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A growing number of sport consumer behavior scholars have been employing experimental methods, especially because experiments allow researchers to gain a better understanding of causal inferences by examining controlled conditions. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to offer the current state of the adoption of experimental methods in sport consumer behavior research and (2) to discuss and highlight best practices that scholars can use when considering experimental designs. More specifically, we discuss methodological gaps existing in sport consumer behavior research by reviewing published sport consumer behavior articles in a content analysis. We also provide considerations to improve validity of empirical findings and outline the characteristics of well-designed experiments and how they can help advance theory development in the field. Ultimately, we offer practical recommendations and guidance to researchers wishing to use experiments in a wide array of research topics within sport consumer behavior.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)-linked sport sponsorships attract attention from sport marketing professionals and scholars alike. Th e purpose of this research was to examine how the effectiveness of a CSR-linked sponsorship varies depending upon the sponsor’s commitment to the CSR program. Th e results of our experiment showed that a CSR-linked sponsorship could hurt consumers’ fi t perception if the sponsor shows only minimum commitment to the cause. We also found that a CSR-linked sponsorship is more effective than a standard sponsorship in inducing consumers’ positive attitudes toward the sponsor and word-of-mouth intentions only if the sponsor is strongly committed to the CSR program. Finally, our mediation analysis revealed that strong commitment to the CSR-linked sponsorship indirectly increases consumers’ word-of mouth intentions through enhanced fi t perception and attitude toward the sponsor. Therefore, sports organizations and their sponsors should incorporate CSR into their sponsorship only if they can be strongly committed to the program.

he aim of the current research was to identify consumer needs that significantly influenced daily fantasy sports (DFS) consumption. Specifically, we sought to predict DFS participation intention and information search. Existence, relatedness, and growth (ERG) theory and self-determination theory (SDT) served as theoretical inspirations for need selection. Th e needs included were needs for autonomy, arousal, uniqueness, status, achievement, competence, and relatedness. The results of the current study indicate that autonomy and achievement needs are important for DFS consumers. Additionally, highly involved DFS participants are more likely to be driven by needs competence, while low involvement players showed relatively higher level of needs for arousal and uniqueness drove their DFS participation intention. These results from our model can be used by industry professionals in the DFS space to better understand the consumer needs and develop effective market strategies within daily fantasy sports.

Deep learning-based MRI reconstruction has recently been introduced to improve image quality. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of deep learning reconstruction in pediatric brain MRI.A total of 107 consecutive children who underwent 3.0 T brain MRI were included in this study. T2-weighted brain MRI was reconstructed using the three different reconstruction modes: deep learning reconstruction, conventional reconstruction with an intensity filter, and original T2 image without a filter. Two pediatric radiologists independently evaluated the following image quality parameters of three reconstructed images on a 5-point scale: overall image quality, image noisiness, sharpness of gray-white matter differentiation, truncation artifact, motion artifact, cerebrospinal fluid and vascular pulsation artifacts, and lesion conspicuity. The subjective image quality parameters were compared among the three reconstruction modes. Quantitative analysis of the signal uniformity using the coefficient of variation was performed for each reconstruction.The overall image quality, noisiness, and gray-white matter sharpness were significantly better with deep learning reconstruction than with conventional or original reconstruction (all P 0.001). Deep learning reconstruction had significantly fewer truncation artifacts than the other two reconstructions (all P 0.001). Motion and pulsation artifacts showed no significant differences among the three reconstruction modes. For 36 lesions in 107 patients, lesion conspicuity was better with deep learning reconstruction than original reconstruction. Deep learning reconstruction showed lower signal variation compared to conventional and original reconstructions.Deep learning reconstruction can reduce noise and truncation artifacts and improve lesion conspicuity and overall image quality in pediatric T2-weighted brain MRI.

South Korea has developed its first Para Report Card on physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents with disabilities. Five national surveillance databases were used to evaluate PA indicators based on the benchmarks and grading rubric provided by Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. Report card evaluation committees were invited to grade and assess the results using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis. Five indicators (overall PA, D+; organized sports and PA, D−; active transportation, D−; physical fitness, D+; and government, A+) and one additional indicator (sleep, C−) were assigned a letter grade. The other five indicators were graded as incomplete. The Para Report Card revealed a significant gap between the behavioral-indicator grades (D− to D+) and the policy-indicator grade (A+), suggesting that government strategies and investment have not yet been translated into behavioral PA among children and adolescents with disabilities.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to apply the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to understand physical activity intentions and behaviors among Korean breast cancer survivors.Methods: A total of 286 Korean breast cancer survivors (Mage52.3±8.3) completed a self-reported survey administered face-to-face by a trained interviewer. The survey assessed the physical activity frequency and intensity in a typical week after breast cancer diagnosis, demographic factors, and theory of planned behavior variables including attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (PBC), planning, and intentions to participate in physical activity. We used structural equation modeling to examine the direct and indirect effects of the TPB variables on physical activity intentions and behavior. Covariates included age, cancer stage, and clinical treatment.Results: Confirmatory factor analyses indicated a satisfactory model fit. We observed direct effects for instrumental attitude (ß=0.34, pConclusion: The TPB was a useful model for understanding Korean breast cancer survivors’ physical activity intentions and behavior. Interventions that can enhance attitudes, subjective norm, PBC, intention, and planning may facilitate physical activity intentions and behaviors in this population.

Although empirical evidence indicates that sport media consumption has a positive effect on sport consumers’ subjective well-being (SWB), there is little information regarding how these enhancements in SWB change over time. Th e current research demonstrates that less identified sport consumers experienced greater levels of purpose in life when it was measured right after they recalled their past sport media consumption than when it was measured aft er a 15-minute delay. Meanwhile, the level of purpose in life was similar for highly identified sport consumers whether it was measured right aft er recalling past sport media consumption or aft er a 15-minute delay. On the basis of a moderated mediation test, we further demonstrate that highly identified sport consumers experience a greater degree of eudaimonic value aft er recalling past sport media consumption, which delays hedonic adaptation among them. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed as they relate to SWB and hedonic adaptation.

For two-dimensional electron gas device applications, it is important to understand how electrical-transport properties are controlled by gate voltage. Here, we report gate voltage-controllable hysteresis in the resistance-temperature characteristics of two-dimensional electron gas at LaAlO

As a quest for two-dimensional conducting interface with exotic functionalities for future electronic devices, the perovskite heterointerface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) has been intensively studied. For the LAO/STO heterostructure, the critical thickness of the LAO layer for metallic conduction is 4 unit cells (uc) according to the polar catastrophe scenario. However, we find that metallic conduction can also be induced at the LAO/STO interface with only 1 uc of LAO, as long as it is capped by 3 or more uc of STO. Consistent results are obtained from density functional theory calculations. For this STO/LAO/STO trilayer, we also confirmed a peculiar non-BCS-type superconductivity with a suppressed superconducting gap, which may imply a superconducting coupling distinct from previously reported BCS-type superconductivity in LAO/STO heterointerface. These observations suggest that the STO/LAO/STO trilayer can be another testing board to explore carrier conduction in two-dimensional electron systems for electronic device applications utilizing exotic functionalities.