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Abstract Morabine grasshoppers in the Vandiemenella viatica species group, which show karyotype diversity, have been studied for their ecological distribution and speciation in relation to their genetic and chromosomal diversity. They are good models for studying sex chromosome evolution as “old” and newly emerged sex chromosomes co-exist within the group. Here we present a reference genome for the viatica19 chromosomal race, that possesses the ancestral karyotype within the group. Using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing, we generated a chromosome-level assembly of 4.09 Gb in span, scaffold N50 of 429 Mb, and complete BUSCO score of 98.1%, containing 10 pseudo-chromosomes. We provide Illumina datasets of males and females, used to identify the X chromosome. The assembly contains 19,034 predicted protein-coding genes, and a total of 75.21% of repetitive DNA sequences. By leveraging HiFi reads, we mapped the genome-wide distribution of methylated bases (5mC and 6 mA). This comprehensive assembly offers a robust reference for morabine grasshoppers and supports further research into speciation and sex chromosome diversification within the group and its related species.

Abstract Using our recently developed radical-enhanced metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (REMOCVD) technique, we have grown gallium nitride (GaN) on bulk GaN and GaN on Si templates. Three features make up this system: (1) applying very high-frequency power (60 MHz) to increase the plasma density; (2) introducing H2 and N2 gas in the plasma discharge region to produce active NHx radical species in addition to nitrogen radicals; and (3) supplying radicals under remote plasma arrangement with a Faraday cage to suppress charged ions and photons. Using this new REMOCVD system, it was found that high-quality crystals can be grown at lower temperatures than that of MOCVD but the disadvantage was that the growth rate was smaller as 0.2–0.8 μm/h than that by MOCVD. In the present work, we have used a pBN inner shield to prevent the deactivation of radicals to increase the growth rate. The growth conditions such as the plasma power, trimethylgallium (TMG) source flow rate, N2 + H2 gas mixture flow rate, and the ratio of N2/H2 were optimized and it was found that the growth rate could be increased up to 3.4 μm/h with remarkably high crystalline quality comparable to that of MOCVD. The XRD-FWHM of GaN grown on the GaN/Si template and the bulk GaN substrate were 977 arcsec and 72 arcsec respectively. This work may be very promising to achieve high-power GaN/GaN devices.

The original article [1] contained an error in Fig. 3 and omitted a Funding source which the authors would like to correct. Due to a labeling error in one of our Iso-Seq samples, the RNA sample that was collected 24h after blood feeding was labeled as 324 by the sequencing center because they unknowingly removed a separator between the replicate number and the sample name. The error resulted in a different ordering of categories than we would have chosen, though this doesn’t actually affect the interpretations we made in the manuscript. The corrected Fig. 3 can be viewed ahead in this correction article. Although the error does not affect any conclusion, it remains technically inaccurate and merits correction. We also did not acknowledge funding from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) to J.J.E. for development of the sex chromosome inference approach. This is an important oversight, as NSF requires acknowledgment. The grant number is: NSF grant IOS-1656260.

Background: Formative research is the process by which researchers aim to understand the current behaviours, perceptions and needs of the target population which affects their decisions and actions. There is gap in literature regarding the health system preparedness to tackle the increasing burden of lifestyle diseases, especially in post-COVID era. This study proposes to identify the various barriers and facilitators in optimising control status among those already diagnosed with lifestyle diseases, through formative approach. Objective: To describe the various barriers and facilitators important for maintaining optimum control of blood sugar and blood pressure among adults with diabetes and hypertension in rural Nagpur Methodology: Rural Nagpur (Populations served by RHTC Bela) Population: 1-Stakeholders including adult consenting diabetic and hypertensive patients. 2-Private and Govt. Medical Practitioner Sampling Technique: Purposive sampling of diabetic and Hypertensive patients was done based on their vocal and willingness to participate in Barrier Analysis. All health care providers from public health facilities (Medical officers and Community health officers from the selected PHC) were considered for in-depth interviews without any sampling. Data collection: Ethnographic analysis including Barrier Analysis through-semi- structured interview, free-listing and Pile sorting using standard techniques. Verbatim recording was followed by coding and analysis. Data Analysis: Analysis was done using Atlas. Ti and Anthropac Software. Smiths Saliency Score was generated wherever appropriate and cognitive map was created. Results: From interim analysis, through triangulation of data, some of the themes that emerged were “Frequent Refill”, “Healthcare Worker Reluctanc”, “Unavailability of medications” as the top barriers to maintaining good control status of diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion: This study will identify the barriers and facilitators at individual, family and at the health system level in controlling the lifestyle diseases, paving the way for the development of future implementation packages appropriate in the cultural context.

It is guaranteed that Gabor like structured frames do exist in any finite dimensional Hilbert space via an invertible map from l2(ZN) J Thomas and Nambudiri [2022]. Hence the question: whether it is possible to obtain structured class of frames in separable Hilbert spaces? is relevant. In this article we obtain a structured class of frames for separable Hilbert spaces which are generalizations of Gabor frames for L2(R) in their construction aspects. We call them as B-Gabor type frames and present a characterization of the frame operators associated with these frames when B is a unitary map. Some significant properties of the associated frame operators are discussed.

In topological spaces, many topological properties such as separation properties, paracompactness etc. are preserved under the act of taking product of topological spaces. The well known Tychonoff theorem in topological spaces which states that product of compact spaces is compact. Many of these results can be extended to the “generalized topological spaces”, known as locales (frames). According to Tychonoff product theorem for locales, locale product(coproduct of frames) of compact locales (frames) is compact. In this paper, we examine whether the coproduct of maximal compact frames is maximal compact. We examine the case for a finite coproduct and for an arbitrary coproduct of maximal compact frames. Every subframe of a compact frame is compact but a sublocale need not be. We provide a characterization for a sublocale of a maximal compact frame to be a maximal compact sublocale.

Spatial understanding of complex anatomical concepts is often a challenge for learners, as well as for educators. It is even more challenging for students with low mental spatial abilities. There are many options to teach spatial relationships, ranging from simple models to high-end three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality tools. Using a randomized controlled trial design, this study explored the use of a unique combination of deictic and iconic hand gestures to enhance spatial anatomical understanding, coining the term "Air Anatomy". The control group (n = 45) was given a lecture on the anatomy of extraocular muscles, while the intervention group (n = 49) received the same lecture including "Air Anatomy" hand gestures. When compared to the control group, the post-test scores for the intervention group were significantly higher for basic recall (P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney "U" test) and for the application of knowledge (P = 0.015; Mann-Whitney "U" test). Students with low to moderate spatial ability (as assessed by a mental rotation test) were found to benefit most by this technique. Students in the intervention group also reported a lower extrinsic cognitive load and higher germane load, when compared to the control group. An instructional skills questionnaire survey indicated the effectiveness of this technique in improving overall classroom experience. Feedback of the students in the intervention group was also favorable for instruction using "Air Anatomy". The study suggests that "Air Anatomy" is a useful, "no-cost", accessible method that aids spatial understanding of anatomical concepts.

Background: An important public health concern in India is tobacco use. Its use in different forms plays a role in the initiation and progression of oral carcinogenesis. The high-risk population for oral cancer comprises persons with tobacco-related habits. Objectives: This study aimed to determine and compare the levels of nitrate and nitrite in the saliva of different types of tobacco users (betel quid with tobacco chewing, cigarette smoking, gutka chewing) with those of controls. Materials and Methods: The salivary nitrate and nitrite levels in the salivary samples were assessed using the spectrophotometric absorbance method. Results: The present study showed that there were increased levels of salivary nitrate and nitrite in subjects with tobacco-related habits. Conclusions: This shows that there was an increased nitrate burden in the saliva of subjects with habits and hence they had an increased chance for carcinogenesis.

Context: Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. A recent knowledge of the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of IE is essential for prompt recognition and effective therapy. Aims: This study aims to determine the clinical profile, and outcome of patients with IE and to identify the clinical and laboratory predictors of poor prognosis in patients with IE. Settings and Design: This is a prospective observational study among patients diagnosed with IE in a tertiary care center over a period of 12 months. Subjects and Methods: We collected the demographic, clinical, and laboratory evaluation details of consecutive patients admitted with IE. All the patients were followed during hospitalization for mortality, complications, and need for surgery. Statistical Analysis Used: The comparison of mean values across the different outcome groups was done using one-way analysis of variance test. The association between the categorical independent variables with the outcome was evaluated using the Pearson Chi-square test. Results: Among 75 patients admitted with IE rheumatic heart disease was the most common predisposing condition. Blood culture was positive in 80%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism. Total in-hospital mortality was 32%. Staphylococcal IE had 43% mortality and fungal IE had 57% mortality. Prosthetic valve endocarditis also had 57% mortality. Surgery was undertaken in 28% of patients and surgical mortality was 19%. Presence of heart failure, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, elevated platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, high serum creatinine, and C-reactive protein were associated with high mortality. Conclusions: The mortality associated with IE remains high. Clinical and laboratory parameters can reliably predict poor prognosis in IE.

Aim and Objectives: Estimation and correlation of plasma fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) and salivary fibrin precipitating factor (FPF) in oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients, betel quid chewers without OSMF and healthy individuals. The study aims to evaluate whether FDP and FPF can be used as a marker for development and progression of OSMF and whether there is any correlation between the two. Methodology: The study included 163 subjects grouped into three categories, Group 1, which included 54 control patients, Group 2, which included 55 betel quid chewers, and Group 3, which included 54 clinically confirmed OSMF patients. All of them were subjected to the estimation of plasma FDP and salivary FPF. Results: FDP was present in 52 (96.3%) patients in Group 3, 2 (3.6%) patients in Group 2, and 1 patient in Group 1 (1.9%). FPF was positive in eight patients. The correlation of FDP and FPF was done by Fisher's exact test and was found to be statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion: In the present study, FDP was positive in 52 (96.3%) OSMF patients; hence, FDP may be used as an early indicator of OSMF. FDP was found to be positive in two patients with a habit of chewing betel quid without OSMF. It may be hypothesized that these patients are more likely to develop OSMF. Hence, the estimation of FDP may be used as a diagnostic test to predict an impending OSMF before it could manifest itself clinically. FPF was negative in some OSMF patients, may be because it is below the detectable range.

Context: Left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease is associated with high morbidity and mortality in spite of advances in management. There is a paucity of data on the gender differences in LMCA disease. Aims: We aimed to study the clinical characteristics, angiographic profile, and outcome of coronary artery disease patients with significant LMCA disease. Settings and Design: This is a prospective observational study among patients with significant LMCA disease undergoing coronary angiography in a tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods: We compared clinical, angiographic characteristics among male and female patients with significant LMCA disease and followed up for 4 months. Statistical Analysis Used: Differences between the groups were compared with Student's t-test for parametric continuous variables. Chi-square test was applied for estimating the occurrence of categorical variables. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between parameters. Results: Among 100 consecutive patients with LMCA disease, 70 were males and 30 were females. Chronic stable angina was the most common presentation. Distal LMCA was the most common site. Isolated LMCA disease was less compared to LMCA + multivessel disease. Coronary artery bypass grafting was the predominant management strategy. Mortality rates at 6 months were higher in females compared to males (20% vs. 3.3%). Conclusions: LMCA disease has mostly similar angiographic and clinical characteristics among males and females. LMCA disease is associated with high mortality in females compared to males.

Context: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) seen during the COVID-19 pandemic time most likely represents a severe variant of Kawasaki disease (KD). Aim: The aim of this study was to study the clinical difference between KD and MIS-C. Study Design: A prospective observational study of MIS-C patients was done during the COVID-19 pandemic period and a descriptive comparative study was done with available institutional data on KD. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients admitted with clinical features of MIS-C were enrolled and compared with the available records on KD patients. Statistical Analysis Used: Qualitative data were analyzed using percentages and proportions. Quantitative data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and median. Differences between groups were compared with Student's t-test for parametric continuous variables. Results: Thirty-three pre-COVID-19 KD patients and 28 MIS-C patients were compared. Median age in KD and MIS-C was 2.4 and 7.7 years, respectively (P < 0.001). More gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms were seen in MIS-C (P < 0.001). KD patients had more leukocytosis, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and thrombocytosis. MIS-C patients had higher mean levels of procalcitonin, ferritin, troponin, and brain natriuretic peptide. Coronary artery aneurysms and mitral regurgitation occurrence were similar in both, with a higher incidence of left ventricular dysfunction in MIS-C.

ABSTRACT We performed whole-genome sequencing of 174 Salmonella Typhi and 54 Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates collected through prospective surveillance in the context of a phased typhoid conjugate vaccine introduction in Navi Mumbai, India. We investigate the temporal and geographical patterns of emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the relationship between the spatial distance between households and genetic clustering of isolates. Most isolates were non-susceptible to fluoroquinolones, with nearly 20% containing ≥3 quinolone resistance-determining region mutations. Two H58 isolates carried an IncX3 plasmid containing blaSHV-12, associated with ceftriaxone resistance, suggesting that the ceftriaxone-resistant isolates from India independently evolved on multiple occasions. Among S. Typhi, we identified two main clades circulating (2.2 and 4.3.1 [H58]); 2.2 isolates were closely related following a single introduction around 2007, whereas H58 isolates had been introduced multiple times to the city. Increasing geographic distance between isolates was strongly associated with genetic clustering (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72 per km; 95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.66–0.79). This effect was seen for distances up to 5 km (OR = 0.65 per km; 95% CrI: 0.59–0.73) but not seen for distances beyond 5 km (OR = 1.02 per km; 95% CrI: 0.83–1.26). There was a non-significant reduction in odds of clustering for pairs of isolates in vaccination communities compared with non-vaccination communities or mixed pairs compared with non-vaccination communities. Our findings indicate that S. Typhi was repeatedly introduced into Navi Mumbai and then spread locally, with strong evidence of spatial genetic clustering. In addition to vaccination, local interventions to improve water and sanitation will be critical to interrupt transmission. IMPORTANCE Enteric fever remains a major public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries, as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to emerge. Geographical patterns of typhoidal Salmonella spread, critical to monitoring AMR and planning interventions, are poorly understood. We performed whole-genome sequencing of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A isolates collected in Navi Mumbai, India before and after a typhoid conjugate vaccine introduction. From timed phylogenies, we found two dominant circulating lineages of S. Typhi in Navi Mumbai-lineage 2.2, which expanded following a single introduction a decade prior, and 4.3.1 (H58), which had been introduced repeatedly from other parts of India, frequently containing “triple mutations” conferring high-level ciprofloxacin resistance. Using Bayesian hierarchical statistical models, we found that spatial distance between cases was strongly associated with genetic clustering at a fine scale (

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a very important role in providing real-time data access for Big Data and Internet of Things applications. However, the open deployment, energy constraint, and lack of centralized administration make WSNs very vulnerable to various kinds of malicious attacks. In WSNs identifying malicious sensor devices and eliminating their sensed information plays a very important role for mission critical applications. Standard cryptography and authentication schemes cannot be directly used in WSNs because of the resource constraint nature of sensor devices. Thus, energy efficient and low latency methodology is required for minimizing the impact of malicious sensor devices. This paper presents a secure and load balanced routing (SLBR) scheme for heterogeneous clustered based WSNs. SLBR presents a better trust-based security metric that overcomes the problem when sensors keep oscillating from good to bad state and vice versa, and also SLBR balances load among CH. Thus, aids in achieving better security, packet transmission, and energy efficiency performance. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed SLBR model over existing trust-based routing model namely Exponential Cat Swarm Optimization (ECSO). The result attained shows SLBR model attains better performance than ECSO in terms of energy efficiency (i.e., network lifetime considering first sensor device death and total sensor device death), communication overhead, throughput, packet processing latency, malicious sensor device misclassification rate and identification.

Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC), a local government in Mumbai, India, implemented the first public sector TCV campaign in 2018. This study estimated the delivery costs of this TCV campaign using a Microsoft Excel-based tool based on a micro-costing approach from the government (NMMC) perspective. The campaign's financial (direct expenditures) and economic costs (financial costs plus the monetized value of additional donated or existing items) incremental to the existing immunization program were collected. The data collection methods involved consultations with NMMC staff, reviews of financial and programmatic records of NMMC and the World Health Organization (WHO), and interviews with the health staff of sampled urban health posts (UHPs). Three UHPs were purposively sampled, representing the three dominant residence types in the catchment area: high-rise, slum, and mixed (high-rise and slum) areas. The high-rise area UHP had lower vaccination coverage (47%) compared with the mixed area (71%) and slum area UHPs (76%). The financial cost of vaccine and vaccination supplies (syringes, safety boxes) was $1.87 per dose, and the economic cost was $2.96 per dose in 2018 US dollars. Excluding the vaccine and vaccination supplies cost, the financial delivery cost across the 3 UHPs ranged from $0.37 to $0.53 per dose, and the economic delivery cost ranged from $1.37 to $3.98 per dose, with the highest delivery costs per dose in the high-rise areas. Across all 11 UHPs included in the campaign, the weighted average financial delivery cost was $0.38 per dose, and the economic delivery cost was $1.49 per dose. WHO has recommended the programmatic use of TCV in typhoid-endemic countries, and Gavi has included TCV in its vaccine portfolio. This first costing study of large-scale TCV introduction within a public sector immunization program provides empirical evidence for policymakers, stakeholders, and future vaccine campaign planning.

Purpose: To study the use of sulcus placement of a 3-piece intraocular lens (IOL) with optic capture in patients with exfoliation with zonular weakness. Methods: Data on all exfoliation patients who had direct or indirect evidence of zonular weakness and had a 3-piece IOL implanted in the sulcus with optic capture over a 5-year period between January 2017 and January 2022 were included in this retrospective case series. Results: The study comprised of 35 eyes of 35 patients. The mean age at surgery of the 20 male and 13 female patients was 75.21 years ± 5.74 (standard deviation (SD)). The mean pupillary diameter was 5.77 ± 2.23 mm (range: 10 to 3 mm). A capsular tension ring (CTR) was used in 17 cases and iris hooks as a pupil-expanding device were used in 15 cases. No patients had an increase in inflammation after surgery and there were no late subluxation or dislocation of “in the bag” posterior chamber IOL or major complications. There was a significant improvement in visual acuity. Conclusion: The sulcus placement of 3-piece IOL with optic capture is the ideal technique in patients with clinical or intraoperative evidence of mild to moderate zonular weakness. It may also be more appropriate in relatively younger patients (in the fifties or sixties) with exfoliation with no overt zonulopathy to prevent late subluxation or dislocation of “in the bag” IOL.

Abstract Background Menopause is a biological process when a woman’s reproductive capability is no longer functional. A naturally or artificially caused premenopausal is known as early menopause occurs between the ages 40–45, which substantially impacts fertility and disease influenced by genetic plus environmental factors and their interactions. Women in early menopause are at greater risk of cardiovascular disease, general mortality, neurological disorders, osteoporosis, mental illness, and other problems. Main body A PubMed search of the electronic literature database yielded articles on early menopause and disease etiology. Several unique genes were identified, such as ESR1, ESR2, CYP1B1, BRSK1, HK3, andTMEM150B are associated with early menopause, and research focused on case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies are finding novel predisposition loci for early menopause. Conclusion The current study’s focus is to understand better the genetic aspects of early menopause. This knowledge will help researchers enhance EM etiology and identify biomarkers that may detect early development of the disease, allowing women at risk to begin family planning earlier.

Intraoral schwannomas are rare benign neural neoplasm that originates from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves and present as asymptomatic, solitary, slow-growing, submucosal mass and their occurrence is seen in the second-third decade of life. The most favored intraoral sites are the tongue, palate, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, gingiva, and lips. Histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry is the gold standard for the diagnosis. As malignant transformation and recurrence rate is rare, surgical excision is the preferred treatment. This article provides an insight into a rare case of schwannoma of the buccal mucosa with a review of the literature.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and left atrial myxoma are important cardiac causes of syncope. We present an extremely rare combination of these two diseases in a middle-aged man with syncope. Transthoracic echocardiographic images show the typical features of both conditions. There were no features of progressive cardiomyopathic lentiginosis (LEOPARD syndrome) which is known to be associated with both the conditions.

Breast cancer, a heterogeneous disease, is among the most frequently diagnosed diseases and is the second leading cause of death due to cancer among women after lung cancer. Phytoactives (plant-based derivatives) and their derivatives are safer than synthetic compounds in combating chemoresistance. In the current work, a template-based design of the coumarin derivative was designed to target the ADP-sugar pyrophosphatase protein. The novel coumarin derivative (2R)-2-((S)-sec-butyl)-5-oxo-4-(2-oxochroman-4-yl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-olate was designed. Molecular docking studies provided a docking score of −6.574 kcal/mol and an MM-GBSA value of −29.15 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulation studies were carried out for 500 ns, providing better insights into the interaction. An RMSD change of 2.4 Å proved that there was a stable interaction and that there was no conformational change induced to the receptor. Metadynamics studies were performed to calculate the unbinding energy of the principal compound with NUDT5, which was found to be −75.171 kcal/mol. In vitro validation via a cytotoxicity assay (MTT assay) of the principal compound was carried out with quercetin as a positive control in the MCF7 cell line and with an IC50 value of 55.57 (+/−) 0.7 μg/mL. This work promoted the research of novel natural derivatives to discover their anticancer activity.

Compact polarimetry has gained popularity due to its advantages, such as larger swath, simple architecture and low power consumption. The backscattered signal and scattering decomposition vary for different targets based on their electrical, geometrical and structural properties. As of now, the potential of hybrid polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for exploring Antarctic ice features is not fully explored. Here, we present a comprehensive polarimetric feature analysis and classification results of the hybrid polarimetric dataset acquired by RISAT-1 near the Indian Antarctic research station Maitri. The single-look complex images have been subjected to polarimetric data processing for extracting Antarctic ice features using POLSARPRO software. The polarimetric coherence matrix is generated and then filtered to eliminate speckles. Raney m-X decomposition technique has been utilized to understand the scattering mechanism of the targets. The decomposed RGB image is classified using Wishart-supervised classification, and classification accuracy is assessed using a confusion matrix. It is found that the comparatively simple hybrid polarimetric SAR provides sufficient information to detect and discriminate various Antarctic ice features. Features such as rifts, ice-rises, ice shelves and icebergs are clearly discriminated using Wishart-supervised classification. It is also found that the overall accuracy of the classification of study areas varies between 80% and 97%, suggesting a good classification outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a very important role in providing real-time data access for Big Data and Internet of Things applications. However, the open deployment, energy constraint, and lack of centralized administration make WSNs very vulnerable to various kinds of malicious attacks. In WSNs identifying malicious sensor devices and eliminating their sensed information plays a very important role for mission critical applications. Standard cryptography and authentication schemes cannot be directly used in WSNs because of the resource constraint nature of sensor devices. Thus, energy efficient and low latency methodology is required for minimizing the impact of malicious sensor devices. This paper presents a secure and load balanced routing (SLBR) scheme for heterogeneous clustered based WSNs. SLBR presents a better trust-based security metric that overcomes the problem when sensors keep oscillating from good to bad state and vice versa, and also SLBR balances load among CH. Thus, aids in achieving better security, packet transmission, and energy efficiency performance. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed SLBR model over existing trust-based routing model namely Exponential Cat Swarm Optimization (ECSO). The result attained shows SLBR model attains better performance than ECSO in terms of energy efficiency (i.e., network lifetime considering first sensor device death and total sensor device death), communication overhead, throughput, packet processing latency, malicious sensor device misclassification rate and identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant number of patients with acute coronary occlusion present with atypical electrocardiographic features in the emergency department. The de Winter pattern is suggestive of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Timely identification and immediate reperfusion is of utmost importance in these cases. The electrocardiographic pattern and its evolution in a young patient with acute myocardial infarction is described here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface roughness is an important parameter in deriving energy balance over the polar ice-sheets and glaciers. In Antarctica, roughness appears as snow patches and is affected by wind transport. It is also influenced by snowfall, snowdrifts, snowmelt, and snow grain size. In this paper, we derive surface roughness using a laser distometer. The roughness measurements were collected during the 32nd Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica 2013 (ISEA-32). After removal of all the possible error sources, it is found that around the Indian Antarctic station Bharati (69.41°S, 76.18°E), roughness is in the range of 0.7–1.2 cm. Snowfall and wind introduce fluctuations in surface roughness measurements. Measurements around Maitri (70.76°S, 11.73°E) showed that different ice surfaces have different values of roughness (0.6–1.4 cm), with the minimum roughness in the interior ice sheet surrounded by hummocks. Sastrugi patterns were also captured in the analysis. Backscattering signatures from RADARSAT-2 imagery were examined in conjunction with the roughness measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores some interactive aggregation operators for Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFS). These operators are generalisations of those defined for intuitionistic fuzzy sets. It revises the existing operational rules for Fermatean Fuzzy Numbers (FFNs) to construct interactive aggregation operators for FFSs. The improved operational rules incorporate the effects of the membership and non-membership values of the operand FFNs on the resulting FFN. Based on the weighted arithmetic mean and weighted geometric mean, this article proposes two aggregation operators, namely, the Fermatean Fuzzy Interactive Weighted Averaging (FFIWA) operator and the Fermatean Fuzzy Interactive Weighted Geometric (FFIWG) operator. It discusses some properties of the proposed operators and develops an approach for Multi-Attribute Decision making (MADM) using these operators. A numerical example illustrates the developed approach, which is tested for validity using some evaluation criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study focuses on the utilization of Earth observation satellite-04 (EOS-04) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for maintaining the continuity of the first Indian radar imaging satellite (RISAT)-1 SAR derived products along with exploring the potential of capability of the improved sensor over mountain and polar cryospheric region. Backscattering coefficient (σ0) of various snow and ice features over mountain and polar cryosphere have been analysed to understand the interaction mechanism using C-band SAR data. EOS-04 is able to pick up the spatio-temporal variability of SAR backscatters over accumulation and ablation zone of the glacier due to melt-freeze cycles, and observations were in accordance with variation in elevations over the glacier surface. When analysed for Drang-Drung glacier, wet snow zone was found to be prominently centered around 5500 m elevation zone, having sigmanaught backscatter lower than –10 dB in the ablation months, whereas percolation zone was observed at more than 6000 m elevation with higher sigma-naught backscatter of around –4 dB and above as winter started setting in. EOS-04 also showed the potential to classify various polar ice features based on backscattering signature using HH (H, horizontal) (σ0), HV (V, vertical) (σ0) and normalized difference polarization ratio index (NDPRI) respectively. EOS-04 data have been used to implement approaches to retrieve wet snow cover and set up of Weather Research and Forecasting Model Hydrological Modelling System (WRF hydro) model for snow melt runoff studies, interaction mechanism of snow and ice, snow/ice facies extraction, ice shelf monitoring, sea ice properties and sea ice advisory for Indian scientific expedition to Antarctica. Enrichment of EOS-04 data, suitable for cryosphere studies, will be employed to retrieve parameters such as snowpack properties, elevation, ice surface velocities over mountain and polar region, and to further improve comprehensive understanding on regional and global frozen ice dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]