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Background: With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11. Methods: Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members. Results: A total of 890 international experts in various fields from 61 countries responded to the survey. We also achieved full coverage of provincial-level administrative regions in China. 77.1% of respondents agreed that MAFLD should be represented in ICD-11 by updating NAFLD, with no significant regional differences (77.3% in Asia and 76.6% in non-Asia, p = 0.819). Over 80% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed with the need to assign specific codes for progressive stages of MAFLD (i.e. steatohepatitis) (92.2%), MAFLD combined with comorbidities (84.1%), or MAFLD subtypes (i.e., lean, overweight/obese, and diabetic) (86.1%). Conclusions: This global survey by a collaborative panel of clinical, coding, health management and policy experts, indicates agreement that MAFLD should be coded in ICD-11. The data serves as a foundation for corresponding adjustments in the ICD-11 revision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibration-energy harvesting is an effective strategy for replacing batteries and provides a long-term power supply to microelectronic devices. Harvesting vibration energy from human motions has attracted research attention in recent years. Here, a novel low-frequency hybrid piezoelectric and electromagnetic broadband harvester is proposed. Two parallel piezoelectric cantilever beams support the harvester and capture environmental vibration energy based on the piezoelectric effect. A permanent magnet is connected by springs to the two beams, and a fixed coil surrounds the moving permanent magnet, enabling energy conversion via the electromagnetic effect and the proof mass. The parameters influencing the output power of the harvester are optimized numerically to boost the harvester's performance. The output power of the proposed hybrid harvester is compared with that of a piezoelectric harvester and an electromagnetic harvester. The simulation results show that the output power is significantly higher for the hybrid harvester than for the piezoelectric and electromagnetic harvesters, and the bandwidth is broader owing to the double cantilevers. An experiment is conducted using a prototype of the hybrid harvester to evaluate its output power. The results show multiple resonant peaks, an extended bandwidth, and a maximum power of 6.28 mW. In contrast, the maximum harvested power of the piezoelectric harvester is only 5.15 mW at 9.6 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goal: To perform monitoring of the modern experience of CSR (corporate social responsibility) manifestation in Russia and to differentiate and quantitatively measure the contribution of the support of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) and responsible HRM (human resources management) to managing businesses' financial risks. For this, a sample of the 11 largest companies of one sphere—the extracting industry—which are included in the ranking of Global 2000 Forbes for 2020 are used. Based on the sample, the authors determine the level of the financial risks of Russian companies in the 2020–2021 period and the impact of CSR (in terms of its distinguished indicators) on it. The authors model and measure the contribution of CSR (in terms of its distinguished directions) to the reduction in the financial risks of Russian companies in 2020 and assess the perspective of the decrease in the financial risks of Russian companies for the 2022–2024 period based on CSR. The novelty of this paper lies in the development of a proprietary classification of the directions of CSR by the criterion of contribution to financial risk management. According to the proprietary classification, the following aspects are distinguished: (1) support of SDGs and (2) responsible HRM. The uniqueness and originality of this paper are due to the fact that for the first time the authors perform quantitative measuring of the contribution of CSR (in terms of the distinguished directions—each in isolation) to managing businesses' financial risks in developing countries based on the example of Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]