT treatment (number of 4DCT, margins) according to tumor location (above or under the carina).

BackgroundTelemedicine is currently being adopted for the management of patients in routine care. However, its use remains limited in the context of clinical trials. ObjectiveThis study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of telemonitoring and patient-reported outcomes collection in the context of clinical trials. MethodsThe patients who were included in an interventional oncology clinical trial were eligible. The patients were registered with a digital tool to respond to a patient-reported outcomes questionnaire (ePRO) based on CTCAE (The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, National Cancer Institute), version 5.0, personalized to their pathology and treatment. An algorithm evaluated the health status of the patient based on the reported adverse events, with a classification in 4 different states (correct, compromise, state to be monitored, or critical state). The main objective was to evaluate the feasibility of remote monitoring via a connected platform of patients included in a clinical trial. ResultsFrom July 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021, 39 patients were included. The median age was 71 years (range 41-94); 74% (n=29) were male, and 59% (n=23) had metastatic disease. Out of the 969 ePRO questionnaires completed over the course of the study, 77.0% (n=746) were classified as “correct,” 10.9% (n=106) as “compromised,” and 12.1% (n=117) as “to be monitored” or “critical.” The median response time was 7 days (IQR 7-15.5), and 76% (25/33) of the patients were compliant. Out of the 35 patients who answered a satisfaction questionnaire, 95% (n=33) were satisfied or very satisfied with the tool, and 85% (n=30) were satisfied with their relationship with the health care team. There were 5 unscheduled hospitalizations during the study period. ConclusionsRemote monitoring in clinical trials is feasible, with a high level of patient participation and satisfaction. It benefits patients, but it also ensures the high quality of the trial through the early management of adverse events and better knowledge of the tolerance profile of experimental treatments. This e-technology will likely be deployed more widely in our clinical trials.

The existence of multiple perspectives and representations of different stakeholders poses critical challenges to conservation initiatives worldwide. Thus, to foster more just and sustainable agendas in protected areas (PAs), this diversity of perspectives must be better understood, acknowledged, and tackled. In this article, we aimed to initiate this understanding for the Makay region in Madagascar, a poorly-known region where a 'New Protected Area' has been gazetted. In combining mental models and social representation theory, we explored different stakeholders' perspectives about the Makay social-ecological system, and how differences in stakeholders' viewpoints could challenge the success of an inclusive, just, and sustainable conservation program. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 32 respondents having different expertise on the Makay. During interviews, respondents were guided towards the elicitation of their individual cognitive map (ICM) of the Makay social-ecological system. ICMs were then analyzed in combining quantitative and qualitative. Respondents described the Makay through a total of 162 components, including 51 components that constituted the central zone of the Makay's representation. In particular, respondents pointed to insecurity issues caused by zebu thieves, as well as to environmental challenges relative to anthropogenic fires and hunting. On the contrary, they considered mining activities and timber harvesting as more peripheral problems. Through a multivariate clustering analysis, we discriminated two clusters of respondents with contrasting visions about the Makay, ecocentric vs. social-ecological, which was largely influenced by respondents' background. In comparing the two clusters' representations, we found that they had dissimilar diagnoses about key socio-environmental challenges in the Makay and how to address them. This ambiguity in respondents' viewpoints stresses the need to increase research efforts in the Makay region to fill current knowledge gaps about this poorly known social-ecological system, and to foster social learning between stakeholders concerned by the Makay new PA.