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Background: Treatment options for patients with urothelial cancer (UC) refractory to platinum and immunotherapy are limited and survival is short. Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is a monoclonal anti-NECTIN4 antibody conjugated to monomethyl auristatin. It was recently approved because of superior survival in comparison to standard-of-care (SOC) chemotherapy. Real-world patients, however, often have worse characteristics than patients included in clinical trials. Objective: To analyze the efficacy and safety of EV in a cohort of real-world patients. Design, setting, and participants: Retrospective data were collected from 23 hospitals and private practices for patients with metastatic and previously treated UC who received EV either when reimbursed by their insurance company before European Medicines Agency (EMA) approval, within a compassionate use program, or as SOC treatment after EMA approval. Imaging and therapy management were in accordance with local standards. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Adverse events (AEs) were reported according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0 criteria. Objective responses were evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results and limitations: The median age for the 125 eligible patients was 66 yr (range 31–89). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) was 0–1 for 76.0%, 2–4 for 13.6%, and unknown for 10.4% of patients. EV was administered in the fourth or later line for 44.8% of patients. The overall response rate was 41.6% (partial response 39.2%, complete response 2.4%). Median OS was 10.0 months (mo) (95% confidence interval 7.20–12.80) and median PFS was 5.0 mo (95% confidence interval 4.34–5.67). For patients with ECOG PS of 0–1, median OS was 14 mo. Any-grade AEs were observed in 67.2% and CTCAE grade ≥3 AEs in 30.4%. The most common AEs were peripheral sensory neuropathy and skin toxicity. Three fatal events (pneumonia, pneumonitis) occurred. Limitations include the retrospective design and short follow-up. Conclusions: Administration of EV for real-world patients was feasible with an acceptable toxicity profile. No new safety signals were reported. Antitumor activity in our cohort was comparable to data previously reported for trials. In summary, our results support the use of EV in patients with metastatic UC. Patient summary: Enfortumab vedotin is a medication that improved the survival of patients with bladder cancer in comparison to standard chemotherapy in clinical trials. However, patients included in clinical trials are highly selected and results for toxicities and improvements in survival do not always transfer to the real-world setting. We analyzed data for 125 patients who were treated with enfortumab vedotin. Our results are comparable to the outcomes from clinical trials regarding the safety and efficacy of this treatment.

A method of electrophysical chromatography was proposed to visualize the results of electrical non-destructive testing for the first time. Surface potentiograms usually used to represent the results of scanning contact potentiometry are replaced by volumetric images of structural inhomogeneities. The alternative has obvious advantages as useful additional information can drastically change the results of testing which is demonstrated by the example of a weld overlay. Methodological recommendations for constructing volumetric images of defects are formulated and implemented. The causes of self-shielding of structural inhomogeneities at different levels of fixation which are due to the mutual spatial overlap of microregions emitting waves of elastic stresses are discussed. The biggest problems in identifying defects for NDT are their complete or partial screening. The electrophysical chromatography method requires at least one experimental array obtained from the following measurements: double scanning of the surfaces of the test object; double simultaneous scanning of the surfaces of the test object; double simultaneous scanning of the surfaces of the test object using a radiation synchronizer in time or frequency. In the case of scanning along one (external or internal) surface, the coordinates of defects are determined from the corresponding cross sections and the calculated values of their depth using frequency and time-frequency analysis

The method of scanning contact potentiometry (SCP) was investigated in factory conditions and functional capabilities of electric non-destructive testing (NDT) method to detect structural heterogeneities and technological defects were demonstrated directly in the process of reactor equipment production.

Abstract Background Oncological patients can benefit substantially from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However, there is a growing awareness of immune‐related adverse events (irAE). Especially ICI‐mediated neurological adverse events (nAE(+)), are tough to diagnose and biomarkers to identify patients at risk are missing. Methods A prospective register with prespecified examinations was established for ICI treated patients in December 2019. At the time of data cut‐off, 110 patients were enrolled and completed the clinical protocol. Herein, cytokines and serum neurofilament light chain (sNFL) from 21 patients were analyzed. Results nAE of any grade were observed in 31% of the patients (n = 34/110). In nAE(+) patients a significant increase in sNFL concentrations over time was observed. Patients with higher‐grade nAE had significantly elevated serum‐concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) at baseline compared to individuals without any nAE (p

Zoos and botanical gardens (ZBGs) play a variety of roles in regional conservation partnerships, including their most common role as the ex situ managers of rare plant and animal populations. Using case studies from a 70-year history of conservation work at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum in Tucson, Arizona, USA, this paper illustrates these roles and the characteristics of ZBGs that make them versatile and effective regional conservation partners. ZBGs commonly play the role of conservation advocates, as discussed in the context of the establishment of protected islands in the Gulf of California. ZBGs also conduct field research, including the collection of long-term datasets, as exemplified by the establishment of the Ironwood Forest National Monument and a 40-year Sonoran Desert phenology database. ZBGs can be effective conveners of communities and conservation partners in regional-scale efforts, such as the Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan and Cooperative Weed Management Areas. The paper also explores the challenges faced by ZBGs in sustaining their conservation work.