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The present work describes the synthesis of new terpyridine (tpy) molecules possessing functionalized long alkyl chains at the 4'-position associated with a planar structure with considerable delocalization. Out of the three synthesized tpy derivatives (L1, L2, and L3), L2 containing an ester group at the end of the alkyl chain emerged as an excellent probe for the selective detection of Zn 2+ . The detection of Zn 2+ ions under biological conditions was achieved by the introduction of a distinct aliphatic undecanoic ester chain at the 4'-position of the core terpyridine ring, thereby making it more lipophilic. The increased lipophilicity aids in the probe performance by enabling precise Zn 2+ detection and bioimaging. The bioimaging capability of the probe L2 for Zn 2+ ions was demonstrated in ICG cell lines. The RGB method was integrated into the detection process, making it portable and low-cost. The LODs were determined to be 106 and 115 nM, respectively, for the solution-phase and test paper strips. The probe L2 was successfully utilized to determine Zn 2+ levels in pharmaceutical and water samples.

N-acyltaurines (NATs) are biologically active amphiphilic lipids. They come under the group of compounds known as N-acyl amino acids. NATs were first detected in the brain and other tissues in mice lacking the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase FAAH (-/-). N-arachidonoyltaurine (20:4 NAT) acts as an excellent ligand for the subset of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, especially vanilloid type channels TRPV1 and TRPV4. Also, hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of NATs enable them to interact with membrane lipids. Here, we have investigated the interaction of NATs, N-myristoyltaurine (NMT), and N-palmitoyltaurine (NPT) with their corresponding diacyl phosphatidylcholines (PCs), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), and dipalmitoylphosphatidylchoine (DPPC). The miscibility and phase behavior of the hydrated binary mixtures have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Studies on the interaction of NMT/NPT with DMPC/DPPC revealed that the two amphiphiles mix well up to 50 mol% of NAT and phase separation is observed at higher contents of the NAT. The phase transition of the equimolar mixtures of NAT:PC (50:50) studied by fluorescence, also supported the DSC results. PXRD and FTIR analysis show that the NAT:PC equimolar mixture (50:50) forms different supramolecular structures when compared to that of individual NATs and PCs. From transmission electron microscopic studies it is observed that the equimolar mixtures of NMT and NPT with their corresponding diacylphosphatidylcholines (50:50, mol/mol) forms unilamellar vesicles whose diameter range between 30 and 50 nm., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The phosphorylated histone variant, γ-H2AX, is known to play a key role in DNA damage repair. However, the clinical significance of H2AX mRNA expression in breast cancer remains unclear. Utilizing a bioinformatical approach, a total of 3594 breast cancer patients with clinical and transcriptomic data were investigated. Bioinformatical analysis showed that high expression of H2AX is associated with worse disease-free, disease-specific, and overall survival consistently in two independent cohorts. High H2AX expressing tumors were associated with upregulated DNA repair gene sets. Although H2AX was not predictive of chemotherapy response, it was significantly downregulated after effective chemotherapy or radio-chemotherapy. Notably, tumors with high H2AX expression were enriched for DNA replication and MYC targets gene sets, and associated with increased MKI67 expression, suggesting alterations in cell proliferation machinery. H2AX knockdown cells showed decreased cell proliferation as compared to the control cells. Finally, H2AX mRNA expression was higher in the metastatic clones as compared to the parental cells and in the metastatic tumors as compared to the primary tumors in patients, with higher H2AX mRNA expression found in advanced stage cancer patients. In conclusion, high H2AX mRNA expression is associated with increased DNA repair, cell proliferation, metastasis, and worse survival in breast cancer patients., Competing Interests: None., (AJCR Copyright © 2022.)