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AimBibliometric and data visualization methods were used to identify the current status, key areas, and emerging frontiers in ropivacaine research.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science database for publications related to ropivacaine published from 2000 to 2023. The publication types were limited to original articles and reviews. We utilized CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the online bibliometric platform1 to visualize and analyze the collected data.ResultsA total of 4,147 publications related to ropivacaine were identified, with a consistent growth in annual publications over time. The United States emerged as the most influential country in the field of ropivacaine research, and ranked first in the annual number of publications until 2014. China surpassed the United States in the number of publications for the first time in 2015 and has remained in first place ever since. Of all the research institutions in the field of ropivacaine, University of Copenhagen in Denmark exhibited the highest impact. Brian M. Ilfeld and Casati A were identified as the most influential authors. The leading researchers in this field primarily focused their publications on continuous nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia and ultrasound-guided nerve block techniques. An analysis of reference co-citation clustering revealed 18 distinct research clusters, with current hotspots including erector spinae plane block, dexmedetomidine, quadratus lumborum block, labor analgesia, and mitochondrial respiration. Additionally, keywords analysis indicated that “dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant in nerve blocks” currently represents a research hotspot in the field of ropivacaine.ConclusionThis bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the research landscape in ropivacaine. It reveals research trends in this field and emerging areas for future investigations. Notably, the application of ropivacaine in nerve blocks is a prominent focus in current research, with a particular emphasis on its combination with dexmedetomidine.

When the coal mine passes through the overlying coal pillars in close proximity to the coal seam, the superposition of dynamic and static loads induces strong mining pressure, leading to deformation and instability of the coal pillars in the section, resulting in casualties and equipment damage. In order to explore the real-time monitoring of deformation and development characteristics of coal pillars in sections based on fiber Bragg grating, and analyze the mechanism of rock pressure manifestation in the stage of entering and exiting residual coal pillars, the optical measurement methods of FBG and grating stress meters are combined with on-site measurement to study the spatial distribution law of coal pillar strain and the time-domain response characteristics of internal strain of coal pillars in front of the working face during the mining process, Feasibility study on verifying the optical measurement method for observing the strain level of coal bodies. The results indicate that during the process of mining the overlying coal pillars, the roof of the section coal pillars is affected by concentrated stress, and the upper rock block is broken and rotated, resulting in an increase in the load on the coal pillars. As the working face advances, the overlying rock fracture further propagates upwards, and the key layer fracture recurs, causing pressure on the working face. The overlying rock rotates downward, ultimately leading to deformation and instability of the section coal pillars. Based on the amplitude of on-site grating strain increment, the severity of local deformation inside the coal pillar is determined. Under the influence of concentrated stress, the maximum strength that occurs during the deformation of the section coal pillar is 650 με on the left and right sides, the concentrated stress in the overlying strata causes the peak horizontal strain of the coal pillar to be located at the 11.5 m position of the coal pillar width. The strain along the width direction of the coal pillar shows a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, and then stabilizing. The internal strain field has an impact range of about 5 m during the mining process. A comprehensive study is conducted on the characteristics and laws of deformation and instability of coal pillars in the section caused by strain when the mining face passes through the overlying coal pillars. Combined with changes in strain level and physical and mechanical properties of the coal pillars, the precursor characteristics of coal pillar failure are obtained. Before reaching the peak deformation under external force, safety measures are taken to relieve pressure and protect the coal pillars before lifting them.

Abstract The characteristics of floor failure and stress changes during the mining process of protective layers are crucial for determining the effectiveness of pressure relief. Three boreholes were designed in the 21104 fully mechanized mining face of Hulusu Coal Mine to implant optical fibers into the floor of the working face. A fiber optic monitoring system was established to monitor the dynamic evolution of stress in the floor rock mass at different mining distances. Based on the information entropy in information theory, the monitoring results in the fiber optic monitoring system are calculated to obtain the stress information entropy at different mining distances. A quantitative dynamic analysis is conducted on the stress change process of the mining floor rock layer, and the stress change law of the protective layer after mining is verified through numerical calculation and similar simulation experiments. The results indicate that the evolution of stress information entropy can be divided into four stages, namely the original rock stress stage, stress concentration stage, stress release stage, and stress recovery stage. The stress information entropy shows a fluctuating upward trend, indicating that coal seam mining leads to a decrease in the orderliness of the overlying rock system and an increase in disorder. In different spatial evolution processes, there are also significant differences in stress information entropy. In the vertical direction, the entropy value of shallow rock layers changes greatly, while the entropy value of deep rock layers changes slightly. Mining leads to a decrease in the orderliness of the entire overlying rock system, an increase in stress information entropy, and a fluctuating upward trend in stress information entropy. The information entropy of overlying rock deformation and re compaction increases, but the degree of change of the former is greater than that of the latter. The Brillouin fiber optic sensing technology provides a new method for monitoring the stress changes in the protective layer mining floor, achieving quantitative analysis of floor rock failure.

The mining face under the close coal seam group is affected by the superposition of the concentrated stress of the overlying residual diagonally intersecting coal pillar and the mining stress, which can easily cause the instability and damage of the section coal pillars during the process of mining back to the downward face. Additionally, the traditional methods of monitoring such as numerical simulation, drilling peeping, and acoustic emission fail to realize the real-time and accurate deformation monitoring of the internal deformation of the section coal pillars. The introduction of the drill-hole-implanted fiber-optic grating monitoring method can realize real-time deformation monitoring for the whole area inside the coal pillar, which solves the short board problem of coal pillar deformation monitoring. However, fiber-optic monitoring is easily disturbed by the external environment, which is especially sensitive to the background noise of the complex underground mining environment. Therefore, taking the live chicken and rabbit well of Shaanxi Daliuta Coal Mine as the engineering background, the ensemble empirical modal decomposition (EEMD) is introduced for primary noise reduction and signal reconstruction by the threshold determination (DE) algorithm, and then the singular matrix decomposition (SVD) is introduced for secondary noise reduction. Finally, a machine learning algorithm is combined with the noise reduction algorithm for the prediction of the fiber grating strain signals of coal pillar in a zone, and DBO-LSTM-BP is constructed as the prediction model. The experimental results demonstrate that compared with the other two noise reduction prediction models, the SNR of the EEMD-DE-SVD-DBO-LSTM-BP model is improved by 0.8–2.3 dB on average, and the prediction accuracy is in the range of 88–99%, which realizes the over-advanced prediction of the deformation state of the coal column in the section.

Abstract In this paper, we present a channel estimation approach based on deep learning to solve the problem that the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system channel estimation algorithm cannot accurately obtain the channel state information in the complex environment of the mine, resulting in system performance degradation. First, LS channel estimation matrix is considered as a low-resolution image and the actual channel state information is considered as a high-resolution image. Then the optimization of the LS channel estimation matrix is achieved by the FSRCNN image super-resolution algorithm. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by conducting experiments in different channel environments, different number of pilots, and mismatched signal-to-noise ratio scenarios. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is much better than the traditional LS channel estimation method and the DFT-LS channel estimation method, and the accuracy of the proposed scheme approaches that of the MMSE channel estimation method when the number of pilots is low.

Abstract The Baijigou Coal Mine in Helan mountain mining area is alpine gully landform, and the double key stratums are cut by the gully. A two-dimensional physical similarity model under this condition was established in the laboratory. The strain field, deformation field and pressure field of the model are jointly and accurately monitored by BOTDA, DIC and pressure sensors. The rock behavior in shallow coal seam mining under bedrock gullies are studied. In the mining stage under the gully, the deformation of overburden is intense because overburden is thin, and the surface is easy to form a depression basin. In the mining stage far away from the gully, the deformed rock mass lacks horizontal support in the process of deflecting to the lower goaf, and the movement rock is in a multilateral block. The multilateral block rock periodically deflects and rotates, resulting in the periodic deformation and break of the inferior key stratum. At the mining stage of away from the gully, nine times of roof weighting occurred. And there are large and small periodic weighting phenomenon with the average roof pressure concentration coefficient is 1.37. The distance between the peak point of advance abutment pressure and the coal wall is 6–18 cm, and the influence distance decreases with the advancing of the working face. The inferior key stratum has a significant impact on the weighting process and the weighting strength. In the mining stage under the mountaintop, large downward inclined tension crack is prone to produce in the slope on the side of the stope line, and the roof weighting is the most severe. In the mining stage close to the gully, the overburden falls in layers from bottom to top, and the overburden at the slope toe is prone to slip. At the mining stage under the mountaintop and close to the gully, five times of roof weighting occurred. And the roof weighting concentration coefficient is 1.46 on average. The distance between the peak point of advance abutment pressure and the coal wall is always kept at 6–16 cm, and the influence distance is 33–41 cm. The study can provide a reference for mining design and ensures safe and efficient mining in this condition.

High-quality, chromosome-scale genomes are essential for genomic analyses. Analyses, including 3D genomics, epigenetics, and comparative genomics rely on a high-quality genome assembly, which is often accomplished with the assistance of Hi-C data. Curation of genomes reveal that current Hi-C-assisted scaffolding algorithms either generate ordering and orientation errors or fail to assemble high-quality chromosome-level scaffolds. Here, we offer the software Puzzle Hi-C, which uses Hi-C reads to accurately assign contigs or scaffolds to chromosomes. Puzzle Hi-C uses the triangle region instead of the square region to count interactions in a Hi-C heatmap. This strategy dramatically diminishes scaffolding interference caused by long-range interactions. This software also introduces a dynamic, triangle window strategy during assembly. Initially small, the window expands with interactions to produce more effective clustering. Puzzle Hi-C outperforms available scaffolding tools.

The thickness of top coal is the main factor affecting the stability of the large cross section open-off cut under the goaf. The 1-2 lower 203 cross section open-off cut of the Huojitu Coal Mine was used as the background to investigate the top coal rational thickness of the large cross section open-off cut under the goaf in slicing mining. The top coal above the cut was simplified into a beam model to calculate its plastic zone range with the elastoplastic theory under the influence of the upper slicing mining and the lower slicing cut excavating. The deformation law of the top coal of the large cross section open-off cut under different top coal thicknesses was studied with both a simulation experiment and numerical simulation. The displacement, stress, and top coal structure of the surrounding rock of the cut were observed in situ using several observation methods. The results show that the plastic zone of the floor in the upper slicing face and the influence of the cut excavation are 2.02 m and 1.43 m, and the maximum plastic zone of the top coal is 3.45 m. A top coal thickness of more than 3.45 m is conducive to maintaining the stability of the large cross section open-off cut. The top coal of the cut can be divided into the roof-fall hazard zone and roof-fall warning zone according to the results monitored by distributed optical fiber. When the top coal thickness is 3.0 m, 3.5 m, and 4.0 m, the deformation law changes from an exponential deformation to a linear and then to a logarithmic relationship in the roof-fall hazard zone and from a linear to a logarithmic relationship in the roof-fall warning zone. When the thickness of top coal is 3.5 m and 4.0 m, the subsidence trend of the top coal visibly decreases, and the subsidence is only 56% and 39% of the subsidence of that of a thickness of 3 m. The deformation law of top coal measured using the DIC (Digital Image Correlation, DIC) is consistent with that of distributed optical fiber. The average thickness of the top coal reserved in the 1-2 lower 203 large cross section open-off cut is 4.0 m. The maximum surface subsidence of the top coal cut hole is 12 mm in the field monitoring. The maximum internal subsidence is 6 mm, and the maximum shed beam strain is –416 με. The deformation of the top coal is slight, indicating that the top coal thickness of 3.5–4.0 m is reasonable.

As one of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods, multi-directional forging (MDF) technology is an effective way to refine grains. The microstructure, texture evolution and mechanical properties of homogenized Mg–13Gd–4Y–2Zn–0.5Zr (wt. %) alloy during isothermal MDF process were synthetically investigated in the paper. The results showed that the mean grain size of the alloy decreased gradually with the MDF passes increased. After 4 passes, the average grain size of the alloy was refined to 2.7 μm, and the microstructure distribution was uniform. On the one hand, with the increasing of the MDF passes, the massive intergranular LPSO phases are gradually broken up and formed a deformation zone. The plate-like Mg5(Gd,Y) precipitates were located interior the grains. On the other hand, the spherical Mg5(Gd,Y) phases were randomly distributed with the increasing of MDF passes. In addition, the maximum texture intensity of the MDFed alloy on (0001) basal plane gradually was weaken from 15.993 of the 1MDFed alloy to 4.245 of the 4MDFed alloy, which was attributed to the increasing of volume fraction of dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains via MDF method. And the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanisms were continuous DRX (CDRX), discontinuous DRX (DDRX), particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) and kink induced DRX. The maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and tensile yield strength (TYS) after 4 passes were 385 MPa and 360 MPa respectively. The excellent mechanical properties of the alloy were owing to the grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening, texture strengthening and precipitation strengthening. In addition, the second phase particles such as lamellar LPSO phases, broken block-shaped LPSO phases, spherical Mg5(Gd,Y) phases and plate-like Mg5(Gd,Y) phases were demonstrated to be the strengthening phases.

Abstract The reserved thickness of top coal has an important influence on the stability of a large section open-off cut under gob in the thick seams slicing mining. The destabilization extremum conditions of the open-off cut top coal were derived from by elastic–plastic theory, and the optical fibre sensing technology was utilized to monitor the top coal deformation law with different thicknesses (3, 3.5, and 4 m) in the physical similar simulation experiment in the paper. The results show that the top coal thickness is greater than 3.4 m without tension cracks. In the vertical direction, the top coal of the large open-off cut is divided into mining and excavation disturbance zones under the influence of the upper slice coal mining and the excavation disturbance. In the direction of the span of the top coal can be divided into the roof fall risk zone and the warning zone. The deformation changes from exponential to linear to logarithmic in the roof fall risk zone, and it changes from linear to logarithmic in the roof fall warning zone as the number of excavations increases. The sinking amount in the two zones is smaller as the thickness of the top coal becomes larger. It is comprehensively determined that the thickness of the top coal of open-off cut is set as 3.5 m, the stability is moderate, and the field application shows that the integrity of the top coal is good after support, and the maximum off-layer value is 6 mm, which can satisfy the production requirements.

This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity non-inferiority and safety of the quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine in participants ≥ 3 years old. A total of 3,328 participants were enrolled. Participants 3–8 years old were administered one or two doses of the investigational vaccine or one dose of the control vaccine, whereas the other participants were administered only one dose of the investigational or control vaccine. The immunogenicity and occurrence of adverse events (AEs) after 30 days of full-course vaccination and serious adverse events (SAEs) within 6 months after full-course vaccination were assessed. The sero-conversion rates (SCRs) of anti-H1N1, H3N2, B(Y), and B(V) antibodies in the test group were 74.64%, 87.40%, 82.66%, and 78.89%, respectively, and their geometric mean titers were 1:250.13, 1:394.54, 1:200.84, and 1:94.91, respectively, which were non-inferior to those in the control group. The SCRs and sero-protection rates in the two-dose group of participants 3–8 years old were greater than those in the one-dose group. The incidences of total AEs and adverse reactions in the test group were 31.6% and 21.7%, respectively, which were close to those in the control group. In the two-dose group, the incidence of adverse reactions was considerably lower in the second dose (5.5%) than in the first dose (14.7%). Most AEs were grade 1 in severity, and no SAEs were recorded. The investigational vaccine had immunogenicity non-inferior to the control vaccine, and two doses were more effective than one dose in participants 3–8 years old, with a good overall safety. Trial registration: CTR20200715.

BackgroundCrohn’s disease (CD) has an increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. It is currently believed that both the onset and progression of the disease are closely related to immune system imbalance and the infiltration of immune cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular immune mechanisms associated with CD and its fibrosis through bioinformatics analysis.MethodsThree datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus data base (GEO) were downloaded for data analysis and validation. Single sample gene enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in CD samples. Immune cell types with significant differences were identified by Wilcoxon test and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and then subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional correlation analysis, as well as protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The cytoHubba program and the GSE75214 dataset were used to screen for hub genes and plot Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves to screen for possible biomarkers of CD based on diagnostic efficacy. The hub genes of CD were correlated with five significantly different immune cells. In addition, validation was performed by real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments in colonic tissue of CD intestinal fibrosis rats to further identify hub genes that are more related to CD intestinal fibrosis.ResultsThe DEGs were analyzed separately by 10 algorithms and narrowed down to 9 DEGs after taking the intersection. 4 hub genes were further screened by the GSE75214 validation set, namely COL1A1, CXCL10, MMP2 and FGF2. COL1A1 has the highest specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of CD and is considered to have the potential to diagnose CD. Five immune cells with significant differences were screened between CD and health controls (HC). Through the correlation analysis between five kinds of immune cells and four biomarkers, it was found that CXCL10 was positively correlated with activated dendritic cells, effector memory CD8+ T cells. MMP2 was positively correlated with activated dendritic cells, gamma delta T cells (γδ T) and mast cells. MMP2 and COL1A1 were significantly increased in colon tissue of CD fibrosis rats.ConclusionMMP2, COL1A1, CXCL10 and FGF2 can be used as hub genes for CD. Among them, COL1A1 can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of CD. MMP2 and CXCL10 may be involved in the development and progression of CD by regulating activated dendritic cell, effector memory CD8+ T cell, γδ T cell and mast cell. In addition, MMP2 and COL1A1 may be more closely related to CD intestinal fibrosis.

There are various health issues associated with the different stages of long-distance pipeline transportation. These issues pose potential risks to environmental pollution, resource waste, and the safety of human life and property. It is essential to have real-time knowledge of the overall health status of pipelines throughout their entire lifecycle. This article investigates various health-monitoring technologies for long-distance pipelines, providing references for addressing potential safety issues that may arise during long-term transportation. This review summarizes the factors and characteristics that affect pipeline health from the perspective of pipeline structure health. It introduces the principles of major pipeline health-monitoring technologies and their respective advantages and disadvantages. The review also focuses on the application of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology, specifically time and space continuous monitoring technology, in the field of pipeline structure health monitoring. This paper discusses the process of commercialization development of DAS technology, the main research progress in the experimental field, and the open research issues. DAS technology has broad application prospects in the field of long-distance transportation pipeline health monitoring.

Addressing the issue of low filling efficiency in gangue slurry backfilling due to unclear evolution characteristics of voids in the overlying collapsed rock mass during mining, this study utilizes fiber optic sensing technology to monitor real-time strain changes within the rock mass. It proposes a void zoning method based on fiber optic sensing for mining the overlying rock and, in combination with physical model experiments, systematically investigates the dimensions, distribution, and deformation characteristics of rock mass voids. By analyzing fiber optic sensing data, the correlation between the rate of void expansion and the stress state of the rock mass is revealed. The research results demonstrate that as mining progresses, the internal voids of the rock mass gradually expand, exhibiting complex spatial distribution patterns. During the mining process, the expansion of voids within the overlying collapsed rock mass is closely related to the stress state of the rock mass. The rate of void expansion is influenced by changes in stress, making stress regulation a key factor in preventing void expansion and rock mass instability. The application of fiber optic sensing technology allows for more accurate monitoring of changes in rock mass voids, enabling precise zoning of voids in the overlying collapsed rock mass during mining. This zoning method has been validated against traditional theoretical calculations and experimental results. This research expands our understanding of the evolution characteristics of voids in overlying collapsed rock mass and provides valuable reference for backfilling engineering practices and backfilling parameter optimization.

The probability of an El Niño in the winter after large tropical volcanic eruptions increases. When this happens, summer monsoon precipitation over East Asia is enhanced, overwhelming thermodynamic precipitation reduction from volcanic cooling.

Abstract To overcome the limitation of the virtual extensometer method in measuring the crack opening displacement (COD) in the process of complex multi-crack propagation of rock, the measurement error of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) local deformation is theoretically analyzed. An improved virtual extensometer method for measuring the COD is proposed, which considers the temporal and spatial characteristics of crack development in the process of complex crack propagation. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by the strain localization band numerical simulation test and indoor single crack simulation test. Furthermore, the method is applied to the two-dimensional similarity simulation test of simulating complex multi-fractures in rock stratum. The COD obtained by the traditional and improved methods is compared with the measured COD. The results show that in the case of multiple complex cracks, to obtain the COD accurately, the relative distance between the virtual extensometer measuring point and the crack should be greater than half of the sum of the width of the crack strain localization zone and the subset size. With the development of the crack, the relative distance between the virtual extensometer measuring point and the crack should increase with the increase of the width of the crack strain localization zone. The error of the COD measured by the traditional method increases with fracture development, and the maximum is 21.20%. The maximum relative error between the COD measured by the improved method and the measured crack opening is 3.61%. The research results improve the accuracy of the virtual extensometer in measuring the COD under complex multi-crack conditions.

In order to study the mountain deflection characteristics and the pressure law of the working face after the mining of a shallow coal seam under the valley terrain, a geometric size of 5.0 × 0.2 × 1.33 m is used in the physical similarity model. Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) technology is applied to a similar physical model experiment to monitor the internal strain of the overlying rock. In this paper, the strain law of the horizontal optical fiber at different stages of the instability of the mountain structure is analyzed. Combined with the measurement of the strain field on the surface of the model via digital image correlation (DIC) technology, the optical fiber strain characteristics of the precursor of mountain instability are given. The optical fiber characterization method of working face pressure is proposed, and the working face pressures at different mining stages in gully terrain are characterized. Finally, the relationship between the deflection instability of the mountain and the strong ground pressure on the working face is discussed. The sudden increase in the strain peak point of the horizontally distributed optical fiber strain curve can be used to distinguish the strong ground pressure. At the same time, this conclusion is verified by comparing the measured underground ground pressure values. The research results can promote the application of optical fiber sensing technology in the field of mine engineering.

In this study, we sought to evaluate the inter-batch consistency and safety of the CTN-1 V human rabies vaccine (Vero cells). A total of 594 healthy participants aged 10–60 years were enrolled from Mianzhu, Sichuan Province, and randomized into three batch groups to receive vaccination via the Essen Regimen, that is, a single dose on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm. The serum antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) and positive conversion rate of each group were determined using a rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test (RFFIT) before the first-dose immunization, 14 d after the first-dose immunization, and 14 d and 12 mo after full immunization. Adverse events (AEs) 30 min and 30 d after immunization were observed in each group. There were 322 cases of AEs during the observation period, with an overall incidence of 54.4%. The incidences of AEs in groups A, B, and C were 57.4%, 51.5%, and 54.3%, respectively. There were no significant differences among the groups (P > .05). Moreover, there were no significant differences (P > .05) in the serum GMC or antibody-positive conversion rate between any two groups at any time point. The bilateral 95% confidence interval of the GMC ratio between any two groups 14 d after the first-dose immunization was within the range of 0.67–1.50. This study shows that the CTN-1 V human rabies vaccine (Vero cells) has reliable safety and stable immunogenicity between batches.

As an important part of urban public infrastructure, urban green space plays an indispensable role in urban development and public physical, mental, and emotional health. By collecting open data such as POI, OSM, and ASTER GDEM and using spatial analysis software such as ARCGIS, QGIS, and Global Mapper, this study conducted thermal analysis of crowd activities, service pressure analysis, and demand evaluation for the layout of park green space in the central urban area of Yuxi City. The results show that there are great differences in the area and spatial layout of the thermal classes of crowd activity. Class II occupies the largest area, accounting for 60.73%, while class V occupies the least area, accounting for 2.04%. The thermal classes of crowd activity decrease from the center of the city to the periphery, and their area increases with the decrease of the thermal classes. With the increase in the level of green space service pressure, the proportion of the area decreased, among which the proportion of grade I was as high as 53.20%, while that of grade V was only 1.89%, which was mainly affected by the spatial location. The demand level and the area of park green space are obviously different, mainly concentrated in the first level, accounting for 69.68% of the total demand, and the large area is scattered in the periphery of the central urban area, followed by the fourth level, accounting for 10.46%. The area of other levels, especially the high level of demand, is less. Comprehensive analysis shows that the service level, type of green space, service pressure, and demand of green space have a strong correlation with the geographical location. In future planning, Yuxi City should combine the population distribution density and land development intensity and carry out reasonable layout and planning of park green space by reducing the low-demand area, increasing the green space area of high-demand area, improving public transportation, and improving accessibility.

Objective: In this paper, we aim to show that the immunogenicity of the lyophilized human rabies vaccine (Vero cells) (investigational vaccine) developed by Dalian Aleph Biomedical Co., Ltd. in healthy participants aged 10–60 years old is non-inferior to the lyophilized PVRV (positive control) manufactured by Liaoning Chengda Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shenyang, China), and that its safety is clinically acceptable. Method: A total of 2776 participants were enrolled in this study and divided into four groups: a five-dose test group, a five-dose control group, a four-dose test group, and a four-dose control group. The patients in the four-dose groups (Zagreb) were vaccinated on Days 0 (two doses), 7 (one dose), and 21 (one dose), and those in the five-dose groups (Essen) were vaccinated on Days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 (one dose each). The rabies-virus-neutralizing antibody assay with the RFFIT was used to assess the immunogenicity, and the adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) were identified and collated. Results: The positive seroconversion rate was up to 100% on Days 14 and 35/42 after vaccination following any procedures in pre-immunization antibody-negative participants, and the positive seroconversion rate and geometric mean concentration (GMC) of the test groups (Zagreb and Essen vaccination procedures) was not inferior to that of the control groups. On Day 7 after vaccination, the immunogenicity of the Zagreb procedure with two doses of the vaccine on Day 0 was superior to the Essen procedure with one dose of vaccine, that is, the former had a higher seroconversion rate and RVNA titer. The non-inferiority criterion of immunogenicity was met for the whole population, the population aged 10–18 years and ≥18 years, and the pre-immunization antibody-positive population. The incidences of all AEs, solicited AEs, and unsolicited AEs in both groups were not statistically significant, and no vaccination-related SAEs were observed. Conclusion: The investigated vaccine is safe, its immunogenicity is non-inferior to that of the control vaccine, and the efficacy of the Zagreb procedure is superior to that of the Essen procedure 7 days after the first dose.

Fibrosis can occur in many organs, and severe cases leading to organ failure and death. No specific treatment for fibrosis so far. In recent years, microRNA-34a (miR-34a) has been found to play a role in fibrotic diseases. MiR-34a is involved in the apoptosis, autophagy and cellular senescence, also regulates TGF-β1/Smad signal pathway, and negatively regulates the expression of multiple target genes to affect the deposition of extracellular matrix and regulate the process of fibrosis. Some studies have explored the efficacy of miR-34a-targeted therapies for fibrotic diseases. Therefore, miR-34a has specific potential for the treatment of fibrosis. This article reviews the important roles of miR-34a in fibrosis and provides the possibility for miR-34a as a novel therapeutic target in fibrosis.

Objective. Esophageal dysmotility is a common and neglected complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) associated with poor prognosis, while the assessment remains a challenge. We aimed to develop a diagnostic model for esophageal dysmotility in SSc patients that provides individualized risk estimates. Methods. Seventy-five SSc patients who underwent high-resolution manometry (HRM) were included in the study. Esophageal widest diameter (WED) was measured on a chest CT scan. Esophageal parameters between patients with and without esophageal dysmotility were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression were used to fit the model. The diagnostic model was evaluated by discrimination and calibration. Internal validation was estimated using the enhanced bootstrap method with 1000 repetitions. Results. Sixty-one systemic sclerosis patients (81.3%) were diagnosed with esophageal dysmotility according to the Chicago Classification v 3.0. The diagnostic model for evaluating the probability of esophageal dysmotility integrated clinical and imaging features, including disease duration, ILD, and WED. The model displayed good discrimination with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.923 (95% CI: 0.837–1.000), a Brier score of 0.083, and good calibration. A high AUC value of 0.911 could still be achieved in the internal validation. Conclusion. The diagnostic model, which combines the disease duration, ILD, and imaging feature (WED), is an effective and noninvasive method for predicting esophageal dysmotility in SSc patients.

A large amount of data transmission is one of the challenges faced by communication systems. In this paper, we revisit the intelligent receiver consisting of a neural network, and we find that the intelligent receiver can reduce the data at the transmitting end while improving the decoding accuracy. Specifically, we first construct a smart receiver model, and then design two ways to reduce the data at the transmitter side, namely, end-of-transmitter data trimming and equal-interval data trimming, to investigate the decoding performance of the receiver under the different trimming methods. The simulation results show that the receiver still has an accurate decoding performance with a small amount of trimming at the end of the transmitter data, while the decoding performance of the smart receiver is better than that of the conventional receiver with complete data when the data is trimmed at equal intervals. Moreover, the receiver with equally-spaced data cropping has a lower BER when the data at the transmitter side is reduced by the same data length. This paper provides a new solution to reduce the amount of data at the transmitter side.

The anchoring quality of bolts is related to roadway safety and the surrounding rock stability. Due to the limitations of conventional monitoring methods in capturing strain, there still exists a gap in the real-time perception of the mechanical properties of bolts at the micro-scale. This paper proposes a new approach to detecting bolts’ anchoring qualities based on the fiber Bragg grating sensing principle. Moreover, it studies the strain transmission mechanism between the surface-bonded fiber Bragg grating and the bolt. A fiber-optic monitoring test platform of anchor bolt anchoring quality is built. The full-length anchor bolt’s strain evolution law and axial force distribution characteristics are studied during the pull-out test. The study results have shown that the theoretical value of the fiber strain transfer coefficient can be used to calculate the strain of the bolt. The bolt pull-out test verified the accuracy of using the fiber Bragg grating bolt axial force characterization equation to estimate the bolt stress. On the other hand, the correlation between the bolt axial force and the fiber Bragg grating monitoring value follows an exponential pattern. This study provides an important basis for improving the understanding of a bolt anchoring mechanism and the stability control of a roadway’s surrounding rock.

The monitoring of mine pressure, division of vertical zoning of the overburden, discrimination of key stratum structure of the overburden and monitoring of advanced abutment pressure are still the main research problems in the field of coal mining. Therefore, the promotion of development of a monitoring technology of mining-induced rock mass deformation has important research value in the mining field. There are many problems to be solved in the application of optical fiber sensing (OFS) to deformation monitoring, such as the corresponding relationship between actual deformation and optical parameters, the coupling relationship between the optical fiber and rock mass and the reasonable division of vertical zoning of the overburden. In this study, a quantitative index of coupling action between the mining rock mass and optical fiber is put forward, and the coupling coefficient of different vertical zonings is quantitatively analyzed and discussed. Based on this, five different media in contact with optical fiber are proposed. The relationship between the strain curve form, the development height of the fracture zone and the activity of key stratum is established. It is of great academic value and research significance to establish a characterization system of displacement, deformation and structural evolution of overlying strata based on optical fiber sensing technology.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems suffer from high BER in the mining environment. In this paper, the mine MIMO depth receiver model is proposed. The model uses densely connected convolutional networks for feature extraction and constructs multiple binary classifiers to recover the original information. Compared with conventional MIMO receivers, the model has no error accumulation caused by processes such as decoding and demodulation. The experimental results show that the model has better performance than conventional decoding methods under different modulation codes and variations in the number of transmitting terminals. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the model can still achieve effective decoding and recover the original information with some data loss at the receiver.

In the food industry, ensuring clean production equipment is essential for maintaining product quality and safeguarding consumer health. For optimal geometric cleaning, it is crucial to consider the specific interactions between flow, dirt, and cleaning fluids. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for simulating fluid flow behavior, especially in terms of momentum, mass, and energy transfer. It has been widely used to model elimination processes in food sanitation. The construction of CFD model and the cleaning of food contact surface were explored. Additionally, an overview of existing CFD studies on fouling and cleaning mechanisms was provided in this manuscript. The goal of this review is to discuss the present state of CFD modeling in cleaning soil from surfaces and to offer a valuable reference for food cleaning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease in pigs. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is a transcriptional target of the sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and participates in the uptake of LDL-derived cholesterol. However, the involvement of LDLR in PRV infection has not been well characterized. We observed an increased expression level of LDLR mRNA in PRV-infected 3D4/21, PK-15, HeLa, RAW264.7, and L929 cells. The LDLR protein level was also upregulated by PRV infection in PK-15 cells and in murine lung and brain. The treatment of cells with the SREBP inhibitor, fatostatin, or with SREBP2-specific small interfering RNA prevented the PRV-induced upregulation of LDLR expression as well as viral protein expression and progeny virus production. This suggested that PRV activated SREBPs to induce LDLR expression. Furthermore, interference in LDLR expression affected PRV proliferation, while LDLR overexpression promoted it. This indicated that LDLR was involved in PRV infection. The study also demonstrated that LDLR participated in PRV invasions. The overexpression of LDLR or inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which binds to LDLR and targets it for lysosomal degradation, significantly enhanced PRV attachment and entry. Mechanistically, LDLR interacted with PRV on the plasma membrane, and pretreatment of cells with LDLR antibodies was able to neutralize viral entry. An in vivo study indicated that the treatment of mice with the PCSK9 inhibitor SBC-115076 promoted PRV proliferation. The data from the study indicate that PRV hijacks LDLR for viral entry through the activation of SREBPs. IMPORTANCE Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a herpesvirus that primarily manifests as fever, pruritus, and encephalomyelitis in various domestic and wild animals. Owing to its lifelong latent infection characteristics, PRV outbreaks have led to significant financial setbacks in the global pig industry. There is evidence that PRV variant strains can infect humans, thereby crossing the species barrier. Therefore, gaining deeper insights into PRV pathogenesis and developing updated strategies to contain its spread are critical. This study posits that the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) could be a co-receptor for PRV infection. Hence, strategies targeting LDLR may provide a promising avenue for the development of effective PRV vaccines and therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]