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Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult.f.) Backer and Guadua angustifolia Kunth are cultivated in Costa Rica for their commercial benefits, and their application in different constructions projects. G. angustifolia has two varieties: the Caribe and the South varieties. Existing knowledge of the variation in culm properties of these two varieties and the differences between the two species is limited. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of G. angustifolia varieties and D. asper planted at various heights at the same site in the Atlantic Region of Costa Rica. Some properties exhibited statistical differences between species, but almost no properties of the two varieties of G. angustifolia differed significantly. D. asper exhibited the highest levels of moisture content, specific gravity, density, parameters of flexion test, tension stress, diameter, area and frequency of bundles specifically from base to 25% of height, although beyond this height, no significant differences were observed between species. Regarding the two varieties of G. angustifolia, external and internal diameters, wall thickness culm, moisture content, specific gravity, density, parameters of flexion test, tension stress, diameter, area, and frequency of bundles showed no statistical differences. These results indicate that the differences observed in the two varieties of G. angustifolia may be attributable to the adaptation of the species to distinct soil and climate conditions for growth. When the two varieties were planted at the same site, no differences were observed.