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2. Full Collection of Personal Narratives

Author

Jagsi, Reshma, Perlmutter, Joel S., Curti, Brendan D., Matthews, Leslie, Murray, Leah, Hoke, Ahmet, Draper, Lauren, Burack, Michelle A., Malone, James, Kobashigawa, Jon A., Carr, Brent R., Adler, Kenneth R., Hadaway, Cheryl J., and Behrns, Kevin E.

Published
2022
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3. Gender Differences in the Path to Medical School Deanship

Author

Iyer, Maya S, Bradford, Carol, Gottlieb, Amy S, Kling, David B, Jagsi, Reshma, Mangurian, Christina, Marks, Lilly, Meltzer, Carolyn C, Overholser, Barbara, Silver, Julie K, Way, David P, and Spector, Nancy D

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Gender Equality, Humans, Female, Male, Schools, Medical, Leadership, United States, Faculty, Medical, Qualitative Research, Sex Factors, Adult, Middle Aged, Career Mobility, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

ImportanceWomen account for only 28% of current US medical school deans. Studying the differences between women and men in their preparation to becoming deans might help to explain this discrepancy.ObjectiveTo identify differences in the leadership development experiences between women and men in their ascent to the medical school deanship.Design, setting, and participantsIn this qualitative study, volunteers from the roster of the Association of American Medical Colleges Council of Deans were solicited and interviewed from June 15 to November 9, 2023. Women deans were recruited first, then men who had been appointed to their deanships at a similar time to their women counterparts were recruited. Deans were interviewed on topics related to number of applications for deanships, prior leadership roles, leadership development, personal factors, and career trajectories. Interviews were coded, and themes were extracted through conventional content analysis.Main outcome and measuresCareer and leadership development experiences were elicited using a semistructured interview guide.ResultsWe interviewed 17 women and 17 men deans, representing 25.8% (34 of 132) of the total population of US medical school deans. Most deans (23 [67.6%]) practiced a medicine-based specialty or subspecialty. No statistically significant differences were found between women and men with regard to years to attain deanship (mean [SD], 2.7 [3.4] vs 3.7 [3.7] years), years as a dean (mean [SD], 5.7 [5.2] vs 6.0 [5.0] years), highest salary during career (mean [SD], $525 769 [$199 936] vs $416 923 [$195 848]), or medical school rankings (mean [SD], 315.5 [394.5] vs 480.5 [448.9]). Their reports indicated substantive gender differences in their paths to becoming a dean. Compared with men, women deans reported having to work harder to advance, while receiving less support and opportunities for leadership positions by their own institutions. Subsequently, women sought leadership development from external programs. Women deans also experienced gender bias when working with search firms.Conclusions and relevanceThis qualitative study of US medical school deans found that compared with men, women needed to be more proactive, had to participate in external leadership development programs, and had to confront biases during the search process. For rising women leaders, this lack of support had consequences, such as burnout and attrition, potentially affecting the makeup of future generations of medical school deans. Institutional initiatives centering on leadership development of women is needed to mitigate the gender biases and barriers faced by aspiring women leaders.

Published
2024

5. Policies to Support Lactation at Highly Ranked US Medical Schools

Author

Santhosh, Lekshmi, Vo, Ashley, Wick, Caroline, Mourad, Michelle, Sarkar, Urmimala, Jagsi, Reshma, and Mangurian, Christina

Subjects
Health Sciences, Quality Education, Female, Humans, Schools, Medical, Breast Feeding, Lactation, Policy, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

This cross-sectional study analyzes lactation support policies at the top 50 US schools of medicine.

Published
2023

6. Strategies to Support Faculty Caregivers at U.S. Medical Schools

Author

Cutter, Christina M, Szczygiel, Lauren A, Jones, Rochelle DeCastro, Perry, Lydia, Mangurian, Christina, and Jagsi, Reshma

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Female, Schools, Medical, Caregivers, Pandemics, COVID-19, Faculty, Medical, Clinical Sciences, Curriculum and Pedagogy, General & Internal Medicine, Curriculum and pedagogy, Health services and systems
Abstract

PurposeTo describe the policies, processes, and programs at U.S. medical schools to support faculty caregivers before and in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodIn 2021, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation and founding members of the COVID-19 Fund to Retain Clinical Scientists (FRCS) Collaborative launched and supported the COVID-19 FRCS program to recognize medical schools and their efforts to strengthen policies, processes, and programs supporting biomedical faculty with family caregiving responsibilities in the context of COVID-19-related impacts. The authors conducted a qualitative conceptual content analysis of the deidentified, open-ended responses submitted by institutions in their applications to the COVID-19 FRCS program and summarized the reported strategies using recurring patterns and common approaches.ResultsFifty-four institutions applied to the COVID-19 FRCS program in 2021 and were included in this study. COVID-19-related impacts on biomedical faculty included stymied career progression and academic productivity, exacerbated career-caregiving time conflicts, adverse effects on family and personal well-being and mental health, increased financial hardships, and amplified faculty caregiver stigma. The described policies, processes, and programs to support faculty caregivers fell into 4 domains: support for dependent care, career and workplace flexibility, career development support, and institutional culture change to reduce stigma. COVID-19-related modifications spanned these domains with remote and flexible work manifesting as disruptive changes. Strategies to support women and underrepresented in medicine faculty, who bear a disproportionate burden of caregiving responsibilities, centered on career development support and institutional culture change. The projected durability of the enacted changes varied by institution and across strategies.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic presents a disruptive opportunity to translate lessons learned into positive change to better support faculty caregivers, particularly women and underrepresented in medicine faculty. This study's findings provide a framework to guide sustainable change to support equity, diversity, and vitality in the academic biomedical workforce.

Published
2023

7. Informal Caregiving Among Faculty at a Large Academic Health Sciences University in the United States: an Opportunity for Policy Changes

Author

Rennels, Carolyn, Murthy, Snehal G, Handley, Margaret A, Morris, Meghan D, Alldredge, Brian K, Dahiya, Priya, Jagsi, Reshma, Kerns, Jennifer L, and Mangurian, Christina

Subjects
Curriculum and Pedagogy, Education, Academic medicine, Family leave policy, Informal caregiving, Physician burnout, Women faculty, Psychiatry, Curriculum and pedagogy
Abstract

ObjectiveThis article aims to determine the prevalence of caregiving among faculty at a large academic health sciences institution, to examine the effect of gender and other demographic and professional covariates on caregiving status, and to explore caregiver-generated policy recommendations.MethodA cross-sectional, mixed-methods survey was collected from June through August 2018. Participants were faculty within one of the institution's health professional schools (dentistry, medicine, nursing, or pharmacy) receiving at least 50% salary from the institution. In addition to demographic information, we collected academic series and rank, and assessed association between covariates on caregiving status using logistic regression. We analyzed open-ended responses using thematic analysis to identify themes in caregiver barriers and policy suggestions.ResultsAmong 657 eligible respondents, 11.4% were informal caregivers. Women were more likely to be caregivers than men (aOR 2.53, 95% CI: 1.40, 4.78), as were older faculty. Caregivers identified unsupportive climate or unrealistic work expectations, concern about career advancement, insufficient information about policies, and concern about colleague burden as barriers to support. Suggestions for workplace support included improved leave policies, increased flexibility, caregiver resource support, improved clarity and dissemination of policy information, and financial support.ConclusionsWomen faculty are more likely to be informal caregivers, exacerbating disparities within academic medicine for promotion and retention among women faculty. Institutions might include caregiving status in annual burnout surveys to guide the development of structural support and policies for extension of family leave beyond childbearing (or catastrophic leave), flexibility in work hours, and subsidized eldercare services.

Published
2023

8. Gender Composition in Biomedical Research Grant Submissions and Grant Review Panels Before Versus During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Author

Roubinov, Danielle, Griffith, Kent, Simone, Nicole, Alvarez, Sindy, Jagsi, Reshma, Mangurian, Christina, and Thomas, Marilyn

Subjects
COVID-19, gender, grant review panels, grant submissions, Male, Humans, Female, COVID-19, Pandemics, Biomedical Research, Financing, Organized, Longitudinal Studies
Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the gender composition of career development award applicants and grant review panels during the pandemic compared with that beforehand. Methods: Data were collected from 14 Health Research Alliance (HRA) organizations, which fund biomedical research and training. HRA members provided the gender of grant applicants and grant reviewers during the pandemic (April 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021) and prepandemic (April 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020). The signed-rank test compared medians and the chi square test compared the overall gender distribution. Results: The total number of applicants was similar during the pandemic (N = 3,724) and prepandemic (N = 3,882) periods, as was the percentage of women applicants (45.2% pandemic vs. 44.9% prepandemic, p = 0.78). The total number of men and women grant reviewers declined during the pandemic (N = 856) compared with that pre-pandemic (N = 1,689); this decrease was driven by a change for the largest funder. Also driven by changes for this one funder, the percentage of total grant reviewers who were women increased significantly during the pandemic (45.9%) compared with that during prepandemic (38.8%; p = 0.001), but the median percentage of women grant reviewers across organizations remained similar during the pandemic (43.6%) and prepandemic periods (38.2%; p = 0.53). Conclusions: In a sample of research organizations, the gender composition of grant applicants and grant review panels remained similar, except for the review panel composition for one large funder. Given evidence from other studies that have revealed gender differences in other career and life experiences of scientists during the pandemic, ongoing evaluation of womens representation in grant submission and review mechanisms is essential.

Published
2023

10. Validation of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients With Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer Receiving Comprehensive Nodal Irradiation in the RadComp Trial

Author

Godette, Karen D., Patel, Sagar, Langen, Katja M., Zielan, Ryan R., DeBlois, David, Pang, Dalong, Rudra, Sonali, Benhabib, Sidi, Chawla, Ashish, Chen, Kuanling, Dadkhah, Hossein, Majithia, Lonika, Rao, Avani D., Stephenson, Lisa, Wang, Peng, Croog, Victoria J., Li, Heng, Smith, Karen, Stinson, Susan, Walker, Amanda J., Devisetty, Kiran, Hyde, Christian, Depauw, Nicholas, Godishala, Anuradha, Ho, Alice, Paganetti, Harald, Soto, Daniel, Suero-Abreu, Giselle, Taghian, Alphonse G., Corbin, Kimberly S., Halyard, Michele Y., Jackson, Amanda, Liang, Xiaoying, Manke, Heather, McGee, Lisa A., Pafundi, Deanna H., Remmes, Nicholas B., Shumway, Dean A., Yan, Elizabeth S., Bakhoum, Samuel F., Barron, David A., Bernstein, Michael, Cuaron, John J., Dover, Laura, Gelblum, Daphna Y., Gilbo, Philip, Gewanter, Richard M., Guttman, David M., Hong, Linda, Khan, Atif, LaPlant, Quincey, Mann, Justin, McCormick, Beryl, Mueller, Boris A., Mychalczak, Borys, Parikh, Dhwani, Powell, Simon N., Romesser, Paul B., Roth O'Brien, Diana, Schupak, Karen D., Shepherd, Annemarie F., Xu, Amy, Yu, Anthony, Zinovoy, Melissa, Bennouna, Jaafar, Fagundes, Marcio, Panoff, Joseph, Amelia Rodrigues, Maria, Yu, Jen, Lee, Choonsik, Chen, Chin-Cheng, Choi, J. Isabelle, Lin, Haibo, Akthar, Adil S., Akhter, Nausheen, Mihalcik, Stephen A., Pankuch, Mark, Parhar, Preeti K., Stutz, Michael D., Thukral, Arpi D., Mah, Dennis, Tsai, Henry K., Paulus, Rebecca, Haffty, Bruce G., Goyal, Sharad, Yue, Ning J., Sturgeon, Jared D., Wilkinson, J. Ben, Boggs, D. Hunter, Cardan, Rex A., Dalton, Allison, McDonald, Andrew, Prior, Fred, Mayadev, Jyoti S., Moiseenko, Vitali, Narezkina, Anya, Phreaner, Nicholas, Rash, Dominique, Seibert, Tyler, Yashar, Catheryn, Daugherty, Emily C., Mascia, Anthony, Medek, Sara A., Meier, Teresa, Bradley, Julie A., Lockney, Natalie, Mailhot, Raymond B., Mendenhall, Nancy, Rutenberg, Michael, Harris, Eleanor E., Lyons, Janice, Hong, Jack J., Kunaprayoon, Dan K., McAvoy, Sarah A., Manu Mysore, Nowak Choi, Kamila A., Patel, Akshar N., Vyfhuis, Melissa A.L., Wilson, Joelle, Algan, Ozer, Chen, Yong, Henson, Christina E., Dvorak, Tomas, Willoughby, Twyla, Zeidan, Omar, Berman, Abigail T., Chen, Et-tsu, Dong, Lei, Driscoll, Amanda, Feigenberg, Steven J., Feriozzi, Ashley, Hencek, Carolyn, Kolker, James D., Konski, Andre A., Ky, Bonnie, Lin, Lilie L., Novick, Kristina L., Reza, Nosheen, Siegal, Ann Marie, Tabakha, Sara, Taunk, Neil K., Wilcox, Nicholas, Zou, Wei, Bhooshan, Neha, Croley, Richard, Weksberg, David C., Ahmad, Neelour, Hoffman, Karen E., Joyner, Melissa M., Mitchell, Melissa P., Poenisch, Falk, Smith, Benjamin D., Strom, Eric A., Vallabhaneni, Srilakshmi, Cheng, Richard, Kang, Kylie H., Kim, H. Katherine, Kim, Janice N., Wang, Waylene A., Wong, Tony, Bosch, Walter, Mitchell, Joshua, Straube, William, Zoberi, Imran, Balanescu, Dinu, Chen, Peter Y., Dilworth, Joshua T., Ding, Xuanfeng, Donisan, Teodora, Hamstra, Daniel A., Daniella Dang, Phuong, Katz, Stanford, Wang, Chiachien J., Terry Wu, Hahn, Elizabeth A., Pugh, Stephanie L., Lu, Hien L., Vela, Alyssa M., Gillespie, Erin F., Nichols, Elizabeth M., Wright, Jean L., MacDonald, Shannon M., Cahlon, Oren, Baas, Carole, Braunstein, Lior Z., Fang, L. Christine, Freedman, Gary M., Jimenez, Rachel B., Kesslering, Christy M., Mishra, Mark V., Mutter, Robert W., Ohri, Nisha, Rosen, Lane R., Urbanic, James J., Jagsi, Reshma, Mitchell, Sandra A., Bekelman, Justin E., and Cella, David

Published
2024
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12. Organizations in science and medicine must hold each other accountable for discriminatory practices.

Author

Silver, Julie, Booth, Garrett, Chatterjee, Archana, Crusto, Cindy, El-Sayed, Nuha, Fleming, Talya, Gavini, Nara, Golden, Sherita, Jacobs, Jeremy, Jagsi, Reshma, Larson, Allison, Liu, Howard, Lorello, Gianni, Muir, Roshell, Spector, Nancy, Stanford, Fatima, Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica, Zafonte, Ross, and Shim, Ruth

Abstract

Many organizations persist in working with others that engage in known, remediable structural discrimination. We name this practice interorganizational structural discrimination (ISD) and argue it is a pivotal contributor to inequities in science and medicine. We urge organizations to leverage their relationships and demand progress from collaborators.

Published
2022

13. Impact of Sexual Harassment and Social Support on Burnout in Physician Mothers.

Author

Linos, Elizabeth, Lasky-Fink, Jessica, Halley, Meghan, Sarkar, Urmimala, Mangurian, Christina, Sabry, Hala, Linos, Eleni, and Jagsi, Reshma

Subjects
Humans, Sexual Harassment, Burnout, Professional, Social Support, Physicians, Workplace, Female, Surveys and Questionnaires, burnout, sexual harassment, social support, women physicians, Behavioral and Social Science, Mind and Body, Clinical Research, Management of diseases and conditions, 7.1 Individual care needs, Medical and Health Sciences, Public Health
Abstract

Background: Burnout affects >50% of physicians, especially women. This study aimed to examine how negative workplace interactions can predict burnout, and whether positive social interactions can mitigate risk. Materials and Methods: In a study of 1627 physician mothers who responded to a survey by the Physician Moms Group, an online Facebook group, we first examined the association between workplace sexual harassment and burnout. In an embedded experiment, we then measured the causal impact of priming perceived social support and connectedness on the three dimensions of employee burnout. Results: Two-thirds of respondents reported having experienced sexual harassment in the past year. Sexual harassment by patients was associated with 0.27 points higher emotional exhaustion, one dimension of burnout (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12-0.41), equivalent to the predicted impact of an additional 22 weekly work hours on emotional exhaustion. Sexual harassment by patients was also associated with 0.40 points higher patient depersonalization, another dimension of burnout (95% CI 0.27-0.53). Sexual harassment by colleagues was associated with 0.16 points higher emotional exhaustion (95% CI 0.02-0.30), but not other dimensions of burnout. We found no significant relationship between experiences of sexual harassment and levels of personal accomplishment (the third dimension of burnout) among this sample. Priming physician mothers to reflect on their connectedness with other physician mothers significantly increased their sense of personal accomplishment. The priming intervention did not yield a significant effect on emotional exhaustion or depersonalization. Conclusions: Negative and positive social interactions each affect different dimensions of burnout. Sexual harassment-a pervasive type of negative social interaction-strongly predicts emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Reflecting on social connectedness-a type of positive social interaction-can improve one's sense of personal accomplishment with an effect similar in magnitude to more intensive in-person interventions, suggesting that social connectedness through online groups merits further consideration as a tool to mitigate burnout.

Published
2022

14. Financial toxicity impact on younger versus older adults with cancer in the setting of care delivery

Author

Corrigan, Kelsey L, Fu, Shuangshuang, Chen, Ying‐Shiuan, Kaiser, Kelsey, Roth, Michael, Peterson, Susan K, Shih, Ya‐Chen T, Jagsi, Reshma, Giordano, Sharon H, Volk, Robert J, Yabroff, K Robin, Banegas, Mathew P, Acquati, Chiara, Conti, Rena M, Y., Hilary, Ku, Kimberly, You, Y Nancy, and Smith, Grace L

Subjects
Aging, Cancer, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cost of Illness, Financial Stress, Health Expenditures, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, cancer survivors, financial toxicity, health care disparities, neoplasms, young adult, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundYoung adults and other working-age adults with cancer are at risk for cancer-related financial toxicity (FT), including material hardships, depletion of coping resources, and psychological burden. This study compares FT domains in young adults (18-39 years old) (YAs), other working-age adults (40-64 years old), and older adults (≥65 years old) receiving cancer care.MethodsA total of 311 adults were surveyed using the multi-domain Economic Strain and Resilience in Cancer instrument measuring FT (0-10 score indicating least to greatest FT; score ≥5 severe FT). Participants were receiving ambulatory care from March-September 2019. Associations of age with overall FT and material hardship, coping resource depletion, and psychological burden FT domains were tested using Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 tests and multivariable generalized linear models with gamma distribution.ResultsYAs (median age, 31.5 years) comprised 9.6% of the sample; other working-age adults comprised 56.9%. Overall, material, coping, and psychological FT scores were worse in younger age adults versus older adults (P

Published
2022

15. Quiet, Yet Enormous, Steps Toward Gender Equity During COVID-19

Author

Mangurian, Christina V, Jagsi, Reshma, and Weinstein, Debra F

Subjects
Curriculum and Pedagogy, Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Education, COVID-19, Gender Equity, Health Equity, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Clinical Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Curriculum and pedagogy, Health services and systems
Published
2022

22. Factors Associated With Endowed Chair Allocation in Medical Oncology in the United States

Author

Jia, Lena, Rooney, Michael Kevin, Jacobson, Clare E, Griffith, Kent A, Mangurian, Christina, Jagsi, Reshma, and Markham, Merry Jennifer

Subjects
Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Cancer, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Efficiency, Faculty, Medical, Female, Humans, Leadership, Male, Medical Oncology, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), United States
Abstract

To explore persisting gender disparities across leadership roles in medicine, we examined factors associated with holding endowed chairs in US oncology divisions. In 2019, we identified 95 academic oncology divisions, using the Oncology Division Chiefs and Department Chairs listing in the American Society of Clinical Oncology myConnection forum. We collected public information on gender, degree, total National Institutes of Health funding as principal investigator, H-indices, publication and citation numbers, and graduation year and constructed a multivariable logistic regression model. All statistical tests were 2-sided. We identified 1087 oncology full professors. Of these, 287 (26.4%) held endowed chairs: 60 of 269 women (22.3%) vs 227 of 818 men (27.8%) (P = .08). On multivariable analysis, greater research productivity and National Institutes of Health funding were associated with having an endowed chair (P

Published
2022

23. Mentoring Underrepresented Minority Physician-Scientists to Success

Author

Kalet, Adina, Libby, Anne M, Jagsi, Reshma, Brady, Kathleen, Chavis-Keeling, Deborah, Pillinger, Michael H, Daumit, Gail L, Drake, Amelia F, Drake, Wonder Puryear, Fraser, Victoria, Ford, Daniel, Hochman, Judith S, Jones, Rochelle D, Mangurian, Christina, Meagher, Emma A, McGuinness, Georgeann, Regensteiner, Judith G, Rubin, Deborah C, Yaffe, Kristine, and Ravenell, Joseph E

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Faculty, Medical, Female, Humans, Male, Mentoring, Mentors, Minority Groups, Physicians, United States, Clinical Sciences, Curriculum and Pedagogy, General & Internal Medicine, Curriculum and pedagogy, Health services and systems
Abstract

As the nation seeks to recruit and retain physician-scientists, gaps remain in understanding and addressing mitigatable challenges to the success of faculty from underrepresented minority (URM) backgrounds. The Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Fund to Retain Clinical Scientists program, implemented in 2015 at 10 academic medical centers in the United States, seeks to retain physician-scientists at risk of leaving science because of periods of extraordinary family caregiving needs, hardships that URM faculty-especially those who identify as female-are more likely to experience. At the annual Fund to Retain Clinical Scientists program directors conference in 2018, program directors-21% of whom identify as URM individuals and 13% as male-addressed issues that affect URM physician-scientists in particular. Key issues that threaten the retention of URM physician-scientists were identified through focused literature reviews; institutional environmental scans; and structured small- and large-group discussions with program directors, staff, and participants. These issues include bias and discrimination, personal wealth differential, the minority tax (i.e., service burdens placed on URM faculty who represent URM perspectives on committees and at conferences), lack of mentorship training, intersectionality and isolation, concerns about confirming stereotypes, and institutional-level factors. The authors present recommendations for how to create an environment in which URM physician-scientists can expect equitable opportunities to thrive, as institutions demonstrate proactive allyship and remove structural barriers to success. Recommendations include providing universal training to reduce interpersonal bias and discrimination, addressing the consequences of the personal wealth gap through financial counseling and benefits, measuring the service faculty members provide to the institution as advocates for URM faculty issues and compensating them appropriately, supporting URM faculty who wish to engage in national leadership programs, and sustaining institutional policies that address structural and interpersonal barriers to inclusive excellence.

Published
2022

24. Rising to the Challenge: Strategies to Support Latinas and Other Women of Color in Science and Medicine

Author

Rodriguez, Carolyn I, Jagsi, Reshma, and Mangurian, Christina

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Generic health relevance, Gender Equality, Female, Health Equity, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Physicians, Skin Pigmentation, Workforce, Clinical Sciences, Curriculum and Pedagogy, General & Internal Medicine, Curriculum and pedagogy, Health services and systems
Abstract

Although the number of Hispanic/Latina women earning medical degrees has increased in recent years, the article by Anaya and colleagues in this issue highlights their stark underrepresentation in the U.S. physician workforce. In this Invited Commentary, the authors provide context on proposed drivers of underrepresentation, including bias, discrimination, harassment, and other structural barriers, which are amplified for women with multiple minoritized identities. They summarize the 2020 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recommendations for supporting women in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) fields, including committed leadership, dedicated financial and human resources, data-driven accountability, and use of an intersectional approach to address the challenges faced by individuals who encounter multiple forms of bias and discrimination. The authors also provide additional recommendations and highlight innovative new National Institutes of Health funding opportunities to promote diversity in the scientific workforce. They argue that more research is needed to identify and best implement institutional practices that increase representation and retention of Latina women and other women with minoritized identities in STEMM fields.

Published
2022

25. Current clinical practice in the management of phyllodes tumors of the breast: an international cross-sectional study among surgeons and oncologists

Author

Sars, Carl, Sackey, Helena, Frisell, Jan, Dickman, Paul W., Karlsson, Fredrik, Kindts, Isabelle, Marta, Gustavo Nader, Freitas-Junior, Ruffo, Tvedskov, Tove Filtenborg, Kassem, Loay, Ali, Ahmed S., Ihalainen, Hanna, Neron, Mathias, Kontos, Michalis, Kaidar-Person, Orit, Meattini, Icro, Francken, Anne Brecht, van Duijnhoven, Frederieke, Moberg, Ingvild Ona, Marinko, Tanja, Kollar, Attila, Ahmed, Mahbubl, Remoundos, Dennis, Banks, Jenny, Jagsi, Reshma, Dossett, Lesly A., and Lindqvist, Ebba K.

Published
2023
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26. The Lancet Breast Cancer Commission

Author

Arreola-Ornelas, Hector, Bhadelia, Afsan, Boughey, Judy C, Chatterjee, Sanjoy, Dodwell, David, Doubova, Svetlana, Du Plooy, Dorothy, Essue, Beverley, Goel, Neha, Gralow, Julie, Hawley, Sarah, Kiely, Belinda, Mann, Ritse, Mertz, Shirley, Palmieri, Carlo, Poortmans, Philip, Spanic, Tanja, Stephen, Lesley, Symmans, Fraser, Towns, Catherine, Verhoeven, Didier, Vinnicombe, Sarah, Watkins, David, Yip, Cheng-Har, Zikmund-Fisher, Brian, Coles, Charlotte E, Earl, Helena, Anderson, Benjamin O, Barrios, Carlos H, Bienz, Maya, Bliss, Judith M, Cameron, David A, Cardoso, Fatima, Cui, Wanda, Francis, Prudence A, Jagsi, Reshma, Knaul, Felicia Marie, McIntosh, Stuart A, Phillips, Kelly-Anne, Radbruch, Lukas, Thompson, Mareike K, André, Fabrice, Abraham, Jean E, Bhattacharya, Indrani S, Franzoi, Maria Alice, Drewett, Lynsey, Fulton, Alexander, Kazmi, Farasat, Inbah Rajah, Dharrnesha, Mutebi, Miriam, Ng, Dianna, Ng, Szeyi, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I, Rosa, William E, Rubasingham, Jeffrey, Spence, Dingle, Stobart, Hilary, Vargas Enciso, Valentina, Vaz-Luis, Ines, and Villarreal-Garza, Cynthia

Published
2024
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27. Evaluation of Sexual Harassment Policies at Medical Institutions to Understand Attention to Harassment of Physicians by Patients

Author

Reed, Gabriela, Ahmad, Sarah R, Khoong, Elaine C, Olazo, Kristan, Jagsi, Reshma, Mangurian, Christina, and Sarkar, Urmimala

Subjects
Adult, Family, Female, Health Facilities, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Stress, Patients, Physicians, Sexual Harassment, United States, Workplace Violence
Abstract

This quality improvement study assesses the policies of top US medical centers for addressing sexual harassment of physicians by patients.

Published
2021

30. Radiotherapy to regional nodes in early breast cancer: an individual patient data meta-analysis of 14 324 women in 16 trials

Author

Taylor, Carolyn, Dodwell, David, McGale, Paul, Hills, Robert K, Berry, Richard, Bradley, Rosie, Braybrooke, Jeremy, Clarke, Mike, Gray, Richard, Holt, Francesca, Liu, Zulian, Pan, Hongchao, Peto, Richard, Straiton, Ewan, Coles, Charlotte, Duane, Fran, Hennequin, Christophe, Jones, Glenn, Kühn, Thorsten, Oliveros, Sileida, Overgaard, Jens, Pritchard, Kathy I, Suh, Chang-Ok, Beake, Graham, Boddington, Clare, Davies, Christina, Davies, Lucy, Evans, Vaughan, Gay, Jo, Gettins, Lucy, Godwin, Jon, James, Sam, Kerr, Amanda, Liu, Hui, MacKinnon, Elizabeth, Mannu, Gurdeep, McHugh, Theresa, Morris, Philip, Nakahara, Mariko, Read, Simon, Taylor, Hannah, Ferguson, John, Scheurlen, Hans, Zurrida, Stefano, Galimberti, Viviana, Ingle, James, Valagussa, Pinuccia, Veronesi, Umberto, Anderson, Stewart, Tang, Gong, Fisher, Bernard, Fossa, Sophie, Valborg Reinertsen, Kristin, Host, Herman, Muss, Hyman, Holli, Kaija, Albain, Kathy, Arriagada, Rodrigo, Bartlett, John, Bergsten-Nordström, Elizabeth, Bliss, Judith, Brain, Etienne, Carey, Lisa, Coleman, Robert, Cuzick, Jack, Davidson, Nancy, Del Mastro, Lucia, Di Leo, Angelo, Dignam, James, Dowsett, Mitch, Ejlertsen, Bent, Francis, Prue, García-Sáenz, José Angel, Gelber, Rich, Gnant, Michael, Goetz, Matthew, Goodwin, Pam, Halpin-Murphy, Pat, Hayes, Dan, Hill, Catherine, Jagsi, Reshma, Janni, Wolfgang, Loibl, Sibylle, Mamounas, Eleftherios, Martín, Miguel, McIntosh, Stuart, Mukai, Hirofumi, Nekljudova, Valentina, Norton, Larry, Ohashi, Yasuo, Piccart, Martine, Pierce, Lori, Raina, Vinod, Rea, Daniel, Regan, Meredith, Robertson, John, Rutgers, Emiel, Salgado, Roberto, Slamon, Dennis, Spanic, Tanja, Sparano, Joseph, Steger, Guenther, Toi, Masakazu, Tutt, Andrew, Viale, Giuseppe, Wang, Xiang, Wilcken, Nicholas, Wolmark, Norman, Yu, Ke-Da, Cameron, David, Bergh, Jonas, Swain, Sandra, Whelan, Tim, and Poortmans, Philip

Published
2023
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34. Radiation Oncology Residency Training Program Integration of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: An Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology Equity and Inclusion Subcommittee Inaugural Program Director Survey

Author

Williams, Vonetta M., Franco, Idalid, Tye, Karen E., Jagsi, Reshma, Sim, Austin J., Oladeru, Oluwadamilola T., Rivera, Amanda, Toumbou, Kadiata, Suneja, Gita, Deville, Curtiland, Jr, Siker, Malika L., Halasz, Lia M., Balogun, Onyinye D., Vapiwala, Neha, and Elmore, Shekinah N.C.

Published
2023
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35. Radiation Oncology Resident Perspectives on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: An Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology Equity and Inclusion Subcommittee Inaugural Resident Survey

Author

Williams, Vonetta M., Franco, Idalid, Tye, Karen E., Jagsi, Reshma, Sim, Austin J., Oladeru, Oluwadamilola T., Rivera, Amanda, Toumbou, Kadiata, Suneja, Gita, Deville, Curtiland, Jr, Siker, Malika L., Halasz, Lia M., Balogun, Onyinye D., Vapiwala, Neha, and Elmore, Shekinah N.C.

Published
2023
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38. Anthracycline-containing and taxane-containing chemotherapy for early-stage operable breast cancer: a patient-level meta-analysis of 100 000 women from 86 randomised trials

Author

Braybrooke, Jeremy, Bradley, Rosie, Gray, Richard, Hills, Robert K, Pan, Hongchao, Peto, Richard, Dodwell, David, McGale, Paul, Taylor, Carolyn, Aihara, Tomohiko, Anderson, Stewart, Blum, Joanne, Cardoso, Fatima, Chen, Xiaosong, Crown, John P, Ejlertsen, Bent, Friedl, Thomas W P, Harbeck, Nadia, Janni, Wolfgang, Jensen, Maj-Britt, Mamounas, Eleftherios, Narui, Kazutaka, Nitz, Ulrike, Norton, Larry, O'Shaughnessy, Joyce, Piccart, Martine, Robert, Nicholas, Shao, Zhi-Ming, Slamon, Dennis, Sparano, Joseph, Watanabe, Toru, Yothers, Greg, Yu, Ke-Da, Berry, Richard, Boddington, Clare, Clarke, Mike, Davies, Christina, Davies, Lucy, Duane, Fran, Evans, Vaughan, Gay, Jo, Gettins, Lucy, Godwin, Jon, James, Sam, Lui, Hui, Lui, Zulian, MacKinnon, Elizabeth, Mannu, Gurdeep, McHugh, Theresa, Morris, Philip, Read, Simon, Straiton, Ewan, Buzdar, Aman, Suman, Vera J, Hunt, Kelly K, Leonard, Robert C F, Mansi, Janine, Delbaldo, Catherine, Piedbois, Pascal, Quinaux, Emmanuel, Fesl, Christian, Gnant, Michael, Sölkner, Lidija, Steger, Guenther, Eikesdal, Hans Petter, Lønning, Per Eystein, Bee, Valerie, Fung, Helena, Mackey, John, Martin, Miguel, Press, Michael, De Azambuja, Evandro, Gelber, Richard, Regan, Meredith, Di Leo, Angelo, Van Dooren, Veerle, Nogaret, Jean Marie, Bartlett, John, Chen, Bingshu E, Gelmon, Karen, Goss, Paul E, Levine, Mark N, Parulekar, Wendy, Pritchard, Kathleen I, Shepherd, Lois, Berry, Donald, Cirrincione, Constance, Shulman, Lawrence N, Winer, Eric, Gelman, Rebecca S, Harris, Jay R, Henderson, Craig, Shapiro, Charles L, Christiansen, Peer, Ewertz, Marianne, Mouridsen, Henning T, Van Leeuwen, Elise, Linn, Sabine, Van Rossum, Annelot G J, Van Tinteren, Harm, Van Werkhoven, Erik, Goldstein, Lori, Gray, Robert, Eiermann, Wolfgang, Gianni, Luca, Valagussa, Pinuccia, Bogaerts, Jan, Bonnefoi, Herve, Poncet, Coralie, Huovinen, Riikka, Joensuu, Heikki, Bonneterre, Jacques, Fargeot, Pierre, Fumoleau, Pierre, Kerbrat, Pierre, Luporsi, Elisabeth, Namer, Moïse, Carrasco, Eva M, Segui, Miguel Angel, Meisner, Christoph, Loibl, Sibylle, Nekljudova, Valentina, Thomssen, Christoph, Von Minckwitz, Gunter, Kümmel, Sherko, Lopez, Massimo, Vici, Patrizia, Fountzilas, George, Koliou, Georgia, Mavroudis, Dimitrios, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Brain, Etienne, Delaloge, Suzette, Michiels, Stefan, Mathoulin-Pelissier, Simone, Bines, Jose, Sarmento, Roberta M B, Bonadonna, Gianni, Brambilla, Cristina, Rossi, Anna, Bliss, Judith, Coombes, Raoul Charles, Kilburn, Lucy, Marty, Michel, Amadori, Dino, Boccardo, Francesco, Nanni, Oriana, Rubagotti, Alessandra, Scarpi, Emanuela, Masuda, Norikazu, Toi, Masakazu, Ueno, Takayuki, Ishikawa, Takashi, Matsumoto, Koji, Takao, Shintaro, Sommer, Harald, Foroglou, Pericles, Giokas, George, Kondylis, D, Lissaios, Byron, Reinisch, Mattea, Lee, Keun Seok, Nam, Byung-Ho, Ro, Jung Sil, De Matteis, Andrea, Perrone, Francesco, Tang, Gong, Wolmark, Norman, Hozumi, Yasuo, Nomura, Yasuo, Earl, Helena, Hiller, Louise, Vallier, Anne-Laure, De Mastro, Lucia, Venturini, Macro, Delozier, Thierry, Lemonnier, Jerome, Martin, Anne-Laure, Roché, Henri, Spielmann, Marc, Chen, Xiasong, Shen, Kunwei, Albain, Kathy, Barlow, William, Budd, George T, Gralow, Julie, Hayes, Dan, Bartlett-Lee, Peter, Ellis, Paul, Bianco, Angelo Raffaele, De Laurentiis, Michelino, De Placido, Sabino, Wildiers, Hans, Hsu, Limin, Eremin, Oleg, Walker, Leslie G, Ahlgren, Johan, Blomqvist, Carl, Holmberg, Lars, Lindman, Henrik, Asmar, Lina, Jones, Stephen E, Gluz, Oleg, Liedtke, Cornelia, Arriagada, Rodrigo, Bergsten-Nordström, Elizabeth, Carey, Lisa, Coleman, Robert, Cuzick, Jack, Davidson, Nancy, Dignam, James, Dowsett, Mitch, Francis, Prudence A, Goetz, Matthew P, Goodwin, Pam, Halpin-Murphy, Pat, Hill, Catherine, Jagsi, Reshma, Mukai, Hirofumi, Ohashi, Yasuo, Pierce, Lori, Poortmans, Philip, Raina, Vinod, Rea, Daniel, Robertson, John, Rutgers, Emiel, Salgado, Roberto, Spanic, Tanja, Tutt, Andrew, Viale, Giuseppe, Wang, Xiang, Whelan, Tim, Wilcken, Nicholas, Cameron, David, Bergh, Jonas, and Swain, Sandra M

Published
2023
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40. Cannabis Use in Patients Seen in an Academic Radiation Oncology Department

Author

Cousins, Matthew M., Mayo, Chuck, Devasia, Theresa, Dykstra, Michael, Regan, Samuel, Miller, Sean, Allen, Steven G., Bryant, Alex K., Morales-Rivera, Krystal, Herr, Daniel J., Edwards, Donna M., Takayesu, Jamie, Birer, Samuel, Egerer, Nancy, Evans, Joseph, Elliott, David, Henderson, Caitlin, Laucis, Anna M., McFarlane, Matthew, Dragovic, Aleksandar F., Shah, Jennifer, Hayman, James A., Coughlin, Lara N., Ilgen, Mark, and Jagsi, Reshma

Published
2023
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42. List of contributors

Author

Aaron, Daniel, primary, Abrams, Ross A., additional, Agarwal, Mohit S., additional, Agbafe, Victor, additional, Ajaikumar, B.S., additional, Anderson, Eric M., additional, Bakal, Jeffrey A., additional, Banson, Kara, additional, Beltrán Ponce, Sara, additional, Benitez, C.M., additional, Bhavnani, Suresh K., additional, Bitterman, Danielle S., additional, Blumenfeld, Philip, additional, Bowar, Breann E., additional, Bradfield, Lisa, additional, Braunstein, Lior Z., additional, Buss, Elizabeth J., additional, Byrne, James D., additional, Cabrera, Alvin R., additional, Campos, Juan Jose, additional, Casak, Sandra J., additional, Casey, Dana, additional, Catalano, Paul J., additional, Chan, Michael D., additional, Chaurasia, Aditi, additional, Chen, Hanbo, additional, Chen, Yi-Fan, additional, Cho, Hae Lin, additional, Chowdhry, Varun Kumar, additional, Chua, Michelle, additional, Chung, Hans T., additional, Corbin, Jereme, additional, Cramer, Christina, additional, Crowley, Aidan, additional, D'Amico, Anthony, additional, Dahir, Anisa, additional, Damian Riina, Matthew, additional, Dee, Edward Christopher, additional, Derton, Abigail, additional, Dicker, Adam, additional, Dickstein, Daniel R., additional, Domogauer, Jason, additional, Donovan, Elysia K., additional, Dudley, Sara A., additional, Dushyanthen, Sathana, additional, Eala, Michelle, additional, El Badawy, Samy A., additional, Elkins, Ivy, additional, Facer, Benjin D., additional, Feldman, Jill, additional, Fields, Emma C., additional, Franco, Idalid, additional, Gandhi, Ajeet Kumar, additional, Gandhy, Shruti U., additional, Garda, Allison E., additional, George Paul, Arun, additional, Ghosh, Mithua, additional, Giuliani, Meredith, additional, Golden, Daniel W., additional, Gota, Vikram, additional, Grace, Holly, additional, Guo, Jimmy A., additional, Gupta, Deepak, additional, Gupta, Gaorav, additional, Haley, Kathryn E., additional, Han, Nyun Calvin, additional, Hanania, Hannah L., additional, Hanania, Alexander N., additional, Hartman, Holly, additional, Hatch, Sandra, additional, Hoffman, Hannah I., additional, Hsieh, Kristin, additional, Huang, Eng-Yen, additional, Huber, Kathryn E., additional, Hwang, William L., additional, Ifrah, Sheindel, additional, Jagsi, Reshma, additional, Jones, Brianna M., additional, Jones, Gavin Paul, additional, Khan, Qateeb A., additional, Kakkar, Sajal, additional, Kataria, Tejinder, additional, Katz, Leah M., additional, Kennedy, William R., additional, Kim, Daniel W., additional, Kim, In Ah, additional, Kishan, Amar U., additional, Knoll, Miriam A., additional, Kok, David L., additional, Kopecky, Andrew, additional, Kumar, Sharath, additional, Lam, Miranda B., additional, Lamkin, Erica N., additional, Le, Quynh-Thu, additional, LeCompte, Michael, additional, Lee, David J., additional, Lee, Grace, additional, Lee, Jennifer J., additional, Lee, Anna, additional, Lehrer, Eric J., additional, Li, Puyao C., additional, Liu, Chia, additional, Loeffler, Jay, additional, Lohith, G., additional, Ma, Ting Martin, additional, Machtay, Mitchell, additional, Mahajan, Shaifali, additional, Mailhot Vega, Raymond B., additional, Maity, Amit, additional, Mallick, Supriya, additional, Marchan, Ed M., additional, Martin, Neil, additional, Mattessich, Sarah, additional, Mayhew, David L., additional, Mehra, Prateek, additional, Michaeli, Tal Falick, additional, Mishra, Vachaspati, additional, Mortensen, Eric M., additional, Mukherjee, Dibya, additional, Murthy, Vedang, additional, Nakfoor, Bruce, additional, Newman, Neil Bryan, additional, Nguyen, Paul L., additional, Niska, Joshua R., additional, Niska, Emily E., additional, Ozcan, Gonca, additional, Padilla, Oscar, additional, Patton, Caroline D., additional, Perlow, Haley K., additional, Perni, Subha, additional, Pfeffer, Raphael, additional, Pfister, Neil Thomas, additional, Poojari, Avinash, additional, Prasad, Rahul N., additional, Prim, Shih-Ni, additional, Pursley, Jennifer, additional, Raldow, Ann C., additional, Ramirez, Nicholas, additional, Rastogi, Madhup, additional, Ridge, Natalie A., additional, Ritter, Alex R., additional, Rosenberg, Jennifer, additional, Roy, Soumyajit, additional, Ruiz, Jimmy, additional, Sanai, Nader, additional, Saraf, Anurag, additional, Sarkar, Soumya, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shah, Chirag, additional, Shukla, Utkarsh C., additional, Phillip Silver, Benjamin, additional, Sim, Austin J., additional, Singh, Raj, additional, Singh, Meghana, additional, Smith, Benjamin D., additional, Spelic, David C., additional, Stambaugh, Cassandra, additional, Stambaugh, Nathaniel, additional, Sud, Shivani, additional, Sueyoshi, Mark, additional, Sullivan, Julie M., additional, Suneja, Gita, additional, Thomas, Justin J., additional, Timothy Hsiao, H., additional, Ufondu, Adannia N., additional, Urias, Eduardo, additional, Vashistha, Bhanu, additional, Vashistha, Rajesh, additional, Verma, Prabha, additional, Walker, Amanda J., additional, Wang, Sue-Jane, additional, Wang, Tony J.C., additional, Wang, Kaidi, additional, Warner, Jeremy L., additional, Wolfe, Adam R., additional, Wunnava, Susmitha, additional, Yacoub, Irini Ihab, additional, Yom, Sue S., additional, Zaghloul, Mohamed S., additional, and Zaky, Sandra S., additional

Published
2023
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44. Burnout Among Mid-Career Academic Medical Faculty

Author

Paradis, Kelly C., primary, Kerr, Eve A., additional, Griffith, Kent A., additional, Cutter, Christina M., additional, Feldman, Eva L., additional, Singer, Kanakadurga, additional, Spector, Nancy D., additional, Ubel, Peter A., additional, and Jagsi, Reshma, additional

Published
2024
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45. NRG-BR007: A phase III trial evaluating de-escalation of breast radiation (DEBRA) following breast-conserving surgery of stage 1, HR+, HER2-, RS ≤18 breast cancer.

Author

White, Julia R., primary, Cecchini, Reena S., additional, Harris, Eleanor Elizabeth, additional, Mamounas, Eleftherios P., additional, Stover, Daniel G., additional, Ganz, Patricia A., additional, Jagsi, Reshma, additional, Anderson, Stewart J., additional, Bergom, Carmen, additional, Théberge, Valérie, additional, El-Tamer, Mahmoud, additional, Zellars, Richard C., additional, Shumway, Dean, additional, Chen, Guang-Pei, additional, Julian, Thomas B., additional, and Wolmark, Norman, additional

Published
2024
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46. A phase III randomized trial of radiotherapy optimization for low-risk HER2-positive breast cancer (HERO): NRG-BR008.

Author

Braunstein, Lior Zvi, primary, Mitchell, Melissa, additional, Bandos, Hanna, additional, Sikov, William M., additional, Khan, Atif J., additional, Chen, Peter Y., additional, Ganz, Patricia A., additional, Jagsi, Reshma, additional, White, Julia R., additional, Cecchini, Reena S., additional, Kang, Hyejoo, additional, Puhalla, Shannon L., additional, Bolton, Kelly L., additional, Connolly, Eileen, additional, Stringer-Reasor, Erica Michelle, additional, Gergelis, Kimberly, additional, Julian, Thomas B., additional, Mamounas, Eleftherios P., additional, and Wolmark, Norman, additional

Published
2024
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49. Evaluation of Dose Accuracy in the Near-Surface Region for Whole Breast Irradiation Techniques in a Multi-institutional Consortium

Author

Moncion, Alexander, Wilson, Melissa, Ma, Ruimei, Marsh, Robin, Burmeister, Jay, Dryden, Daniel, Lack, Danielle, Grubb, Margaret, Mayville, Alan, Jursinic, Paul, Dess, Kathryn, Kamp, Justin, Young, Kellen, Dilworth, Joshua T., Kestin, Larry, Jagsi, Reshma, Mietzel, Melissa, Vicini, Frank, Pierce, Lori J., and Moran, Jean M.

Published
2022
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