22 results on '"Ismaila Shittu"'
Search Results
2. Applied One Health: Nigeria National Veterinary Research Institute COVID-19 pandemic response
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Clement A. Meseko, Ismaila Shittu, Olayinka O. Asala, Adeyinka J. Adedeji, Tinuke A. Laleye, Ebere R. Agusi, Dorcas A. Gado, Kayode A. Olawuyi, Nicodemus Mkpuma, Chinyere Chinonyerem, Bitrus Inuwa, Nneka Chima, Ruth Akintola, Patrick Nyango, Hellen Luka, Judith Bakam, Rebecca Atai, Dennis Kabantiyok, Mark Samson, ThankGod Daniel, Joshua Oyetunde, Olajide A. Owolodun, David D. Lazarus, Emmanuel T. Obishakin, Pam D. Luka, Benshak J. Audu, Sunday Makama, Hussaini G. Ularamu, Yiltawe S. Wungak, James S. Ahmed, Reuben A. Ocholi, and Maryam Muhammad
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covid-19 pandemic ,sars-cov-2 ,diagnosis ,nvri ,one health ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the death of 7.1 million people worldwide as of 7 July 2024. In Nigeria, the first confirmed case was reported on 27 February 2020, subsequently followed by a nationwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 with morbidity and mortality reaching 267 173 and 3155, respectively, as of 7 July 2024. At the beginning of the pandemic, only a few public health laboratories in Nigeria had the capacity for SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnosis. The National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), already experienced in influenza diagnosis, responded to the public health challenge for the diagnosis of COVID-19 samples from humans. The feat was possible through the collective utilisation of NVRI human and material resources, including biosafety facilities, equipment, reagents and consumables donated by international partners and collaborators. Within 6 months of the reported COVID-19 outbreak in Nigeria, over 33 000 samples were processed in NVRI facilities covering five states. Thereafter, many field and laboratory projects were jointly implemented between NVRI and collaborating sectors including the Nigerian Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), which brought together professionals in the health, veterinary, education and socio-sciences. In addition, One Health grants were secured to enhance surveillance for coronavirus and other zoonoses and build capacity in genomics. Bio-surveillance for coronaviruses and other emerging zoonotic pathogens at the human–animal interface was activated and continued with sample collection and analysis in the laboratory for coronaviruses, Lassa fever virus and Mpox. One Health approach has shown that inter-sectoral and multinational collaboration for diagnosis, research and development in animals, and the environment to better understand pathogen spillover events at the human–animal interface is an important global health priority and pandemic preparedness.
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- 2024
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3. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV -2 cross-reactive antibodies in domestic animals and wildlife in Nigeria suggest circulation of sarbecoviruses
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Ebere R. Agusi, Jacob Schön, Valerie Allendorf, Emmanuel A. Eze, Olayinka Asala, Ismaila Shittu, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Kerstin Wernike, Ishaya Tekki, Mark Ofua, Omowunmi Adefegha, Oluwatoyin Olubade, Oluyemi Ogunmolawa, Klaas Dietze, Anja Globig, Donata Hoffmann, and Clement A. Meseko
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One Health ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Zoonosis ,Sarbecovirus ,Serology ,Nigeria ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Anthropogenic exposure of domestic animals, as well as wildlife, can result in zoonotic transmission events with known and unknown pathogens including sarbecoviruses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals, most likely resulting from spill-over from humans, have been documented worldwide. However, only limited information is available for Africa. The anthropozoonotic transmission from humans to animals, followed by further inter- and intraspecies propagation may contribute to viral evolution, and thereby subsequently alter the epidemiological patterns of transmission. To shed light on the possible role of domestic animals and wildlife in the ecology and epidemiology of sarbecoviruses in Nigeria, and to analyze the possible circulation of other, undiscovered, but potentially zoonotic sarbecoviruses in animals, we tested 504 serum samples from dogs, rabbits, bats, and pangolins collected between December 2020 and April 2022. The samples were analyzed using an indirect multi-species enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV -2, respectively. ELISA reactive sera were further analyzed by highly specific virus neutralization test and indirect immunofluorescence assay for confirmation of the presence of antibodies. In this study, we found SARS-CoV reactive antibodies in 16 (11.5%) dogs, 7 (2.97%) rabbits, 2 (7.7%) pangolins and SARS-CoV-2 reactive antibodies in 20 (13.4%) dogs, 6 (2.5%) rabbits and 2 (7.7%) pangolins, respectively. Interestingly, 2 (2.3%) bat samples were positive only for SARS-CoV RBD reactive antibodies. These serological findings of SARS-CoV and/or SARS-CoV-2 infections in both domestic animals and wildlife indicates exposure to sarbecoviruses and requires further One Health-oriented research on the potential reservoir role that different species might play in the ecology and epidemiology of coronaviruses at the human-animal interface.
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- 2024
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4. Zoonotic Diseases Situation in Nigeria; Control Measures and Challenges
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Clement A. Meseko, Wilson J. Bertu, Ishaya S. Tekki, Ismaila Shittu, Amyel M. Gusi, Sunday E. Hambolu, Tony M. Joannis, David Shamaki, and Reuben A. Ocholi
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zoonoses ,animals and human health ,nigeria situation ,Science - Abstract
Infectious diseases are responsible for illness, deaths and economic losses in human and animals. The situation is worse in developing countries with limited resources, poor infrastructures and technology necessary for disease prevention and control. Consequently, causative agents of diseases may emerge from animal reservoirs and are transmitted from animals to human as zoonoses or sustained human-to-human transmission may occur. About 60% of infectious diseases are zoonotic and over 75% of emerging and re-emerging diseases in human are acquired from animal hosts. Globally and in Nigeria, zoonotic diseases previously controlled such as yellow fever, Orthopoxvirus (monkey pox virus), Lassa fever, anthrax etc. are re-emerging and new ones like Avian influenza, Ebola, and respiratory coronaviruses (SARS, MERS and 2019-nCoV) are emerging. In addition, the transboundary nature and inter-continental introductions of many of these pathogens threaten the national economy and public health. Other zoonotic diseases like rabies, brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis are intractable due in part to negligence. Hence, the burden of zoonotic diseases in Nigeria is high and unabated despite available preventive vaccination for a disease like rabies. Some of these important zoonoses are discussed in detail in this paper with emphasis on effective control through the application of modern technology for surveillance, early and accurate diagnosis, biosecurity and preventive vaccination. These tools are however insufficiently deployed in Nigeria. It is therefore imperative to prioritise public health policies with focus on research, development and innovations for better impact on human and animal health with sequelae on national transformation.
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- 2022
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5. Orthopoxvirus Infections in Rodents, Nigeria, 2018–2019
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Clement Meseko, Adeyinka Adedeji, Ismaila Shittu, Emmanuel Obishakin, Maurice Nanven, Ladan Suleiman, Daniel Okomah, Visa Tyakaray, Damilola Kolade, Adesola Yinka-Ogunleye, Saleh Muhammad, Clint N. Morgan, Audrey Matheny, Yoshinori Nakazawa, Andrea McCollum, and Jeffrey B. Doty
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Orthopoxvirus ,monkeypox ,mpox ,rodents ,animals ,viruses ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
To investigate animal reservoirs of monkeypox virus in Nigeria, we sampled 240 rodents during 2018–2019. Molecular (real-time PCR) and serologic (IgM) evidence indicated orthopoxvirus infections, but presence of monkeypox virus was not confirmed. These results can be used to develop public health interventions to reduce human infection with orthopoxviruses.
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- 2023
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6. The Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5) in Poultry in Nigeria, 2021–2022
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Clement Meseko, Adelaide Milani, Bitrus Inuwa, Chinonyerem Chinyere, Ismaila Shittu, James Ahmed, Edoardo Giussani, Elisa Palumbo, Bianca Zecchin, Francesco Bonfante, Silvia Maniero, Angélique Angot, Mamadou Niang, Alice Fusaro, Federica Gobbo, Calogero Terregino, Taiwo Olasoju, Isabella Monne, and Maryam Muhammad
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highly pathogenic avian influenza ,H5N1/H9N2 reassortant virus ,Nigeria ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
In 2021, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and global food insecurity, the Nigerian poultry sector was exposed to the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus and its economic challenges. Between 2021 and 2022, HPAI caused 467 outbreaks reported in 31 of the 37 administrative regions in Nigeria. In this study, we characterized the genomes of 97 influenza A viruses of the subtypes H5N1, H5N2, and H5N8, which were identified in different agro-ecological zones and farms during the 2021–2022 epidemic. The phylogenetic analysis of the HA genes showed a widespread distribution of the H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b and similarity with the HPAI H5Nx viruses that have been detected in Europe since late 2020. The topology of the phylogenetic trees indicated the occurrence of several independent introductions of the virus into the country, followed by a regional evolution of the virus that was most probably linked to its persistent circulation in West African territories. Additional evidence of the evolutionary potential of the HPAI viruses circulating in this region is the identification in this study of a putative H5N1/H9N2 reassortant virus in a mixed-species commercial poultry farm. Our data confirm Nigeria as a crucial hotspot for HPAI virus introduction from the Eurasian territories and reveal a dynamic pattern of avian influenza virus evolution within the Nigerian poultry population.
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- 2023
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7. Genomic Analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Nigeria: Identification of Unique Mutations of Yet Unknown Biological Functions in Both Segments A and B
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Ijeoma Nwagbo, Adelaide Milani, Annalisa Salviato, Gianpiero Zamperin, Lanre Sulaiman, Nanven Maurice, Clement Meseko, Alice Fusaro, and Ismaila Shittu
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genome sequence ,infectious bursal disease virus ,Nigeria ,phylogenetic analysis ,poultry ,segments A and B ,Medicine - Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral poultry disease known worldwide for impacting the economy and food security. The disease is endemic in Nigeria, with reported outbreaks in vaccinated poultry flocks. To gain insight into the dynamics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) evolution in Nigeria, near-complete genomes of four IBDVs were evaluated. Amino acid sequences in the hypervariable region of the VP2 revealed conserved markers (222A, 242I, 256I, 294I and 299S) associated with very virulent (vv) IBDV, including the serine-rich heptapeptide motif (SWSASGS). Based on the newly proposed classification for segments A and B, the IBDVs clustered in the A3B5 group (where A3 are IBDVs with vvIBDV-like segment A, and where B5 are from non-vvIBDV-like segment B) form a monophyletic subcluster. Unique amino acid mutations with yet-to-be-determined biological functions have been observed in both segments. Amino acid sequences of the Nigerian IBDVs showed that they are reassortant viruses. Circulation of reassortant IBDVs may be responsible for the vaccination failures observed in the Nigerian poultry population. Close monitoring of changes in the IBDV genome is recommended to nip deleterious changes in the bud through the identification and introduction of the most appropriate vaccine candidates and advocacy/extension programs for properly implementing disease control.
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- 2023
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8. Analysis of Amino Acid Changes in the Fusion Protein of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus from Vaccinated Poultry in Nigerian Isolates
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Olubukola O. Funsho-Sanni, Elijah E. Ella, Lawal D. Rogo, Olufunsho S. Sanni, Helen I. Inabo, Sodangi A. Luka, and Ismaila Shittu
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Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The roles of fusion gene in the virulence of Newcastle disease virus are well established, but the extent of its variation among the XIV, XVII, and XVIII genotypes reported in Central Africa and West Africa has until recently been understudied. In this study, virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) was isolated from dead chickens among vaccinated flocks between March and April 2020. Fusion (F) gene was sequenced and analysed for characterization and information about genetic changes. Many substitutions were observed along the region and some of their functions are yet to be determined. Results showed that all study isolates have virulent cleavage site sequence 112-RRRKR-116/F117 and clustered within genotype XIVb. Sequence analysis showed K78R mutation in the A2 antigenic epitope in all isolates and more along the F-gene which varied in some instances within the isolates. Mutation in this A2 antigenic epitope has been reported to induce escape mutation to monoclonal antibodies generated using the NDV LaSota strain. The range of percentage nucleotide and amino acid homology between the study isolates and commercially available vaccine strains is 81.14%–84.39% and 0.175–0.211, respectively. This report provides evidence of vNDV among vaccinated chicken flock and molecular information about circulating vNDV strains in Kano State, Nigeria, which is useful for the development of virus matched vaccines. Newcastle disease (ND) surveillance and molecular analysis of circulating strains in this region should be encouraged and reported. Furthermore, ND outbreaks or cases among vaccinated poultry presented to veterinary clinics should be reported to the state epidemiologist. Nucleotide sequences were assigned accession numbers OK491971–OK491977.
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- 2022
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9. An international, interlaboratory ring trial confirms the feasibility of an extraction-less 'direct' RT-qPCR method for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in clinical samples.
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Margaret G Mills, Emily Bruce, Meei-Li Huang, Jessica W Crothers, Ollivier Hyrien, Christopher A L Oura, Lemar Blake, Arianne Brown Jordan, Susan Hester, Leah Wehmas, Bernard Mari, Pascal Barby, Caroline Lacoux, Julien Fassy, Pablo Vial, Cecilia Vial, Jose R W Martinez, Olusola Olalekan Oladipo, Bitrus Inuwa, Ismaila Shittu, Clement A Meseko, Roger Chammas, Carlos Ferreira Santos, Thiago José Dionísio, Thais Francini Garbieri, Viviane Aparecida Parisi, Maria Cassia Mendes-Correa, Anderson V de Paula, Camila M Romano, Luiz Gustavo Bentim Góes, Paola Minoprio, Angelica C Campos, Marielton P Cunha, Ana Paula P Vilela, Tonney Nyirenda, Rajhab Sawasawa Mkakosya, Adamson S Muula, Rebekah E Dumm, Rebecca M Harris, Constance A Mitchell, Syril Pettit, Jason Botten, and Keith R Jerome
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is used worldwide to test and trace the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). "Extraction-less" or "direct" real time-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a transparent and accessible qualitative method for SARS-CoV-2 detection from nasopharyngeal or oral pharyngeal samples with the potential to generate actionable data more quickly, at a lower cost, and with fewer experimental resources than full RT-qPCR. This study engaged 10 global testing sites, including laboratories currently experiencing testing limitations due to reagent or equipment shortages, in an international interlaboratory ring trial. Participating laboratories were provided a common protocol, common reagents, aliquots of identical pooled clinical samples, and purified nucleic acids and used their existing in-house equipment. We observed 100% concordance across laboratories in the correct identification of all positive and negative samples, with highly similar cycle threshold values. The test also performed well when applied to locally collected patient nasopharyngeal samples, provided the viral transport media did not contain charcoal or guanidine, both of which appeared to potently inhibit the RT-PCR reaction. Our results suggest that direct RT-PCR assay methods can be clearly translated across sites utilizing readily available equipment and expertise and are thus a feasible option for more efficient COVID-19 coronavirus disease testing as demanded by the continuing pandemic.
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- 2022
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10. SARS-CoV-2 at the Human–Animal Interface: Implication for Global Public Health from an African Perspective
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Ebere Roseann Agusi, Valerie Allendorf, Emmanuel Aniebonam Eze, Olayinka Asala, Ismaila Shittu, Klaas Dietze, Frank Busch, Anja Globig, and Clement Adebajo Meseko
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SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,zoonosis ,one health ,emerging infectious disease ,Africa ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become the most far-reaching public health crisis of modern times. Several efforts are underway to unravel its root cause as well as to proffer adequate preventive or inhibitive measures. Zoonotic spillover of the causative virus from an animal reservoir to the human population is being studied as the most likely event leading to the pandemic. Consequently, it is important to consider viral evolution and the process of spread within zoonotic anthropogenic transmission cycles as a global public health impact. The diverse routes of interspecies transmission of SARS-CoV-2 offer great potential for a future reservoir of pandemic viruses evolving from the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic circulation. To mitigate possible future infectious disease outbreaks in Africa and elsewhere, there is an urgent need for adequate global surveillance, prevention, and control measures that must include a focus on known and novel emerging zoonotic pathogens through a one health approach. Human immunization efforts should be approached equally through the transfer of cutting-edge technology for vaccine manufacturing throughout the world to ensure global public health and one health.
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- 2022
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11. Human Respiratory Infections in Nigeria: Influenza and the Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
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Dennis Kabantiyok, Nathaniel Ninyio, Ismaila Shittu, Clement Meseko, Theophilus I. Emeto, and Oyelola A. Adegboye
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SARS-CoV-2 ,influenza ,Nigeria ,pandemic ,Medicine - Abstract
The increasing outbreak of zoonotic diseases presents challenging times for nations and calls for a renewed effort to disrupt the chain of events that precede it. Nigeria’s response to the 2006 bird flu provided a platform for outbreak response, yet it was not its first experience with Influenza. This study describes the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Influenza surveillance and, conversely, while the 1918 Influenza pandemic remains the most devastating (500,000 deaths in 18 million population) in Nigeria, the emergence of SARS CoV-2 presented renewed opportunities for the development of vaccines with novel technology, co-infection studies outcome, and challenges globally. Although the public health Intervention and strategies left some positive outcomes for other viruses, Nigeria and Africa’s preparation against the next pandemic may involve prioritizing a combination of technology, socioeconomic growth, and active surveillance in the spirit of One Health.
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- 2022
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12. Redesign and Validation of a Real-Time RT-PCR to Improve Surveillance for Avian Influenza Viruses of the H9 Subtype
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Valentina Panzarin, Sabrina Marciano, Andrea Fortin, Irene Brian, Valeria D’Amico, Federica Gobbo, Francesco Bonfante, Elisa Palumbo, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Kien Trung Le, Duc-Huy Chu, Ismaila Shittu, Clement Meseko, Abdoul Malick Haido, Theophilus Odoom, Mame Nahé Diouf, Fidélia Djegui, Mieke Steensels, Calogero Terregino, and Isabella Monne
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avian influenza ,H9Nx ,molecular diagnosis ,real-time RT-PCR ,validation ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Avian influenza viruses of the H9 subtype cause significant losses to poultry production in endemic regions of Asia, Africa and the Middle East and pose a risk to human health. The availability of reliable and updated diagnostic tools for H9 surveillance is thus paramount to ensure the prompt identification of this subtype. The genetic variability of H9 represents a challenge for molecular-based diagnostic methods and was the cause for suboptimal detection and false negatives during routine diagnostic monitoring. Starting from a dataset of sequences related to viruses of different origins and clades (Y439, Y280, G1), a bioinformatics workflow was optimized to extract relevant sequence data preparatory for oligonucleotides design. Analytical and diagnostic performances were assessed according to the OIE standards. To facilitate assay deployment, amplification conditions were optimized with different nucleic extraction systems and amplification kits. Performance of the new real-time RT-PCR was also evaluated in comparison to existing H9-detection methods, highlighting a significant improvement of sensitivity and inclusivity, in particular for G1 viruses. Data obtained suggest that the new assay has the potential to be employed under different settings and geographic areas for a sensitive detection of H9 viruses.
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- 2022
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13. Rickettsia africae and Rickettsia massiliae in ixodid ticks infesting small ruminants in agro-pastoral settlements in Plateau State, Nigeria
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Henry E. Nnabuife, Bernard Matur, Ndudim I. Ogo, Obed Goselle, Ismaila Shittu, Nicodemus Mkpuma, Emmanuel Obishakin, Nneka Chima, and Joshua Kamani
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Ecology ,Insect Science ,General Medicine - Published
- 2023
14. The Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5) in Poultry in Nigeria, 2021–2022
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Muhammad, Clement Meseko, Adelaide Milani, Bitrus Inuwa, Chinonyerem Chinyere, Ismaila Shittu, James Ahmed, Edoardo Giussani, Elisa Palumbo, Bianca Zecchin, Francesco Bonfante, Silvia Maniero, Angélique Angot, Mamadou Niang, Alice Fusaro, Federica Gobbo, Calogero Terregino, Taiwo Olasoju, Isabella Monne, and Maryam
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highly pathogenic avian influenza ,H5N1/H9N2 reassortant virus ,Nigeria - Abstract
In 2021, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and global food insecurity, the Nigerian poultry sector was exposed to the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus and its economic challenges. Between 2021 and 2022, HPAI caused 467 outbreaks reported in 31 of the 37 administrative regions in Nigeria. In this study, we characterized the genomes of 97 influenza A viruses of the subtypes H5N1, H5N2, and H5N8, which were identified in different agro-ecological zones and farms during the 2021–2022 epidemic. The phylogenetic analysis of the HA genes showed a widespread distribution of the H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b and similarity with the HPAI H5Nx viruses that have been detected in Europe since late 2020. The topology of the phylogenetic trees indicated the occurrence of several independent introductions of the virus into the country, followed by a regional evolution of the virus that was most probably linked to its persistent circulation in West African territories. Additional evidence of the evolutionary potential of the HPAI viruses circulating in this region is the identification in this study of a putative H5N1/H9N2 reassortant virus in a mixed-species commercial poultry farm. Our data confirm Nigeria as a crucial hotspot for HPAI virus introduction from the Eurasian territories and reveal a dynamic pattern of avian influenza virus evolution within the Nigerian poultry population.
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- 2023
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15. Extensive Diversity and Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5) in Poultry in Nigeria, 2021-2022
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Clement Adebajo Meseko, Milani Adelaide, Bitrus Inuwa, Chinonyerem Chinyere, Ismaila Shittu, James Ahmed, Edoardo Giussani, Elisa Palumbo, Bianca Zecchin, Francesco Bonfante, Silvia Maniero, Angélique Angot, Mamadou Niang, Alice Fusaro, Federica Gobbo, Calogero Terregino, Taiwo Olasoju, Isabella Monne, and Maryam Muhammad
- Abstract
In 2021, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and global food insecurity, the Nigerian poultry sector was yet exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus and its economic challenges. Between 2021 and 2022, HPAI caused 467 outbreaks reported in 31 of the 37 administrative regions in Nigeria. In this study, we characterized the genome of 97 influenza A viruses of the subtypes H5N1, H5N2 and H5N8 identified in different agro-ecological zones and farms during the 2021-2022 epidemic. The phylogenetic analysis of the HA genes showed widespread distribution of the H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b and similarity with the HPAI H5Nx viruses detected in Europe since late 2020. Topology of the phylogenetic trees indicates the occurrence of several independent introductions of the virus into the country followed by a regional evolution of the virus most probably linked to its persistent circulation in West African territories. An additional evidence of the evolutionary potential of HPAI viruses circulating in this region is the identification in this study of a putative H5N1/H9N2 reassortant virus in a mixed-species commercial poultry farm. Our data confirm Nigeria as a crucial hotspot for HPAI virus introduction from the Eurasian territories and reveal a dynamic pattern of avian influenza virus evolution within the Nigerian poultry population.
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- 2023
16. Sero-detection of antibodies to Avian metaavulavirus 2 in peri-domestic birds, Nigeria
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Bitrus Inuwa, Yakubu Joel Atuman, Clement Adebajo Meseko, and Ismaila Shittu
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Medical Laboratory Technology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Published
- 2022
17. Genetic characterization and Temporal dynamics of Orf virus in Small Ruminants from Republic of Niger and parts of Northern Nigeria sold in Livestock Market in Abuja
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Babatunde Motayo, Anyebe Bernard ONOJA, Oluwaseyi AJAGBE, Andrew Musa ADAMU, Cornelius Arome OMATOLA, Ismaila Shittu, and Adenike AJAGBE
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Background: Orf virus (ORFV) is an important zoonotic parapox virus, with 100% morbidity. It affects mainly domesticated ruminants such as sheep and goats. This study determined the molecular epidemiology of ORFV local as well as imported sheep and goats in Nigeria and evolution of ORFV in Africa. Methods: A total of 30 small ruminants with orf were sampled in a livestock market Abuja Nigeria.Skin scabs from pathological tissues were collected and processed for viral genomic DNA. PCR and Sanger sequencing of B2L gene of ORFV. Phylogenetic analysis, phylogeography, and Bayesian skygird reconstruction (BSK), including mutational changes were performed on B2L gene sequences. Results: An ORFV positivity rate of 67% was determined from samples. Animals Conclusion: We report molecular evolution of ORFV in Africa and identified gap in molecular data; we recommend regional molecular surveillance of ORFV and other zoonotic trans-boundary diseases in global health prevention and control effort.
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- 2023
18. Attitude towards wearing face mask increases vulnerability of men over women and the risk of Covid-19 pandemic spread in Jos-South metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria
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Ismaila Shittu, Tony M. Joannis, Clement Meseko, Idris Umar Hambali, Bitrus Inuwa, Dorcas A. Gado, Hassan I. Musa, and Judith D. Bakam
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Geography ,Plateau ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,State (polity) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pandemic ,Vulnerability ,Face (sociological concept) ,Socioeconomics ,media_common - Abstract
Covid-19 pandemic has hit many countries and put the majority of the public health system to test globally. Mandatory use of facemask was among policies set by the government to contain the spread of the novel disease. But citizens’ attitudes and compliance with these policies are important in controlling the pandemic. We assessed gender-based compliance to Covid-19 protocol (use of face mask) in Jos South, Plateau State, Nigeria.
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- 2021
19. Genetic and serological evidence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus circulation in Ticks and Cattle in North Central Nigeria
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Olanrewaju Eyitayo Igah, Chinyere, Chinonyerem N, Ismaila Shittu, Clement Meseko, Ndudim Isaac Ogo, Audu Joseph Natala, and Junaidu Kabir
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Crimean - Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic febrile disease that is highly pathogenic in humans with enzootic cycle between tick vectors and animal hosts. Human infection with CCHFV takes the clinical form of viral haemorrhagic disease, a major health condition but with limited testing in Nigeria. In this study, blood samples were collected from 333 pastoralists’ cattle in North Central Nigeria and 1,470 ticks were picked from the animals. For serology, Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) was performed using a double antigen multi species ELISA kit with sensitivity and specificity of 98.9% and 95% respectively at 95% confidence interval to detect IgG antibody to CCHFV in plasma. RT-qPCR virological technique was used to identify viral antigen in ticks that were pooled based on location and genus. Four species of ticks were morphologically identified to parasitize cattle in the sampled location namely; Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus) decoloratus (34.6%), Hyalomma truncatum (32.9%), Amblyomma variegatum (24.6%) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (8%). The seroprevalence of CCHFV was found to be 67%. In Kaduna state, 85 of 108 plasma samples tested positive (78.7%) while in Plateau state 138 of 225 plasma samples tested positive (61.3%). Of the 41 pools of tick tested for CCHF, one (1) pool of 35 Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus) ticks (2.4%) was positive for CCHF virus with qPCR cycle threshold of 31.88. Although Hyalommaspp. is documented to be the main vector of CCHFV, in the present investigation, Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus) species was identified to play a role as reservoir of CCHF. The high seroprevalence of CCHF in livestock underscores the public health risk associated with CCHFV at the human-animal interface in Nigeria.
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- 2022
20. Analysis of Amino Acid Changes in Fusion protein of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus from vaccinated poultry in Nigerian Isolates
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Olubukola Olubukola Funsho-Sanni, Elijah Ekah Ella, Dahiru Lawal Rogo, Olufunsho Samuel Sanni, Helen I. Inabo, Sodangi Abdulkarim Luka, and Ismaila Shittu
- Abstract
The roles of Fusion gene in the virulence of Newcastle disease virus has been well established but the extent of its variation among the newly identified XIV, XVII and XVIII genotypes which are predominantly found in Central and West Africa have until recently been understudied and LaSota vaccine strain protection against mortality and morbidity against XIV genotype is the least reported. In this study, F gene of vNDV isolated from samples collected in Nigeria from chicken cadaver from vaccinated chicken flocks showing high mortality, clinical signs and post-mortem lesions attributable to ND during March and April, 2020 were sequenced and analysed for information about genetic changes. Results showed that all isolates from our study have virulent cleavage site sequence 112-RRRKR-116/F117 and clustered within genotype XIVb. Sequence analysis show K78R mutation in the A2 antigenic epitope in all isolates, and more along the F gene which vary in some instances within the isolates. Mutation in this A2 antigenic epitope has been reported to induce escape mutation to monoclonal antibodies generated using NDV LaSota strain. Averages of antigenic variability and percentage homology between the isolates and commonly used vaccines is 0.24; 81.40% and 0.22; 81.90% for LaSota and Komorov vaccines respectively. Nucleotide sequences was assigned accession numbers OK491971-OK491977. Many substitutions were observed in the isolates and some of their functions are yet to be determined.
- Published
- 2022
21. Zoonotic Diseases Situation in Nigeria; Control Measures and Challenges
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Clement Meseko, Wilson Bertu, Ishaya Tekki, Ismaila Shittu, Amyel Gusi, Sunday Hambolu, Tony Joannis, David Shamaki, and Reuben Ocholi
- Abstract
Infectious diseases are responsible for illness, deaths and economic losses in human and animals. The situation is worse in developing countries with limited resources, poor infrastructures and technology necessary for disease prevention and control. Consequently, causative agents of diseases may emerge from animal reservoirs and are transmitted from animals to human as zoonoses or sustained human-to-human transmission may occur. About 60% of infectious diseases are zoonotic and over 75% of emerging and re-emerging diseases in human are acquired from animal hosts. Globally and in Nigeria, zoonotic diseases previously controlled such as yellow fever, Orthopoxvirus (monkey pox virus), Lassa fever, anthrax etc. are re-emerging and new ones like Avian influenza, Ebola, and respiratory coronaviruses (SARS, MERS and 2019-nCoV) are emerging. In addition, the transboundary nature and inter-continental introductions of many of these pathogens threaten the national economy and public health. Other zoonotic diseases like rabies, brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis are intractable due in part to negligence. Hence, the burden of zoonotic diseases in Nigeria is high and unabated despite available preventive vaccination for a disease like rabies. Some of these important zoonoses are discussed in detail in this paper with emphasis on effective control through the application of modern technology for surveillance, early and accurate diagnosis, biosecurity and preventive vaccination. These tools are however insufficiently deployed in Nigeria. It is therefore imperative to prioritise public health policies with focus on research, development and innovations for better impact on human and animal health with sequelae on national transformation.
- Published
- 2021
22. Human Respiratory Infections in Nigeria: Influenza and the Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
- Author
-
Theophilus Emeto, Dennis Kabantiyok, Nathaniel Ninyio, Ismaila Shittu, Oyelola ADEGBOYE, and Clement Meseko
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Infectious Diseases ,Drug Discovery ,Immunology ,Pharmacology (medical) - Abstract
The increasing outbreak of zoonotic diseases presents challenging times for nations and calls for a renewed effort to disrupt the chain of events that precede it. Nigeria’s response to the 2006 bird flu provided a platform for outbreak response, yet it was not its first experience with Influenza. This study describes the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Influenza surveillance and, conversely, while the 1918 Influenza pandemic remains the most devastating (500,000 deaths in 18 million population) in Nigeria, the emergence of SARS CoV-2 presented renewed opportunities for the development of vaccines with novel technology, co-infection studies outcome, and challenges globally. Although the public health Intervention and strategies left some positive outcomes for other viruses, Nigeria and Africa’s preparation against the next pandemic may involve prioritizing a combination of technology, socioeconomic growth, and active surveillance in the spirit of One Health.
- Published
- 2022
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