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Abstract Background COVID-19 is known to cause psychological problems. Psychological rehabilitation can be performed to reduce anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Facing patients with infectious diseases can be difficult for medical staff. Therefore, this study compared the effects of psychiatric tele-rehabilitation (TR) and conventional psychiatric rehabilitation (CR) in isolated patients with COVID-19. Methods This randomized controlled study, conducted at a single community-based hospital, included 40 patients (24 in the psychiatric tele-rehabilitation group [TRG] and 16 in the conventional psychiatric rehabilitation group [CRG]) with COVID-19 were recruited from November 18, 2021, to April 7, 2022. Psychiatric rehabilitation is an occupation-based intervention in which patients perform meaningful activities and tasks. Patients in the TRG selected activities, received counseling, and underwent monitoring over the phone, while those in the CRG participated in face-to-face sessions. The interventions were conducted for 50 min each day during an isolation period of 7 days in both groups, and all participants received the interventions individually. The primary outcome was anxiety assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Secondary outcomes include the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to evaluate depression, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale-8 (MSBS-8) to assess boredom. The Korean version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-K) was used to assess the quality of sleep, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument-BRIEF (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to evaluate quality of life. Questionnaires were administered at admission, discharge, and at the 6-month follow-up. Results In the time × group analysis, the SAS total score (p = .033) and the VAS score for depression (p = .012) in the CRG were significantly lower than those in the TRG at the time of discharge. The VAS score for anxiety (p = .007), total SAS score (p = .050), and VAS score for depression (p = .003) in the CRG were also significantly lower than those in the TRG at the 6-month follow-up. The PHQ-9, MSBS-8, ISI-K, and WHOQOL-BREF scores showed no significant interactions in the time × group analysis. Conclusions TR was effective in reducing anxiety and improving quality of life during hospitalization, but had no remained effects after discharge. Otherwise, CR was more effective than TR for anxiety and depression during hospitalization and had remained effects at 6-month follow-up. However, considering the characteristics of infectious conditions that involve risk in contact, TR will still play an important role, and efforts will be needed to improve the effect that remained. Trial registration The trial was registered with the Korea Clinical Trials Registry (KCT0006714, Date of registration 08/11/2021).

Abstract Since the discovery of graphene and its remarkable properties, researchers have actively explored advanced graphene-patterning technologies. While the etching process is pivotal in shaping graphene channels, existing etching techniques have limitations such as low speed, high cost, residue contamination, and rough edges. Therefore, the development of facile and efficient etching methods is necessary. This study entailed the development of a novel technique for patterning graphene through dry etching, utilizing selective photochemical reactions precisely targeted at single-layer graphene (SLG) surfaces. This process is facilitated by an excimer ultraviolet lamp emitting light at a wavelength of 172 nm. The effectiveness of this technique in selectively removing SLG over large areas, leaving the few-layer graphene intact and clean, was confirmed by various spectroscopic analyses. Furthermore, we explored the application of this technique to device fabrication, revealing its potential to enhance the electrical properties of SLG-based devices. One-dimensional (1D) edge contacts fabricated using this method not only exhibited enhanced electrical transport characteristics compared to two-dimensional contact devices but also demonstrated enhanced efficiency in fabricating conventional 1D-contacted devices. This study addresses the demand for advanced technologies suitable for next-generation graphene devices, providing a promising and versatile graphene-patterning approach with broad applicability and high efficiency.

Abstract Twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) with small twist angles has attracted significant attention because of its unique electronic properties arising from the formation of a moiré superlattice. In this study, we systematically characterized the twist-angle-dependent electronic and transport properties of tBLG grown via chemical vapor deposition. This characterization included parameters such as the charge-neutral point voltage, carrier concentration, resistance, and mobility, covering a wide range of twist angles from 0° to 30°. We experimentally demonstrated that these parameters exhibited twist-angle-dependent moiré period trends, with high twist angles exceeding 9°, revealing more practically useful features, including improved mobilities compared to those of single-layer graphene. In addition, we demonstrated that the doping states and work functions were weakly dependent on the twist angles, as confirmed by additional first-principles calculations. This study provides valuable insights into the transport properties of tBLG and its potential for practical applications in the emerging field of twistronics.

Abstract Background To examine the effectiveness and safety of a data sharing and comprehensive management platform for institutionalized older patients. Methods We applied information technology-supported integrated health service platform to patients who live at long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) and nursing homes (NHs) with cluster randomized controlled study. We enrolled 555 patients aged 65 or older (461 from 7 LTCHs, 94 from 5 NHs). For the intervention group, a tablet-based platform comprising comprehensive geriatric assessment, disease management, potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) management, rehabilitation program, and screening for adverse events and warning alarms were provided for physicians or nurses. The control group was managed with usual care. Co-primary outcomes were (1) control rate of hypertension and diabetes, (2) medication adjustment (PIM prescription rate, proportion of polypharmacy), and (3) combination of potential quality-of-care problems (composite quality indicator) from the interRAI assessment system which assessed after 3-month of intervention. Results We screened 1119 patients and included 555 patients (control; 289, intervention; 266) for analysis. Patients allocated to the intervention group had better cognitive function and took less medications and PIMs at baseline. The diabetes control rate (OR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.37–4.99, p = 0.0035), discontinuation of PIM (OR = 4.65, 95% CI 2.41–8.97, p

In this study, a previously developed fully passive hydrokinetic turbine with two flapping foils was used to directly drive a reciprocating pump, and the performance of this system was investigated at an offshore site in Republic of Korea. The fully passive operation of the turbine worked effectively due to its coupling mechanism, and pumping was successfully carried out during flood tides when the pumping height was consistently maintained using a water level gauge and winch system. Pumping occurred at a height of approximately 9 m when the flow velocity reached 1.8 m/s, at which point the corresponding Reynolds number exceeded one million. In one case where a high pumping flow rate was achieved during offshore trials conducted over a period of time, the pumping efficiency reached up to 34% when the reduced frequency of the turbine was 0.126, falling within the known optimum range. The pump driven by the flapping-foil hydrokinetic turbine, which can be positioned near the shore or in shallow water, could provide a viable solution for off-grid communities needing to pump seawater or generate hydroelectric power.

Abstract A method for patterning single‐layer graphene (SLG) and single‐layer oxidized graphene (SOG) within a continuous atomic layer to form lateral heterojunctions is presented. Raman spectroscopy is employed to investigate the evolution of defect‐related Raman peaks during excimer‐UV irradiation, facilitating the identification of structural changes and defect formation processes. Electrical transport measurements reveal that SOG‐patterned field‐effect transistors (FETs) exhibit varying characteristics depending on the degree of oxidation, thus offering the potential to tailor the electrical properties of graphene devices for specific requirements. Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy measurements reveal the surface potential and work function of the SOG regions compared with those of SLG. The effective functionality of the SOG pattern to operate as a resistor, allowing control of the electrical conductivity in the SOG‐patterned SLG channels, is demonstrated. This capability restricts the current flow while preserving the pristine electrical properties of the graphene channel. Moreover, the SOG pattern can serve as a potential barrier to constructing SLG‐SOG‐patterned integrated circuits, providing exciting opportunities for engineering advanced electronic components. This breakthrough in graphene devices simplifies the fabrication process of graphene‐based FETs and provides the foundation for developing atomically thin integrated circuits for a wide range of applications.

Abstract In this study, a parametric analysis was conducted for the design of a suggested dual flapping hydrofoil turbine. A Navier–Stokes‐based computational fluid dynamics code was utilized for the analysis while varying the pitch angle, reduced frequency, separation distance, and phase difference. The smallest pitch angle of 60° and the reduced frequency of 0.1 among the given ranges of the parameters were fixed for the first parametric analysis. After an assessment, the 90° front‐lead with the longest distance of 6c and the 90° rear‐lead with the shortest distance of 2c were chosen for further parametric analysis based on a suggested performance indicator and a margin for improvement. It was derived from a subsequent parametric analysis that a 70° pitch angle, 0.12 reduced frequency, and a 4c distance for the 90° front‐lead was the final optimum with 59.48% efficiency and 55.44% fluctuation according to the performance indicator as well as the system length and power balance of dual hydrofoils.

Data-driven fault diagnosis is an essential technology for the safety and maintenance of rock drills. However, since the signals acquired from a rock drill have different distributions, which arise due to their variable operating conditions, the classification performance of any data-driven method is diminished; this is called the domain-shift issue. This paper proposes a new domain-adaptation-based fault diagnosis scheme to solve the domain-shift problem. The proposed method introduces a data-cropping technique to mitigate the difference in the length of the data measured from a rock drill for each impact cycle. To extract invariant features for all operating conditions, the proposed method combines two methods: a domain adversarial neural network and minimization of the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) between the features from different domains. In addition, a soft voting ensemble is used to reduce the model uncertainty. The proposed method shows superior performance when validated with a rock drill dataset; the proposed approach was ranked in 2nd place in the 2022 PHM Conference Data Challenge.

ObjectivePatients with coronavirus disease experience deterioration in occupational balance and mental health. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a time-use intervention on the occupational balance of isolated patients with coronavirus disease. Its impact on secondary outcomes including mental health and quality of life was also assessed.MethodsThis randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in a single community-based hospital. Forty-one patients (19 in the experimental group and 22 in the control group) with coronavirus disease were recruited between February 1, 2021, and March 19, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a time-use intervention or education on self-activity. The time-use intervention is to plan a daily routine to engage in meaningful occupations. It consisted of 4 steps: time-use analysis, occupation selection, arrangement of activities and practice, and occupational therapist intervention. The control group was educated on self-activity and spent time autonomously.Outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was occupational balance, evaluated using the Korean version of the Life Balance Inventory. Secondary outcomes were mental health and quality of life assessed using the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Korean Form of Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Korean version of the Insomnia Severity Index, Multidimensional State Boredom Scale-8, Fear of Coronavirus Disease: Korean version of the Fear of Coronavirus Disease Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument-BRIEF. Outcome measures were evaluated at admission and discharge.ResultsThe time-use intervention significantly improved occupational balance (F = 14.12, p < .001) and all other measures of depression, anxiety, boredom, fear, and quality of life. Conversely, the control group showed a worsening pattern for all measures.ConclusionThe time-use intervention is effective for improving occupational balance, mental health, and quality of life in patients with coronavirus disease.

Graphene has immense potential as a material for electronic devices owing to its unique electrical properties. However, large-area graphene produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) must be transferred from the as-grown copper substrate to an arbitrary substrate for device fabrication. The conventional wet transfer technique, which uses FeCl3 as a Cu etchant, leaves microscale impurities from the substrate, and the etchant adheres to graphene, thereby degrading its electrical performance. To address this limitation, this study introduces a modified transfer process that utilizes a temporary UV-treated SiO2 substrate to adsorb impurities from graphene before transferring it onto the final substrate. Optical microscopy and Raman mapping confirmed the adhesion of impurities to the temporary substrate, leading to a clean graphene/substrate interface. The retransferred graphene shows a reduction in electron–hole asymmetry and sheet resistance compared to conventionally transferred graphene, as confirmed by the transmission line model (TLM) and Hall effect measurements (HEMs). These results indicate that only the substrate effects remain in action in the retransferred graphene, and most of the effects of the impurities are eliminated. Overall, the modified transfer process is a promising method for obtaining high-quality graphene suitable for industrial-scale utilization in electronic devices.

ObjectiveTo improve the mental health of isolated patients with COVID-19 by face-to-face psychological rehabilitation program.DesignRandomized controlled study.SettingSingle community-based hospital.Participants109 patients (52 in experimental group, 57 in control group) with COVID-19 were recruited from May 27 to September 17, 2021.InterventionsA psychological rehabilitation program that consists of education, craft, and physical activity. The activity program was provided by a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team of doctors, nurses, occupational therapists, and physical therapists. The purpose of the education was to provide accurate information about COVID-19, and craft and physical activity were for improving physical health, occupational balance, participation in activities, and reducing boredom.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was degree of anxiety assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Secondary outcomes were severity of depression, and quality of sleep assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Visual Analysis Scale (VAS), and the Korean version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-K).ResultsIsolated patients complained of anxiety, depression, and insomnia the most in the early stages of hospitalization and isolation. In addition, the psychological rehabilitation program significantly improved mental health scale, including scores of SAS (F = 12.46, p = .001), SDS (F = 6.76, p = .01), and ISI-K (F = 4.41, p = .04).ConclusionsThe psychological rehabilitation program is effective for improving anxiety, depression, and quality of sleep for isolated patients with COVID-19.

In this study, performance of a right-swing turbine with a cambered hydrofoil was analyzed by CFD numerical simulations to assess its stability and power efficiency. It is found from the analysis that the right-swing trajectory, which is close to the kinematics of flying or swimming creatures, has advantages over the left-swing trajectory in terms of stability with a slight loss of the power efficiency. A cambered hydrofoil can be utilized to offset this loss, but doing so negatively affects the stability at the turning positions of the flapping motion. Consequently, in order to guarantee stability and high efficiency of a right-swing hydrofoil turbine, camber shapes adjustable at the positions of flapping motion, which is an excellent feature of flight and swimming creatures, are mandatory. Eventually, the analysis results of this study will be utilized to develop a high-performance flapping hydrofoil turbine.

Background To improve the rehabilitation team’s awareness of patient mobility and participation by enhancing communication between therapists and nurses and conducting patient education. Methods This study used a non-equivalent control group with a non-synchronized design. To facilitate communication between therapists and nurses, we used a manual for mobility management to improve the sharing of information on the functional status of patients. We also implemented patient education to improve their awareness of mobility and participation. Finally, we conducted newly devised surveys related to patient functional status and awareness that were applied by therapists and nurses. Results The nurses reported significantly lower functional levels of patients compared to those assessed by therapists. After the intervention, the kappa values representing the concordance between therapists and nurses improved to almost perfect agreement for transfer ability (κ=0.836), mobility (κ=0.664), and toileting (κ=1.000). We also observed a statistically significant increase in questionnaire scores with respect to nurses’ awareness (p