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Desenvolvimentos no emergente campo da Economia Comportamental têmproposto uma visão atualizada sobre comportamentos antes taxados como “irracionais”, oque fundamentou mudanças significativas na modelagem econômica clássica de estudos detomada de decisão. Michie et al. (2011) aponta, no entanto, modelos comportamentaisbaseados em evidência e com consistência interna ainda representam uma carência da área.Grande parte das teorias que embasam aplicações acabam encontrando-se enraizadas emconhecimentos intuitivos ou de senso comum sobre o comportamento. Argumenta-se que aPsicologia Comportamental oferece um corpo relevante de teorias e evidências que podemcontribuir para uma compreensão robusta e baseada em evidências sobre a natureza docomportamento por parte das Ciências Econômicas. Tais contribuições podem ser úteispara uma melhor compreensão de como variáveis essenciais para predizer comportamentoso afetam, possibilitando melhor planejamento de aplicações. Alguns caminhos relevantespelos quais ambas as áreas podem se beneficiar de uma comunicação mais fluída serãodiscutidos.

The returned soldier has been a central figure in the first wave of Canadian plays to deal with the War in Afghanistan. Returned soldiers emerge as protagonists in Pierre-Michel Tremblay’s Au Champ de Mars, Hannah Moscovitch’s This Is War, and George F. Walker’s Dead Metaphor while Evan Webber and Frank Cox-O’Connell Little Iliad deals with a soldier about to be dispatched to Afghanistan. The returned soldier, a damaged warrior and a witness to acts of unspeakable evil, is a liminal figure, connecting the passive humdrum of Canadian life to the brutality of the war zone far away. This paper looks at how such stories of the trauma of soldiers alternately participate in and critique a view of Canadian foreign policy as a series of innocent interventions in conflicts with violent, irrational enemies.

Chapter 10 discusses the rational investor, behavioral finance, neurofinance, consensus opinions, and their impacts on stock and other markets. The chapter begins with a discussion of rational investor paradigms, describing the St. Petersburg Paradox and von Neuman-Morgenstern axioms of choice. Essential findings of Prospect Theory are described, including the framing and anchoring problems, myopia, overreaction, overconfidence, and other fundamental problems in pursuing sound rational solutions to investing, and trading problems. Connections between all of these barriers to rational decision-making to finance are explored. Psychological and physiological underpinnings to such problems are offered. Relationships between irrational investors and markets, either efficient or inefficient are discussed. In this discussion, game shows, betting markets, analyst estimates, and consensus forecasts are offered as evidence that cognitively impaired investors can comprise rational markets, while information cascades and herding can lead to irrational markets.

Summary The text addresses the risks involving xenophobia against the Chinese on the internet, and social networks, from the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to demonstrating how irrational this manifestation is, especially the idea of virus creation in a laboratory. For this purpose, historical examples of how xenophobic prejudice is meaningless and have damaged humanity's trajectory in all world regions are addressed. Finally, I warn about the need to use science to confront the new coronavirus and abandon conspiracy theories.

We investigate stochastic properties of the backward continued fraction expansion of irrational numbers in ( 0 , 1 ) . For the mean process associated with a real-valued observable which depends only on the first digit of the expansion, we establish the large deviation principle. For any such observable which is non-negative, we completely determine the set of minimizers of the rate function in terms of a growth rate of the observable. Our method of proof employs the thermodynamic formalism for topological Markov shifts, and a multifractal analysis on Lyapunov exponents for the Renyi map generating the backward continued fraction expansion.

Amid the flood of fake news on Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), now referred to as COVID-19 infodemic, it is critical to understand the nature and characteristics of COVID-19 infodemic since it not only results in altered individual perception and behavior shift such as irrational preventative actions but also presents imminent threat to the public safety and health. In this study, we build on First Amendment theory, integrate text and network analytics and deploy a three-pronged approach to develop a deeper understanding of COVID-19 infodemic. The first prong uses Latent Direchlet Allocation (LDA) to identify topics and key themes that emerge in COVID-19 fake and real news. The second prong compares and contrasts different emotions in fake and real news. The third prong uses network analytics to understand various network-oriented characteristics embedded in the COVID-19 real and fake news such as page rank algorithms, betweenness centrality, eccentricity and closeness centrality. This study carries important implications for building next generation trustworthy technology by providing strong guidance for the design and development of fake news detection and recommendation systems for coping with COVID-19 infodemic. Additionally, based on our findings, we provide actionable system focused guidelines for dealing with immediate and long-term threats from COVID-19 infodemic.

This study explored the relationship between Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and irrational procrastination in a mobile social media environment and its underlying mechanism: the mediating role of cognitive failure. The study was conducted with 817 college students using the FoMO Scale, Irrational Procrastination Scale, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, and Self-Control Scale. The results showed that (a) FoMO positively predicted irrational procrastination in the mobile social media environment; (b) cognitive failure had a complete mediating effect on the relationship between FoMO and irrational procrastination; and (c) self-control had a moderating effect on the relationship between FoMO and cognitive failure.

The purpose of the current study is to determine the extent to which adolescents’ irrational beliefs are predicted by their personality characteristics and stress coping approaches and to investigate whether adolescents’ irrational beliefs vary significantly depending on gender and parents’ education level. The population of the study is comprised of 5120 high school students attending the high schools in the Menteşe district of the city of Muğla in 2019-2020 school year. The sample of the study consists of 512 students selected from among the population by using the stratified sampling method. As the data collection tools, an information form to collect demographic data about the students, the Irrational Beliefs Scale-Adolescent Form, the Five-Factor Personality Inventory and the Scale of Stress Coping Styles, were used in the current study. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the extent to which the adolescents’ personality characteristics and stress coping approaches predict irrational beliefs and three-directional variance analysis was conducted to determine whether the adolescents’ irrational beliefs vary significantly depending on gender, mother’s education level and father’s education level. As a result of the study, it was concluded that of the personality characteristics, the sub-dimension of “neuroticism” is a positive predictor and the sub-dimensions of “openness to experience”, “agreeableness” and “conscientiousness” are negative predictors and of the stress coping approaches, the sub-dimension of “desperate approach” is a positive predictor, while the sub-dimensions of “optimistic approach” and “seeking for social support” are negative and significant predictors of the irrational beliefs of the adolescents. While the adolescents’ irrational beliefs were found to be not varying significantly depending on gender, mother’s education level and father’s education level, they were found to be varying significantly depending on binary interaction of gender x father’s education level. While in the male adolescents, the irrational beliefs were found to be decreasing with the increasing education level of the father, this is not true for the female adolescents.

Nowadays economic psychology is a field of science that has serious potential to compete classical economic theories. Many contemporary authors are interested in the discipline which is proved by the variety of emerging branches of economic psychology. Some of them are economists, other psychologists, but a small percentage of them have both economic and psychological education. This pattern explains some serious misunderstandings in the scientific literature in the field. The lack of understanding of both sciences at the same time leads to extremes in the conclusions, which in turn are not accepted as universally valid by economists and psychologists. Мoreover, the literature on the subject written by economists and psychologists seems very different. Economists attach more importance to the results of economic choice, while psychologists analyze primarily the causes for it. However, the connection between the two disciplines is indisputable. Despite the variety of branches of economic psychology, it is worth paying attention to the first work in the field written by an economist, which gives fundamental answers that modern scientists seem to miss. Lionel Robbins essay represents an extraordinary balance between the economic and the psychological issues, united in an ideal symbiosis.

We develop a novel three-level compact method (implicit) of second order in time and space directions using unequal grid for the numerical solution of 2D quasi-linear hyperbolic partial differential equations on an irrational domain. The stability analysis of the model problem for unequal mesh is discussed and it is revealed that the developed scheme is unconditionally stable for the Telegraphic equation. For linear difference equations on an irrational domain, the alternating direction implicit method is discussed. The projected technique is scrutinized on several physical problems on an irrational domain to exhibitthe accuracy and effectiveness of the suggested method. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 69(2): 116-123, 2021 (July)

For x irrational, we study the convergence of series of the form ∑ n − s f ( n x ) where f is a real-valued, 1-periodic function which is continuous, except for singularities at the integers with a potential growth. We show that it is possible to fully characterize the convergence set and to approximate the series in terms of the continued fraction of x. This improves and generalizes recent results by Rivoal who studied the examples f ( t ) = cot ⁡ ( π t ) and f ( t ) = sin − 2 ⁡ ( π t ) .

Using information on mutual fund trades executed from 1998 to 2017 by 31,513 individual investor clients of a major Portuguese financial institution, we study the relationship between the disposition effect, financial literacy and trading experience. We find that mutual fund investors exhibit strong disposition effect. The tendency to hold losers is partially offset with literacy: not only holding a university degree reduces the propensity to hold on to loser funds but also higher financial knowledge and stronger math skills reduce the disposition effect. Literacy also plays a role in shaping the way experience affects this bias. Evidence of the disposition effect persists after accounting for redemption fees, bad emotions, irrational beliefs, market sentiment and the existence of someone to blame.

The problem of quantification of emotions in the choice between alternatives is considered. The alternatives are evaluated in a dual manner. From one side, they are characterized by rational features defining the utility of each alternative. From the other side, the choice is affected by emotions labeling the alternatives as attractive or repulsive, pleasant or unpleasant. A decision maker needs to make a choice taking into account both these features, the utility of alternatives and their attractiveness. The notion of utility is based on rational grounds, while the notion of attractiveness is vague and rather is based on irrational feelings. A general method, allowing for the quantification of the choice combining rational and emotional features, is described. Despite that emotions seem to avoid precise quantification, their quantitative evaluation is possible at the aggregate level. The analysis of a series of empirical data demonstrates the efficiency of the approach, including the realistic behavioral problems that cannot be treated by the standard expected utility theory.

Recently, along with the advancement of academic procrastination research, scholars have made tremendous efforts to understand different aspects of this construct, including its different forms, causes, correlated variables and consequences. Previous studies have noted that irrational beliefs were associated with procrastination, yet limited research has been conducted on this issue, particularly considering different forms of academic procrastination. The present study achieved two goals: a validation of the Rational and Irrational Beliefs on Procrastination (RIBP) scale and a test of the potential explanatory role of such beliefs in different forms of procrastination. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the validity of the two-factor RIBP scale. Hierarchical linear models were performed on each form of procrastination score in males and females separately. The two forms of procrastination exhibited different relation patterns to rational/irrational beliefs in different gender groups. Implications of the findings were discussed.

History instructs us that electrical power can be decarbonized in less than a dozen years with combinations of renewable and nuclear energy, but exaggerated fears of the latter have made it too cos...

BackgroundUse of race and ethnicity is common in medical tests and procedures, even though these categories are defined by sociological, historical, and political processes, and vary considerably in their definitions over time and place. Because all societies organize themselves around these constructs in some way, they are undeniable facets of the human experience, with myriad health consequences. In the biomedical literature, they are also commonly interpreted as representing biological heterogeneity that is relevant for health and disease.ContentWe review the use of race and ethnicity in medical practice, especially in the USA, and provide 2 specific examples to represent a large number of similar instances. We then critique these uses along a number of different dimensions, including limitations in measurement, within- versus between-group variance, and implications for informativeness of risk markers for individuals, generalization from arbitrary or nonrepresentative samples, perpetuation of myths and stereotypes, instability in time and place, crowding out of more relevant risk markers, stigmatization, and the tainting of medicine with the history of oppression. We conclude with recommendations to improve practice that are technical, ethical, and pragmatic.SummaryMedicine has evolved from a mystical healing art to a mature science of human health through a rigorous process of quantification, experimentation, and evaluation. Folkloric traditions, such as race- and ethnic-specific medicine will fade from use as we become increasingly critical of outdated and irrational clinical practices and replace these with personalized, evidenced-based tests, algorithms, and procedures that privilege patients’ individual humanity over obsolete and misleading labels.

The research featured the way time attitude depend on the levels of subjective well-being and optimism. The attitude manifested as temporal freedom, dependence, and infantilism. The authors believe that attitude to one's time can be an indicator of one’s subjective well-being and optimism. The survey included 297 senior students (age 21–22, 154 female subjects) of the Ugra State University (Khanty-Mansiysk) and the Kurgan branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (Kurgan). All the participants were citizens of Russia. The study employed a set of methods, including authentic versions of The Scale of Attitude to Time and The Scale of Optimism of Personality, as well as The Scale of Subjective Well-Being adapted by M.V. Sokolova. The study established the interdependence of subjective well-being and optimism with time attitude represented by temporary freedom, dependence, and infantilism. Optimists saw time as a resource for activity and demonstrated no obsession with time management and control. Students with a sense of well-being and optimism had low temporal dependence; those with moderate levels of well-being and optimism had higher levels of temporal dependence; those with low levels of subjective well-being demonstrated high levels of temporal dependence. Time attitude proved to be an effective indicator of subjective well-being. For instance, flexible attitude to time management reflected subjective well-being. Time dependence indicated subjective disadvantage and pessimism. Temporal infantilism, i.e. irrational attitude to time management, was typical of senior students with increased self-esteem, poor selfunderstanding, non- acceptance, and rejection of difficulties.

Because the spread of pandemics depends heavily on human choices and behaviors, dealing with COVID-19 requires insights from cognitive science which integrates psychology, neuroscience, computer modeling, philosophy, anthropology, and linguistics. Cognitive models can explain why scientists adopt hypotheses about the causes and treatments of disease based on explanatory coherence. Irrational deviations from good reasoning are explained by motivated inference in which conclusions are influenced by personal goals that contribute to emotional coherence. Decisions about COVID-19 can also be distorted by well-known psychological and neural mechanisms. Cognitive science provides advice about how to improve human behavior in pandemics by changing beliefs and by improving behaviors that result from intention-action gaps.

The current cross-sectional study investigates the relationships between irrational/rational beliefs, procrastination, and life satisfaction in the framework of the psychological distress and health model of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) in a sample of Turkish adults (457). The current findings provide additional evidence to the organizational structure of irrational and rational beliefs in the occurrence of procrastination and life satisfaction. The findings notice that primary irrational/rational cognitive processes predict procrastination via secondary irrational/rational cognitive processes. Global negative evaluation self contributes to procrastination and life satisfaction independently. Finally, the findings reveal that irrational/rational beliefs indirectly predict life satisfaction via procrastination. These findings emphasize that the interventions organized within the REBT framework in combating procrastination may play an important role in increasing life satisfaction.

The foreign policy of some states does not always lend itself to rational explanation. The antithesis of the all-embracing rationality model was the model of incrementalism, first proposed by C. Lindblom, professor at Yale University. It was he who first noted that in the decision-making process there is a constant lack of knowledge, information, resources; and the role of uncertainty is great in the internal and external environment, which is difficult to control. However, even when ideally informed, politicians can make irrational decisions. Incrementalism as a theoretical approach draws attention to situations where decisions are not based on available and verified information. Political processes and relevant management decisions in Armenia and Belarus in 2020 indicate that the information quality and the management quality do not always correlate with each other.

This study proposes a computational human decision-making model that handles emotion-induced behaviour. The proposed model can determine a rational or irrational action according to a probability distribution obtained by mixing an optimal policy of a partially observable Markov decision process and an evolved probability distribution by novel dynamics of emotions. Emotion dynamics with consecutive negative observations cause emotion-induced irrational behaviours. We clarify the conditions, via two theorems, that the proposed model computes rational and irrational actions in terms of some model parameters. A numerical example based on Japanese court records is used to confirm that the proposed model imitates the human decision-making process. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of preventive measures for avoiding the murder case scenario. This study shows that if the traits of a decision maker can be modelled, the proposed model can support human interactions to avoid an emotion-driven murder case scenario.

An important component of Apery’s proof that ζ(3) is irrational involves representing ζ(3) as the limit of the quotient of two rational solutions to a three-term recurrence. We present various appr...

From the philosophical perspective article deals with the correlation between law and consciousness. To address the issue, ideas from renowned thinkers are used. It specifically describes the experience of addressing the subject in Russian philosophy from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. The article shows the reasons for preferring law or consciousness in different periods of history and demonstrates the rational nature of law and the irrational nature of consciousness, indicating that law and consciousness are not mutually exclusive. It concludes with an attempt to combine the two concepts in activities of people who must enforce legal norms. Using the experience of Russian philosophy, which regards the law as a moral minimum, people are advised to govern their actions not only by legal rules, but by listening to the voice of their conscience. The authors suggest understanding conscience as a spiritual and moral human law that makes it possible to make decisions without being forced or motivated from the outside, governed by the internal realization of good and evil and identifying the veracity, justice, and rectitude of an act.

Trust has played a pivotal role in the evolution of modern human societies, and it continues to be an essential underpinning of our social interactions. It is therefore important that we develop rigorous mathematical foundations that will enable us to better understand what promotes and what erodes trust and how to best preserve trustworthiness. To that effect we propose a trust game, wherein investors, trustworthy trustees, and untrustworthy trustees compete for assets subject to a third-party evaluation system that oversees and modifies each individual reputation. We use Monte Carlo simulations on social networks to determine critical values of the degree of rationality and the reputation threshold that warrant high levels of trust and social wealth. We show that if investors have access to the reputation scores of trustees, the fraction of untrustworthy trustees drops if only the degree of rationality is sufficiently large, and this irrespective of reputation threshold that determines the cutoff for untrustworthiness. But even though investors are allowed irrational investments, trust can still proliferate if the reputation threshold is sufficiently high. Our results thus formalize essential mechanisms of trust in social networks, which also outline policies to diminish untrustworthiness that can be employed in real life.

We generalize Khintchine’s method of constructing totally irrational singular vectors and linear forms. The main result of the paper shows existence of totally irrational vectors and linear forms with large uniform Diophantine exponents on certain subsets of ℝn, in particular on any analytic submanifold of ℝn of dimension ≥2 which is not contained in a proper rational affine subspace.

A variety of behavioral and neural phenomena suggest that organisms evaluate outcomes not on an absolute utility scale, but relative to some dynamic and context-sensitive reference or scale. Sometimes, as in foraging tasks, this results in sensible choices; in other situations, like choosing between options learned in different contexts, irrational choices can result. We argue that what unites and demystifies these various phenomena is that the brain's goal is not assessing utility as an end in itself, but rather comparing different options to choose the better one. In the presence of uncertainty, noise, or costly computation, adjusting options to the context can produce more accurate choices.

Across many domains of decision making, people seem both rational and irrational. We review recent work that aims to reconcile these apparently contradictory views by modeling human decisions as optimal under a set of cognitive resource constraints. This ‘resource-rational’ analysis connects psychology and neuroscience to ideas from engineering, economics, and machine learning. Here, we focus on an information-theoretic formalization of cognitive resources, highlighting its implications for understanding three important and widespread phenomena: reference dependence, stochastic choice, and perseveration. While these phenomena have traditionally been viewed as irrational biases or errors, we suggest that they may arise from a rational solution to the problem of resource-limited decision making.

According to evidentialism, what is epistemically rational to believe is determined by evidence alone. So, assuming that prejudiced beliefs are irrational, evidentialism entails that they must not be properly based on the evidence. Recently, philosophers have been interested in cases of beliefs that seem to undermine evidentialism: these are beliefs that seem both prejudiced (and, thus, irrational) and properly based on the evidence (and, thus, rational). In these cases, a believer has strong statistical evidence that most members of a social group have some property and then comes to believe that an individual member of that social group will likely have that property. For example, a server at a restaurant has statistical evidence that most Black diners tip less than average and then comes to believe that a particular Black diner will likely tip less than average. The goal of this paper is to defend evidentialism from the challenge posed to it by beliefs like the server’s by developing a plausible evidentialist account that explains away these conflicting intuitions.

In a post-truth era, taking seriously the assertions of political figures and what other people say on the internet strikes many as irrational and gullible. Let us call this reaction the “incredulous reaction.” In this paper, I consider a common response to the targets of the incredulous reaction: excluding them from activities like debate and discounting their beliefs as relevant to our own. This exclusion is motivated by the assumption that those who continue to place epistemic trust in a post-truth society are acting irrationally. I begin with an argument that we can justifiably exclude irrational persons from our epistemic activities. I then present a conflict that emerges when we take the wellbeing of our epistemic community to be an end in and of itself, and not merely a means for pursuing other epistemic goods. I propose that healthy epistemic communities depend on networks of epistemic trust and on ensuring their members are treated with the epistemic respect they deserve. If we were to adopt the development of a healthy epistemic community as a goal, then excluding others may no longer be a justifiable choice.

This paper is published within the frame of the project Institutional Counselling in Fight against Discrimination (ITMS2014 + 312041V753). This project is implemented thanks to support from the European Social Fund and the European Regional Development Fund under the Operational Program Human Resources and with the support of International Scientific Research Project: Pastoral practice, psychology and philosophical-theological-social fragments in the light of the 21st century (contract number: 010-2021). Cooperation among: Sociedad Hispanica de Amigos de Kierkegaard, University of Granada (Spain) and College of Applied Psychology in Terezin (Czech Republic), 2021-2022., Aim. The present study is focused on exploring of the relationship between spirituality and irrational beliefs particularly in relation to movement activities in Slovakia and Czechia, i.e., helplessness, idealisation, perfectionism, external vulnerability, and negative expectation. Concept. Our research has been focused on the investigation, comparison, and correlation between the level of spirituality and irrational beliefs depending on the frequency of sport activities. Method. The research sample (N = 469) consisted of Slovak and Czech health population aged 18-70 (M = 41.97, SD = 13.14), of which 42.2% were men (N = 198) and 57.8% were women (N = 271). The level of spirituality was identified by means of the Expressions of Spiritual Inventory-Revised – ESI-R (MacDonald, 2000). The irrational beliefs were measured using the Scale of Irrational Beliefs (Kondáš & Kordáčová, 2000). Results. Research results confirmed the differences between the variables of spirituality and irrational beliefs based on the frequency of sports activities. Also, we confirmed the hypothesis of negative correlation between spirituality and irrational beliefs. Conclusion. In our study, we focused on the correlations between irrational beliefs and spirituality in group of Slovak and Czech population. Based on our results we can draw several conclusions. Research results confirmed the differences between the variables of spirituality and irrational beliefs based on frequency of sports activities., project Institutional Counselling in Fight against Discrimination ITMS2014 + 312041V753, European Social Fund (ESF), European Regional Development Fund under the Operational Program Human Resources 010-2021 2021-2022

The transition from bullying victimization to bullying perpetration is well documented in the literature. However, the mechanisms linking bullying victimization to perpetration are not fully understood. The main aim of the current study was to conduct a preliminary research investigating the indirect effects of youths bullying victimization on bullying perpetration through irrational cognitions and externalizing problems. The second aim of the study was to explore the moderating role of the type of parental attachment (secure vs. insecure) in the proposed model in explaining the association of bullying victimization and bullying perpetration. Data were collected from 269 adolescents (11-15 years; M = 11.98, SD = .68), enrolled in middle public schools from Romania. Path analysis and moderated path analysis were conducted to explore the direct and indirect effects and moderating effects, respectively. Study findings indicate that bullying victimization was indirectly related to bullying perpetration separately through youths’ irrational cognition as well as through externalizing problems. The serial indirect pathway from victimization to perpetration through irrational cognitions leading further to externalizing problems was also significant. However, the type of attachment that adolescents reported having toward their parents failed to moderate the indirect pathways, since all the interaction terms were nonsignificant. These findings advance the field prevention and intervention by identifying irrational cognitions and externalizing problems as important targets that anti-bullying programs should address to stop the transition from victims of bullying to perpetrators.

The purpose of this paper is to analyses the phenomenon of Muslims responding to government policies in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a review of the polarization of Muslims towards government policies to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. There has been a change in the lifestyle of the Indonesian ‘Muslim community during the COVID-19 pandemic, and one of them can be seen from their worship practices. The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) as a religious authority has issued a fatwa that supports the government program in preventing the transmission of COVID-19. However, polarization occurred among the people, giving rise to new social categories that tended to be opposed to pro-government people. The methodology used is a religious sociology approach. The conclusion of this analysis is that Muslims are polarized in accepting government policies, namely;1) irrational-passive groups, those whose views are not based on scientific logic and do not provide solutions in preventing the COVID-19 pandemic, 2) active-hating groups but the arguments given tend to be irrational, 3) rational groups, but some are semi-rational and support government policies, 4) rational groups but shy in presenting their arguments, and 5) rational-active groups supporting government policies. © 2021 Linguistic Society of America. All Rights Reserved.

It is known that the Hurwitz zeta-function $$\zeta(s,\alpha)$$ with transcendental or rational parameter $$\alpha$$ has a discrete universality property; i.e., the shifts $$\zeta(s+ikh,\alpha)$$ , $$k\in\mathbb N_0$$ , $$h> 0$$ , approximate a wide class of analytic functions. The case of algebraic irrational $$\alpha$$ is a complicated open problem. In the paper, some progress in this problem is achieved. It is proved that there exists a nonempty closed set $$F_{\alpha,h}$$ of analytic functions such that the functions in $$F_{\alpha,h}$$ are approximated by the above shifts. Also, the case of certain compositions $$\Phi(\zeta(s,\alpha))$$ is discussed.

In wind engineering, the morphology of the turbine blade system governs the effectiveness in harvesting wind energy. The flow field response is the result of the turbine blade shape interaction with flow. Hence, mathematically interpreting the shape of the blade will help to understand the principals and properties of the utilized geometry for the blade construction. In this study, semicircle geometry of Savonius wind turbine blade is mathematically analyzed in order to understand its fundamental building block. We provide discussion on √2 conjecture found in the construction of circles, Fibonacci and Pythagoras spiral in relations to √2, √2 + 1 and √2 + 2. It is found that √2 conjecture can be utilized in determining the geometrical properties of circle and spiral. We also performed thorough assessment of the proposed conjecture to prove its robustness and reliability. The proposed conjecture is adapted to construct the blade morphology of drag induced wind turbine. CFD analysis is carried out to investigate the aerodynamic properties namely moment coefficient (Cm) of the constructed wind turbine shape via the proposed conjecture. Results shows that the proposed shape constructed based on the conjecture has improved Cm by 7.2 % at λ = 0.59 and 4 % at λ = 0.94 compared to conventional SWT.

Harold Pinter’in 1958/1980 tarihli The Hothouse tiyatro oyunu komikliğin rasyonel ve irrasyonel yaklaşımlarından yararlanarak bir gülme etkisi meydana getirir. Absürt bir tonla, bu iki perdelik oyun zaman/mekân ve karakterleriyle hiyerarşik iktidar yapılarını alaya almayı amaçlamaktadır. Esprili ve eğlenceli diyaloglarıyla oyun gülmenin sosyal ve psikolojik işlevlerini bir araya getirerek bir gülme etkisi yaratmaktadır. Bu makale Pinter’in tiyatro oyununu gülme etkisinin rasyonel ve irrasyonel kullanımından yola çıkarak yakından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Henri Bergson’un rasyonel komik yaklaşımında gülme kavramı ile Freud’un irrasyonel komik yaklaşımı olan şaka kavramını kullanan bu çalışma, Pinter’ın oyununda gülme etkisinin nasıl oluşturulduğunu göstermektedir., Harold Pinter’s 1958/1980 play The Hothouse presents the laughter effect by making use of rational and irrational approaches of comic. In its absurdist tone, the two act play aims to mock hierarchical power structures with its setting and characters. With its witty and playful dialogues, the play creates the laughter effect by amalgamating the social and psychological functions of laughter. This article seeks to study Pinter’s play closely from the use of rational and irrational way of the laughter effect. Using the theories of Henri Bergson’s laughter concept as a rational comic approach and Freud’s joke concept as an irrational comic approach, this study shows how laughter effect is constructed in Pinter’s play.

Value stocks have endured a period of severe underperformance until recently. This article shows that the value spreads between valuations of value stocks and their most expensive peers expanded in all regions and sectors during this period of underperformance, reaching the same extreme high levels last seen at the peak of the tech bubble in 2000. Investors have rerated expensive stocks relative to their value peers, thus reflecting an expanding difference in their respective earnings growth forecasts. There are signs this trend may now have changed. Value spreads may have started a new period of compression at the end of 2020, led by shrinking differences in earnings growth forecasts. A compression in value spreads would be favorable for value stocks, small-capitalization stocks, and multifactor strategies. TOPICS:Security analysis and valuation, analysis of individual factors/risk premia, financial crises and financial market history, performance measurement Key Findings ▪ The spread between valuations of value stocks relative to their expensive peers reached levels last seen in the 2000 tech bubble in every region and sector investigated. This expansion of value spreads explains the recent underperformance of value stocks. ▪ The expansion of value spreads reflected an increasing difference between earnings growth forecasts for expensive and value stocks. Value spreads and earnings growth forecast differences peaked in 2020, suggesting that a regime of value spread compression has begun. ▪ Value spread compression periods are characterized by strong outperformance of value stocks relative to expensive peers and by outperformance of smaller-cap stocks relative to larger-cap stocks. Other sector-neutral styles and their multifactor combinations also do well.

Nudges are behavioral interventions to subtly steer citizens’ choices toward “desirable” options. An important topic of debate concerns the legitimacy of nudging as a policy instrument, and there is a focus on issues relating to nudge transparency, the role of preexisting preferences people may have, and the premise that nudges primarily affect people when they are in “irrational” modes of thinking. Empirical insights into how these factors affect the extent to which people are susceptible to nudge influence (i.e., “nudgeable”) are lacking in the debate. This article introduces the new concept of nudgeability and makes a first attempt to synthesize the evidence on when people are responsive to nudges. We find that nudge effects do not hinge on transparency or modes of thinking but that personal preferences moderate effects such that people cannot be nudged into something they do not want. We conclude that, in view of these findings, concerns about nudging legitimacy should be softened and that future research should attend to these and other conditions of nudgeability.