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Since 2011, an increasing incidence of sexually transmitted infections and risky sexual practices has been reported among young adults in Canada. However, research on sexual risk behaviours of international students in North America is limited, despite an increasing number of students from abroad attending higher education institutions on this continent. This article shares research findings comparing the sexual practices of international and domestic students in five postsecondary institutions in three Canadian provinces (Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec). Two hundred forty-two international students and 1220 domestic students took part in the bilingual online and paper-based survey. Female international students were less likely to be sexually active than international male, domestic male, and domestic female students. International students were significantly less likely to partake in many risky sexual behaviours, such as inconsistent condom use and unplanned sex after consuming alcohol or drugs. However, male international students were more likely to report having multiple sexual partners than male domestic students. These findings are relevant to those who counsel and advise postsecondary students on Canadian campuses and for healthcare practitioners to better understand postsecondary students' sexual practices. Strategies to enhance sexual health and knowledge include targeted promotion of safe sexual practices and sexual education in postsecondary institutions. KEYWORDS: Canada, international students, postsecondary, sexual health, sexual risk behaviour, In Canada, the number of reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, has been increasing between 2011 and 2020; 53% of reported chlamydia cases in 2020 [...]

Psychological and social adjustment and academic success in post-secondary institutions are supported by a sense of belonging to a social group and having meaningful relationships with other students, staff, and faculty members. This exploratory study used a qualitative approach to investigate post-secondary students' sense of belonging in the virtual learning environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted at a small Western Canadian university. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants who were undergraduate students, from various faculties, and in different years in their programs. Findings were clustered into three themes: (1) student expectations of university; (2) impact of virtual learning environments on students; and (3) the role of educators. Recommendations are included to enhance support and belonging for post-secondary students in virtual learning environments. [The publication year on the PDF is incorrect, this article was published in 2022.]

The purpose of the qualitative research study was to identify factors and challenges that led to insecure housing among rural residents in Manitoba, Canada. Using a case study approach, five participants and two key informants were interviewed. When the participants were asked about personal factors and challenges affecting housing insecurity in rural Manitoba, their responses were focused on past and current health issues. Health, including acute and chronic conditions, became the critical intersection of housing insecurity and rurality. Systemic barriers such as invisibility, stigma, and lack of access to healthcare services in the rural setting created additional challenges for participants who required assistance and support to obtain and maintain stable housing. Integration of and collaboration among health, housing, and social service providers and informal supports in the rural community are required to address housing insecurity. Rural communities tend to be unique, therefore, strategies and interventions to diminish or prevent houselessness need to be flexible, targeted, and community-specific.

Harvey Warren Zorbaugh was born in East Cleveland, Ohio (US) on September 20, 1896. He received a BA degree from Vanderbilt University and a PhD in sociology from the University of Chicago. Starting in the mid-1920s, sociologists directed or were centrally involved in clinics in several US cities. In Chicago, Zorbaugh was one of the directors of the Lower North Child Guidance Clinic.

Alice Stokes Paul was born in the United States (USA) on January 11, 1885 at Paulsdale in Mount Laurel, New Jersey. She received a Ph.D. in sociology and devoted her life to achieving rights for women. While her academic work was completed before the term “clinical sociology” was used in the United States, her work certainly should be seen as part of the history of clinical sociology.

Imaging of tumor burden during surgery can lead to better tumor resection. Here, the authors develop a fluorescent probe that binds to carcinoembryonic antigen, expressed on colorectal cancer cells, and describe the results of their phase I clinical trial.

We are very pleased to bring you Volume 17 of the Clinical Sociology Review (CSR). The first volume of the CSR was published in 1982 and Volume 16 was published in 1998. The original sponsor, the Clinical Sociology Association, decided to expand the scope of the organization and the CSR became part of a journal with a different name. Many colleagues thought it was time to reinvent the original journal. We hope you enjoyed reading the first 16 volumes of the CSR by visiting the Wayne State University website at https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/csr/ and that you look forward to reading the new issues.

Lava tubes are powerful heat insulators, allowing lava to practically keep the initial temperature and travel longer distances than when freely flowing on the ground surface. It is thus extremely important to recognize how, when and where these structures form within a lava flow field for hazard assessment purposes, in order to plan possible interventions should a lava flow approach inhabited areas. Often being formed within thick and complex lava flow fields, lava tubes are difficult to detect, study and explore. In this study, we analyse the 1792-93 Etna lava flow field emplaced on a steep slope (>4°) which comprises several lava tubes located at different distances from the eruptive fissure, at different levels within the lava flow field, and showing various inner morphologies, with peculiar inner features related to their maturity and eruptive history. Our aim is to verify whether it is possible to connect the underground features with features observed on the lava flow surface in order to reconstruct the extension of the tube network and unravel the genetic processes. Our results show that, in the studied lava flow field, a clear correspondence is possible between shallow tubes emplaced late during the lava flow field growth and surface textures. In addition, vertical and horizontal tube capture is very widespread, and might be the primary process for lava tube persistence and long life. Our results might be applicable to other lava tubes on Earth and other rocky planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical restraint is frequently used in intensive care units to prevent patients' life‐threatening removal of indwelling devices. In France, their use is poorly studied. Therefore, to evaluate the need for physical restraint, we have designed and implemented a decision support tool. Aims: Besides describing the prevalence of physical restraint use, this study aimed to assess whether the implementation of a nursing decision support tool had an impact on restraint use and to identify the factors associated with this use. Study Design: A large observational, multicentre study with a repeated one‐day point prevalence design was conducted. All adult patients hospitalized in intensive care units were eligible for this study. Two study periods were planned: before (control period) and after (intervention period) the deployment of the decision support tool and staff training. A multilevel model was performed to consider the centre effect. Results: During the control period, 786 patients were included, and 510 were in the intervention period. The prevalence of physical restraint was 28% (95% CI: 25.1%–31.4%) and 25% (95% CI: 21.5%–29.1%) respectively (χ2 = 1.35; p =.24). Restraint was applied by the nurse and/or nurse assistant in 96% of cases in both periods, mainly to wrists (89% vs. 83%, p =.14). The patient‐to‐nurse ratio was significantly lower in the intervention period (1:3.0 ± 1 vs. 1:2.7 ± 0.7, p <.001). In multivariable analysis, mechanical ventilation was associated with physical restraint (aOR [95% CI] = 6.0 [3.5–10.2]). Conclusion: The prevalence of physical restraint use in France was lower than expected. In our study, the decision support tool did not substantially impact physical restraint use. Hence, the decision support tool would deserve to be assessed in a randomized controlled trial. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The decision to physically restrain a patient could be protocolised and managed by critical care nurses. A regular evaluation of the level of sedation could allow the most deeply sedated patients to be exempted from physical restraint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the qualitative research study was to identify factors and challenges that led to insecure housing among rural residents in Manitoba, Canada. Using a case study approach, five participants and two key informants were interviewed. When the participants were asked about personal factors and challenges affecting housing insecurity in rural Manitoba, their responses were focused on past and current health issues. Health, including acute and chronic conditions, became the critical intersection of housing insecurity and rurality. Systemic barriers such as invisibility, stigma, and lack of access to healthcare services in the rural setting created additional challenges for participants who required assistance and support to obtain and maintain stable housing. Integration of and collaboration among health, housing, and social service providers and informal supports in the rural community are required to address housing insecurity. Rural communities tend to be unique, therefore, strategies and interventions to diminish or prevent houselessness need to be flexible, targeted, and community-specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research in this qualitative case study examined the root causes of individuals experiencing houselessness in rural Manitoba communities, the routes they took to their location(s), the supports and services available within rural communities, and the gaps that existed for individuals experiencing houselessness in rural contexts. Interviews were conducted with three individuals and one couple who had--or were--experienced(ing) houselessness and/or mobility transience, and two service providers who worked with rural and/or vulnerable individuals. Findings from the study highlighted themes and sub-themes in relation to both systemic barriers in rural contexts--including (a) invisibility; (b) availability, affordability, quality, and safety of housing; (c) knowledge, availability and navigation of services and supports; (d) employment opportunities; and (e) issues with the healthcare, education, and justice systems--and personal factors and challenges experienced by individuals--including (a) financial issues; (b) trauma, abuse and violence; (c) grief and loss; (d) responsibilities; and (e) issues related to physical health, mental health, and substance use. The establishment of these themes formed the basis for a series of recommendations for government programs; healthcare; education; justice; municipalities, local businesses-organizations, and non-profits; and rural community members more generally. The themes and findings from the study also led to the creation of a series of educational videos available at www.bucares.ca/publications/rural-homelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]