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8. Echoes of the Past: Unveiling the Kharga Oasis’ Cultural Heritage and Climate Vulnerability through Millennia

Author

British University in Egypt, Ismael, Hossam, Abbas, Waleed, Ghaly, Heba, El Kenawy, Ahmed M., British University in Egypt, Ismael, Hossam, Abbas, Waleed, Ghaly, Heba, and El Kenawy, Ahmed M.

Abstract

The civilization and tangible cultural heritage of the Kharga Oasis has a historical precedence over that of the old Nile Valley civilization. Approximately 12,000 years ago, a significant prehistoric migration occurred from the Kharga Oasis to the Nile Valley. This event was motivated by climate change and the southward shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which caused a shift in Egypt’s savannah forests from abundant vegetation to an extremely dry desert. The present study investigates the progressive deterioration of the tangible cultural and civilized legacy of the Kharga Oasis over the course of several millennia, positing that this phenomenon can be attributed to the area’s vulnerability to paleoclimatic fluctuations. The evaluation of the Kharga Oasis’ susceptibility to climate change was predicated on the scrutiny of petroglyphs that were unearthed at different sites within the Oasis. This analysis was reinforced by paleoclimate information and radiocarbon dating (C14). The utilization of an interdisciplinary approach yielded significant insights into the dynamic climate patterns and their effects on the Kharga Oasis across temporal scales. The results illustrated a noteworthy alteration in climate, which caused the conversion of the Oasis terrain from being heavily wooded to becoming arid, mainly due to extended periods of drought. The present research postulates a novel and alternate hypothesis concerning the archaeological chronology of human habitation in the Kharga Oasis from ancient eras, predicated on the analysis of pictorial depictions on rock surfaces. The findings of this study made a noteworthy contribution to the current corpus of knowledge regarding the vulnerability of the ancient Egyptian society to the impacts of climate variability. Moreover, the petroglyphs’ depictions provided a distinctive viewpoint on the climatic fluctuations that occurred in the Sahara and North Africa throughout the Holocene epoch, as well as the fund

Published
2023

9. Effectiveness of Utilizing Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques to Estimate the Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides Drift over Macon, Alabama.

Author

El Afandi, Gamal, Ismael, Hossam, Fall, Souleymane, and Ankumah, Ramble

Subjects
*PESTICIDES, *REMOTE sensing, *GEOGRAPHIC information systems, *ESTIMATION theory, *SUBURBS, *ELECTROMAGNETIC radiation
Abstract

Farmers utilize pesticides extensively on their farms to control weeds and insects, as well as increase crop productivity. Despite these advantages, their excessive use poses a serious threat, particularly to the population living at the nexus of urban and rural areas. Exposure to pesticide drift can be investigated using geospatial tools. Remote sensing technology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques have been used intensively and constitute trusted tools in different sectors, especially in agriculture. Remote sensing depends on processing the electromagnetic radiation reflected and emitted from the ground target and can be used to identify the main units of Land Use Land Cover (LULC), in addition to measuring crop areas exposed to pesticides. GIS has powerful tools for building a spatial geo-database of pesticide exposure drift. Therefore, the major objective of the research was to explore the effectiveness of using remote sensing and GIS techniques to estimate the exposure organophosphate pesticides drift over Macon County, Alabama. To achieve this objective, the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) dataset, the available pesticide usage data, and gridded population data were used to estimate the potential pesticide drift on the Macon County level. In addition, the AgDRIFT model was used to estimate the potential drift of pesticides from their intended targets at the field level. The results indicated that 6.6% of Macon County's residents are considered potentially severely exposed, and the potentially affected population resides primarily in rural areas. In comparison, 23% of residents of the urban-rural interface are considered to have potentially medium to high exposure. In addition, 38% of residents living in suburban areas are considered to have potentially low-to-medium exposure. The results indicated that both GIS and remote sensing could play an effective role in estimating pesticide exposure drift at the State or County level. In addition, the AgDRIFT model was more appropriate for estimating pesticide drift at the field level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. List of contributors

Author

Abbas, Waleed, Abdallah, A.A., Abdelaal, Mohamed M., Abdel-Motamed, Mohamed, Abdo, Hazem Ghassan, Aboelkhair, Hassan, Abuelgasim, Abdelgadir, Adly, Ashraf, Ahmad Abdelazem, Eman, Albanai, Jasem A., Aldahan, Ala, Alqasemi, Abduldaem S., Alsafadi, Karam, Basset, H. Abdel, Bouabdelli, S., Dalal, Noura, El Kenawy, Ahmed M., Elfadli, Khalid I., Elkashef, Tarek M., Elmesalamy, Marwa, Fadhil Al-Quraishi, Ayad M., Gaber, Islam M., Gamal, Gamil, Ghaly, Heba, Gnedi, Mahmoud Dow, Goudie, Andrew, Hallouz, F., Harsányi, Endre, Hassan, Abbas M., Hassan, Ahmed, Hereher, Mohamed E., Hussain, Abdul Lattif M., Ibrahim, Majed, Ismael, Hossam, Kassem, Said M., Khalil, Alaa Abd ELraouf, Meddi, M., Mohamed, Emad K., Mohammed, Safwan, Nejedlik, Pavol, Omran, El-Sayed E., Rahmouni, A., Ratonyi, Tamás, Robaa, S.M., Saibi, Hakim, Szabó, Szilárd, Taibi, S., Toni, Mostafa, Torab, Magdy, Wahab, M.M. Abdel, and Zeroual, A.

Published
2024
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