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Resumen: Introducción: Las reclamaciones constituyen una de las principales fuentes de información para evaluar la calidad percibida en los centros asistenciales, siendo la cirugía ortopédica y traumatología (COT) una de las especialidades con mayor probabilidad de recibirlas por su elevada demanda quirúrgica que genera importantes listas de espera. Objetivos: Mostrar la evolución de las reclamaciones presentadas en un servicio de COT, clasificar los motivos expuestos e identificar las oportunidades de mejora derivadas de las mismas. Metodología: Estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, observacional y de orientación temporal retrospectiva. Revisión de los registros correspondientes a las reclamaciones presentadas durante el periodo 2014-2018 en el servicio de COT de un hospital universitario. Para la clasificación de las reclamaciones se han utilizado los motivos establecidos por la aseguradora pública CatSalut. El análisis estadístico se ha realizado mediante el programa Excel® y el software R-Project (versión 4.0.2), considerándose un nivel de significación estadística de p

Introduction: Claims constitute one of the main sources of information to evaluate the perceived quality in healthcare centres, being Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery (OTS) one of the specialties with greater probability of receiving them due to its high surgical demand generating long waiting lists. Objectives: To display the evolution of the filed claims addressed to the OTS department, to classify the reasons stated in the complaint, and to identify the opportunities for improvement derived from the forementioned. Methodology: Descriptive, observational and retrospective epidemiological study. The target population has been configured by those citizens who have submitted a claim addressed to the OTS Service of a University Hospital of Barcelona from 2014 to 2018. In reference with the classification of claims, it has been used the reasons established by the public service CatSalut: assistance, treat, information, organisation, documentation and hospitality/habitability/comfort. Results: OTS service received a total of 424 claims during the study period, showing an overall rate of 3.18 claims per 100 assistance episodes considered. The main reasons for claiming were organisational (73%) and assistance (20%). No claims regarding dissatisfaction of hospitality/habitability/comfort were registered. A noticeable decrease in the number of claims submitted is observed since 2016. Conclusion: Actions in the management of waiting lists and standardised information procedures that improve the doctor–patient relationship have been identified as measures of improvement to reduce the claim presentation rate. Resumen: Introducción: Las reclamaciones constituyen una de las principales fuentes de información para evaluar la calidad percibida en los centros asistenciales, siendo la cirugía ortopédica y traumatología (COT) una de las especialidades con mayor probabilidad de recibirlas por su elevada demanda quirúrgica que genera importantes listas de espera. Objetivos: Mostrar la evolución de las reclamaciones presentadas en un servicio de COT, clasificar los motivos expuestos e identificar las oportunidades de mejora derivadas de las mismas. Metodología: Estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, observacional y de orientación temporal retrospectiva. Revisión de los registros correspondientes a las reclamaciones presentadas durante el periodo 2014-2018 en el servicio de COT de un hospital universitario. Para la clasificación de las reclamaciones se han utilizado los motivos establecidos por la aseguradora pública CatSalut. El análisis estadístico se ha realizado mediante el programa Excel® y el software R-Project (versión 4.0.2), considerándose un nivel de significación estadística de p

Dietary strategies can potentially help to reduce nitrogen (N) emissions and decrease the environmental impact of beef production. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on animal performance, N excretion, and manure N volatilisation of finishing Holstein animals. In a first study, 105 Holstein bulls (BW 344 ± 2.6 kg; age 252 ± 0.9 days) were allocated to eight pens to evaluate the effect of two treatments (medium (M) and low (L), which contained CP 14.5% and 12% on a DM basis, respectively) on performance, and results confirmed that dietary CP decrease did not impair animal growth. In a second study, N excretion study, 24 Holstein heifers (BW 310 ± 5.3 kg; age 251 ± 1.4 days) were distributed randomly depending on the initial BW to three treatments (high (H), M, and L, which contained CP 17%, 14.5% and 12% on a DM basis, respectively). Based on N excretion, urinary N excretion was greater (P

A bottleneck in the development of new anti-cancer drugs is the recognition of their mode of action (MoA). Metabolomics combined with machine learning allowed to predict MoAs of novel anti-proliferative drug candidates, focusing on human prostate cancer cells (PC-3). As proof of concept, 38 drugs are studied with known effects on 16 key processes of cancer metabolism, profiling low molecular weight intermediates of the central carbon and cellular energy metabolism (CCEM) by LC-MS/MS. These metabolic patterns unveiled distinct MoAs, enabling accurate MoA predictions for novel agents by machine learning. The transferability of MoA predictions based on PC-3 cell treatments is validated with two other cancer cell models, i.e., breast cancer and Ewing's sarcoma, and show that correct MoA predictions for alternative cancer cells are possible, but still at some expense of prediction quality. Furthermore, metabolic profiles of treated cells yield insights into intracellular processes, exemplified for drugs inducing different types of mitochondrial dysfunction. Specifically, it is predicted that pentacyclic triterpenes inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and affect phospholipid biosynthesis, as confirmed by respiration parameters, lipidomics, and molecular docking. Using biochemical insights from individual drug treatments, this approach offers new opportunities, including the optimization of combinatorial drug applications., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

A 54-year-old female presented with recurrent abdominal pain and new onset chest pain. Chest computed-tomography angiogram detected a thoracic aortic aneurysm with suspected Type A intramural hematoma (IMH) versus aortitis. Initially, conservative management was pursued while awaiting a definitive diagnosis. Differential workup was negative, while additional imaging modalities favored IMH, prompting expedited surgical intervention. During ascending aortic and hemiarch replacement, severe aortitis was unexpectedly discovered without evidence of IMH. Histopathological examination of the aortic specimens identified transmural aortic inflammation with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and irregular fibrosis. Numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells were present with IgG4/IgG ratio of 40-50% suggesting IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Subsequent analysis revealed B cells positive for clonal IgH gene rearrangement, and bone marrow biopsy then revealed the same clonal B cells. She was ultimately diagnosed with CLL, the most common phenotype of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, thought to account for the IgG4-predominant plasma cells causing aortitis. Although rare, this case highlights the importance of considering IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) as a cause of aortitis when assessing symptomatic patients with aortic pathologies, emphasizing the complexities involved in diagnosing due to a variety of imaging presentation, differentiating, and managing large-vessel vasculitides. Moreover, it underscores the importance of Multidisciplinary Aortic Team care and the use of multiple diagnostic modalities in evaluating ambiguous aortic pathologies., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: Many stroke survivors still present with upper-limb paresis six months post-stroke, impacting their autonomy and quality of life (QoL). We designed an enriched Music-supported Therapy (eMST) program to reduce disability in this population. We evaluated the eMST's effectiveness in improving functional abilities and QoL in chronic stroke individuals compared to the conventional motor program Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP)., Methods: We conducted a pragmatic two-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up and masked assessment. The eMST involved playing instruments during individual self-administered and group music therapy sessions. The GRASP consisted of self-administered motor exercises using daily objects. Both interventions were completed at home with telemonitoring and involved four one-hour weekly sessions for 10 weeks. The primary outcome was upper-limb motor function measured with the Action Research Arm Test. Secondary outcomes included motor impairment, daily life motor performance, cognitive functions, emotional well-being, QoL, self-regulation, and self-efficacy. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses were conducted including participants who discontinued the intervention and those who completed it entirely, respectively., Results: Fifty-eight chronic stroke patients were randomized to the eMST-group (n = 26; age: 64.2 ± 12.5; 6 [23.1%] females; 2.8 ± 2.9 years post-stroke), and the control group (n = 32; age: 62.2 ± 12; 8 [25%] females; 1.8 ± 6.2 years post-stroke). The eMST-group had more participants achieving a clinically relevant improvement in motor impairment post-intervention than the control group for the ITT (55% vs 21.6%; OR = 4.5 (95% CI 1.4-14); p = .019) and PP analyses (60% vs 20%; OR = 6 (95% CI 1.5-24.7); p = .024), sustained at follow-up. The eMST-group reported greater improvements in emotion (difference = 11.1 (95% CI 0.8-21.5; p = 0.36) and participation (difference = 10.3 (95% CI 0.6-25.9); p = 0.41) subscales of QoL, and higher enjoyment during the sessions (difference = 1 (95% CI 0.3-1.5); p = 0.12). No changes were found in other outcomes., Conclusion: eMST demonstrated superiority over conventional motor rehabilitation program in enhancing upper-limb functions and QoL in chronic stroke individuals., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04507542)., (© 2024. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The use of ventilation holes in small micro-environments has been proposed by the National Trust as a mechanism to improve the environmental conditions of moisture and temperature within bookshelves. At one National Trust historic property, this mechanism has been used to encourage air movement behind books as a possible strategy to reduce the risk of mould growth. It is believed that including ventilation holes as a passive design solution to promote airflow within micro-environments could prevent decay from occurring in the archives of historic buildings. This paper investigates the mechanisms that cause airflow behind bookshelves using field measurements in three National Trust historic libraries. The measurements indicate that small but measurable velocities, up to 4 cm/s, can be passively generated behind bookshelves. Air movement in such confined micro-environments is probably caused by a combination of natural convection, caused by temperature differences between the walls and the interior and the exterior of the bookshelf, and forced convection due to drafts in the surrounding environment. While in some cases one mechanism prevailed, both mechanisms may be present simultaneously in most cases. Further research is needed to clarify how surface temperature drives air motion behind shelves., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest with this work., (© 2024 The Authors.)

A method has been developed for the analysis of vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid from baby urine as biomarkers of neuroblastoma in infants. Disposable diapers were employed as sampling devices in order to guarantee a low invasiveness during this step. The proposed method consists on a simple extraction step with water from the used diaper followed by the measurement using capillary electrophoresis with UV detection. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was utilized to optimize the process of extracting catecholamine metabolites from the examined samples. The variables of the sample preparation step were optimized and the method was validated obtaining limits of quantification of 1.65 μg mL -1 , good intraday and inter-day precision with RSDs under 15 %. Finally the method was applied to real samples collected from the Department of Neonatology, University Clinical Centre (Gdańsk, Poland). The greenness of the proposed method was also evaluated with different tools (i.e., AGREEPrep and GAPI) with satisfactory results, which allow to state that the method can be considered green. Moreover, its practicality was evaluated by application of BAGI tool, proving to be a practical and economical method to be applied in routine laboratories for determination of catecholamine metabolites in urine-type samples., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Plastic particle pollution has threatened the well-being of seawater ecosystems over the past decades. Therefore, understanding, modeling and (potentially) predicting the dynamics of microplastics and biogenic particles in ocean turbulence is of utmost importance to help develop mitigation strategies and propose technological solutions ultimately aimed at safeguarding global water systems. This is particularly significant for microplastics in the upper-ocean layer. To that end, this work presents a comprehensive and openly accessible dataset carefully designed to explore the interplay between the flow physics of particle-laden turbulence and the physicochemical effects of biofilm stickiness. The dataset comprises nine point-particle direct numerical simulations of fluid flow featuring microplastic and biogenic debris within a periodic three-dimensional flow domain. In all cases, the chosen turbulent intensity and microparticle properties represent conditions observed in the upper-ocean layer. This data repository aims to facilitate in-depth exploration, modeling and prediction of the intricate flow physics observed in marine microplastics, particularly regarding their distribution and aggregation., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Objective. Deep learning shows promise in autosegmentation of head and neck cancer (HNC) primary tumours (GTV-T) and nodal metastases (GTV-N). However, errors such as including non-tumour regions or missing nodal metastases still occur. Conventional methods often make overconfident predictions, compromising reliability. Incorporating uncertainty estimation, which provides calibrated confidence intervals can address this issue. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of various uncertainty estimation methods in improving segmentation reliability. We evaluated their confidence levels in voxel predictions and ability to reveal potential segmentation errors. Approach. We retrospectively collected data from 567 HNC patients with diverse cancer sites and multi-modality images (CT, PET, T1-, and T2-weighted MRI) along with their clinical GTV-T/N delineations. Using the nnUNet 3D segmentation pipeline, we compared seven uncertainty estimation methods, evaluating them based on segmentation accuracy (Dice similarity coefficient, DSC), confidence calibration (Expected Calibration Error, ECE), and their ability to reveal segmentation errors (Uncertainty-Error overlap using DSC, UE-DSC). Main results. Evaluated on the hold-out test dataset ( n = 97), the median DSC scores for GTV-T and GTV-N segmentation across all uncertainty estimation methods had a narrow range, from 0.73 to 0.76 and 0.78 to 0.80, respectively. In contrast, the median ECE exhibited a wider range, from 0.30 to 0.12 for GTV-T and 0.25 to 0.09 for GTV-N. Similarly, the median UE-DSC also ranged broadly, from 0.21 to 0.38 for GTV-T and 0.22 to 0.36 for GTV-N. A probabilistic network-PhiSeg method consistently demonstrated the best performance in terms of ECE and UE-DSC. Significance. Our study highlights the importance of uncertainty estimation in enhancing the reliability of deep learning for autosegmentation of HNC GTV. The results show that while segmentation accuracy can be similar across methods, their reliability, measured by calibration error and uncertainty-error overlap, varies significantly. Used with visualisation maps, these methods may effectively pinpoint uncertainties and potential errors at the voxel level., (© 2024 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.)

Background and Aims: The adenoma detection rate (ADR), recognized as a surrogate marker for colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality reduction, is closely linked to the efficacy of bowel cleansing. However, there is a dearth of evidence examining the impact on ADR when using 2 distinct very-low-dose bowel cleansing products. This study sought to compare ADR in an immunochemical fecal occult blood test (iFOBT)-based organized screening program by using 1 L of polyethylene glycol plus ascorbate (1L-PEGA) versus sodium picosulfate with magnesium citrate (SPMC), both administered in a split-dose regimen., Methods: We conducted a comparative, parallel, randomized, noninferiority, and low-intervention clinical trial targeting individuals from a population CRC screening program aged 50 to 69 years with a positive iFOBT result scheduled for a workup colonoscopy in the morning. Participants were randomized to either 1L-PEGA or SPMC for bowel cleansing. The main outcome was ADR, whereas secondary outcomes were bowel preparation quality, safety, tolerability, and satisfaction., Results: A total of 1002 subjects, 501 were included in each group. There were no differences between groups with respect to pooled ADR (SPMC, 56.5% [95% CI, 52.1-60.8]; 1L-PEGA, 53.7% [95% CI, 49.3-58.0]; relative risk, .95 [95% CI, .85-1.06]); therefore, SPMC demonstrated noninferiority in ADR compared with 1L-PEGA (difference, 2.8%; 2-sided 95% lower confidence limit, -3.4). In addition, there were no significant differences in mean lesions regardless of size and location between arms. Bowel preparation favored 1L-PEGA (96.2% vs 89.2%, P < .001), whereas SPMC exhibited significantly higher safety and tolerability, as shown by fewer nonserious treatment-emergent adverse events., Conclusions: SPMC emerged as a noninferior laxative compared with 1L-PEGA concerning ADR. Despite the superior bowel preparation quality associated with 1L-PEGA, the safety, tolerability, and overall satisfaction of participants were higher with SPMC. (Clinical trial registration number: EudraCT: 2019-003186-18.)., Competing Interests: Disclosure The following authors disclosed financial relationships: A. Serradesanferm: Research support from Beca d’Intensificació Clínic. R. Moreira: Research support from Programa d'impuls del talent i de l'ocupabilitat del PERIS 2016-2020, Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Salut, SLT017/20/000179. A. Castells: Research support from Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española contra el Cáncer and Universal Diagnostics; consultant for Goodgut, Amadix, and iVascular; speaker for Medial EarlySign and Abbvie. M. Pellisé: Research support from Fujifilm Spain, ZiuZ, and Casen Recordati; speaker for Fujifilm, Olympus, Medtronic, Norgine, Alphasigma, Mayoli, and Casen Recordati. All other authors disclosed no financial relationships. Research support for this study was provided by Casen Recordati. Research support for this study was provided by Casen Recordati, S.L., Spain., (Copyright © 2024 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the scientific production on university social responsibility (USR) from institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted on documents published in indexed journals in the Scopus database from its inception until April 2023. Eligible documents included those on USR describing experiences carried out by universities in Latin America and the Caribbean. The number of articles per author, average authors per article, average citations per article, and the number of documents with one or more author were described. Bibliometric indicators regarding authors per article, co-authors per article, and institutional collaboration were presented. Bibliometric networks were constructed based on bibliographic coupling analysis of documents by countries and term co-occurrence in titles and abstracts. Results: Of a total of 4075 documents retrieved from Scopus, 150 were included. Documents published between 1997 and 2023 were identified, with an average annual growth rate of 2.7%. A total of 439 authors were identified, 18 articles had a single author, and an average of 0.3 articles per author and a co-authorship index of 3.13 were found. The percentage of international collaborations was 30.7%. Brazil had the highest proportion of publications (26.4%), followed by Chile (17%) and Colombia (13.2%). Opción and Revista de Ciencias Sociales were the journals with the highest number of articles published (13 each). In the analysis of term co-occurrence, recent years showed an increase in the use of terms related to e-learning, information and communication technologies, virtual education, COVID-19, sustainable development goals, and URSULA (initiative on USR in institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean). Conclusions: A growth in scientific production on USR in Latin America and the Caribbean was identified. The interest in USR documents in recent years has been focused on COVID-19 and the challenges of virtual education and sustainable development., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2024 Urrunaga-Pastor D et al.)

The European SocieTy for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) organized a one-year pilot mentoring programme. At evaluation after one year, both mentors and mentees scored the programme with a median score of 9 on a scale of 10. All of the mentors indicated that they wanted to participate again as mentors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: All Nordic countries have national cancer registries collecting data on head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence and survival. However, there is a lack of consensus on how other quality aspects should be monitored., Aims: We conducted a web-based survey to find opportunities for quality control and improvement., Methods: A web-based survey was sent to one otorhinolaryngology - head and neck (ORL-HN) surgeon, and one oncologist at each Nordic university hospital treating HNC. In total, 42 responses from all 21 university hospitals were included., Results: In over half of the university hospitals, an oncologist, an ORL-HN surgeon, a pathologist, a radiologist, and a specialized nurse was always present at the multidisciplinary tumor board (MTB) meeting. Of 42 respondents 35 (83%) agreed that treatment delays were systematically recorded for each patient. Eleven of 21 (52%) oncologists agreed that side-effects of (chemo)radiotherapy were systematically recorded. Less than half of the respondents agreed that complications of surgery, and post-treatment quality of life (QOL) were systematically recorded., Conclusions: In the Nordic countries, the importance of HNC treatment timelines is well acknowledged. There is a lack of consensus on the composition of MTB meeting, and how treatment-related morbidity should be monitored outside clinical trials.

Despite the increasing concerns surrounding the health and environmental risks of microplastics (MPs), the research focus has primarily been on their prevalence in air and the oceans, consequently neglecting their presence on urban facades, which are integral to our everyday environments. Therefore, there is a crucial knowledge gap in comprehending urban MP pollution. Our pioneering interdisciplinary study not only quantifies but also identifies MPs on historic facades, revealing their pervasive presence in a medium-sized urban area in the UK. In this case study, we estimated a mean density of 975,000 fibres/m^2 (0.10 fibres/mm^2) for fibre lengths between 30 and 1000 μm with a ratio of 1:5 for natural to artificial fibres. Our research identifies three groups of fibre length frequencies across varied exposure scenarios on the investigated urban facade. Sheltered areas (4m height) show a high prevalence of 60-120 μm and 180-240 μm fibres. In contrast, less sheltered areas at 3m exhibit lower fibre frequencies but similar lengths. Notably, the lowest area (2-1.5m) features longer fibres (300-1000 μm), while adjacent area S, near a faulty gutter, shows no fibres, highlighting the impact of exposure, altitude, and environmental variables on fibre distribution on urban facades. Our findings pave one of many necessary paths forward to determine the long-term fate of these fibres and provoke a pertinent question: do historic facades serve as an urban 'sink' that mitigates potentially adverse health impacts or amplifies the effects of mobile microplastics? Addressing MP pollution in urban areas is crucial for public health and sustainable cities. More research is required to understand the multi-scale factors behind MP pollution in large cities and to find mitigation strategies, paving the way for effective interventions and policies against this growing threat., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Anhedonia refers to the diminished capacity to experience pleasure. It has been described both as a symptom of depression and an enduring behavioral trait that contributes its development. Specifically, in stroke patients, anhedonia has been closely linked to depression, resulting in reduced sensitivity to everyday pleasures and intrinsic motivation to engage in rehabilitation programs and maintain a healthy active lifestyle. This condition may hinder patients' recovery, diminishing their autonomy, functioning, and quality of life., Objective: We aimed to explore the prevalence and level of anhedonia and those variables that might be associated in patients with both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke at subacute and chronic phases of the disease., Methods: We conducted an exploratory cohort study with a sample of 125 patients with subacute and chronic stroke presenting upper-limb motor deficits. We measured participants' level of anhedonia with four items from the Beck Depression Inventory-II that describe the symptoms of this condition: loss of pleasure, loss of interest, loss of energy, and loss of interest in sex. We also collected demographic and clinical information and evaluated motor and cognitive functions as well as levels of depression, apathy, and various mood states. The results were compared to a sample of 71 healthy participants of similar age, sex, and level of education., Results: Stroke patients demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence (18.5-19.7%) and level of anhedonia compared to the healthy controls (4.3%), regardless of stroke phase, level of motor impairment, and other clinical variables. Furthermore, post-stroke anhedonia was associated with lower levels of motivation and higher levels of negative mood states such as fatigue and anger in the long term. Importantly, anhedonia level was superior in stroke patients than in healthy controls while controlling for confounding effects of related emotional conditions., Conclusion: This study provides novel evidence on the prevalence, level and factors related to anhedonia post-stroke. We emphasize the importance of assessing and treating anhedonia in this population, as well as conducting large-scale cohort and longitudinal studies to test its influence on long-term functional and emotional recovery., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Segura, Vilà-Balló, Mallorquí, Porto, Duarte, Grau-Sánchez and Rodríguez-Fornells.)

The determination of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has become one of the biggest challenges in Analytical Chemistry. Due to the low concentration of these compounds in different kinds of samples, it becomes necessary to employ efficient sample preparation methods and sensitive measurement techniques to achieve low limits of detection. This issue becomes even more struggling when the principles of the Green Analytical Chemistry are added to the equation, since finding an efficient sample preparation method with low damaging properties for health and environment may become laborious. Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been proposed as the most promising green kind of solvents, but also with excellent analytical properties due to the possibility of custom preparation with different components to modify their polarity, viscosity or aromaticity among others. However, conventional extraction techniques using DESs as extraction solvents may not be enough to overcome challenges in analysing trace levels of EDCs. In this sense, combination of DESs with solid supports could be seen as a potential solution to this issue allowing, in different ways, to determine lower concentrations of EDCs. In that aim, the main purpose of this review is the study of the different strategies with solid supports used along with DESs to perform the determination of EDCs, comparing their advantages and drawbacks against conventional DES-based extraction methods., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Reimplanting the radial artery in the left internal thoracic artery as a composite graft allows total arterial revascularization (TAR) without aortic manipulation. The limitation of this strategy is the length of the radial artery required to reach distal right coronary artery (RCA) branches. Our analysis focuses on the feasibility of this strategy., Methods: A total of 169 patients underwent TAR using the radial artery in a composite grafting configuration. Length of the radial artery, number of sequential anastomoses, heart size, target location, length of the arm, patient height, body surface area, and flow in the composite graft were prospectively collected., Results: The mean length of the radial artery was 18.02 cm. Patients with a mean length of the radial artery of 15.9 cm needed an extension of the radial artery with another conduit to reach the RCA distal branches. When T-configuration is used, the length of the radial artery should be 0.53 cm per sequential anastomosis to reach the RCA distal branches., Conclusions: Our study shows that an average length of 18.02 cm of radial artery is needed to reach targets on the RCA distal branches in composite grafting. In T-configuration, we need 0.53 cm more length per anastomosis to achieve TAR.

In this work, we analyse a common-pool resource game with homogeneous players (both have boundedly rational expectations) and entanglement between players' strategies. The quantum model with homogeneous expectations is a differential approach to the game since, to the best of our knowledge, it has hardly been considered in previous works. The game is represented using a Cournot type payoff functions, limited to the maximum capacity of the resource. The behaviour of the dynamics is studied considering how the fixed points (particularly the Nash equilibrium) and the stability of the system vary depending on the different values of the parameters involved in the model. In the analysis of this game, it is especially relevant to consider the extent to which the resource is exploited, since the output of the players is highly affected by this issue. It is studied in which cases the resource can be overexploited, adjusting the parameters of the model to avoid this scenario when it is possible. The results are obtained from an analytical point of view and also graphically using bifurcation diagrams to show the behaviour of the dynamics.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection induces immunological dysfunction, which limits the elimination of HIV-infected cells during treated infection. Identifying and targeting dysfunctional immune cells might help accelerate the purging of the persistent viral reservoir. Here, we show that chronic HIV infection increases natural killer (NK) cell populations expressing the negative immune regulator KLRG1, both in peripheral blood and lymph nodes. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) does not reestablish these functionally impaired NK populations, and the expression of KLRG1 correlates with active HIV transcription. Targeting KLRG1 with specific antibodies significantly restores the capacity of NK cells to kill HIV-infected cells, reactivates latent HIV present in CD4 + T cells co-expressing KLRG1, and reduces the intact HIV genomes in samples from ART-treated individuals. Our data support the potential use of immunotherapy against the KLRG1 receptor to impact the viral reservoir during HIV persistence., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)