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Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) poses a significant risk to mental health, especially among adolescents. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the association between CSA and adolescent psychopathology. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, we conducted an extensive search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Embase, and ProQuest, resulting in 27,207 observational studies. From this pool, 87 studies (n: 189,393) were included in the qualitative synthesis and 78 studies were included in meta-analysis, discussing CSA and adolescent’s psychopathology Random effect model with Cohen’s d values were used to analyze data. To assess publication bias, funnel plots, Egger’s regression test, and the fill and trim method were employed, with no significant bias found. The results indicated a positive correlation between CSA and adolescent psychopathology, for example, depression, anxiety, PTSD, suicidal ideation, nonsuicidal self-injury, anger, substance use, and sexrelated behaviors (Pooled association: 0.13–0.25, 95% CI [0.04, 0.28]). Subgroup analysis showed the strongest association in clinical samples. Furthermore, the moderator analysis suggested minimal influence of study-level variables, as well as men showing higher levels of anger and suicidal ideation. The positive correlation between CSA and psychopathological outcomes highlights the detrimental effects of CSA on adolescents’ mental health. To mitigate these effects, increased awareness, prevention efforts, and targeted interventions are essential.

Background: Perceived social support is an established predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after exposure to a traumatic event. Gender is an important factor that could differentiate responses to social support, yet this has been little explored. Symptoms of complex PTSD are also common following trauma but have been under-researched in this context. Large scale studies with culturally diverse samples are particularly lacking.Objectives: In a multi-country sample, we examined: (a) gender differences in perceived social support and both posttraumatic stress symptom severity (PTSS) and complex posttraumatic stress symptom severity (CPTSS); (b) associations between social support and PTSS/CPTSS; and (c) the potential moderating role of gender in the relationship between perceived social support and trauma-related distress.Method: A total of 2483 adults (Mage = 30yrs, 69.9% females) from 39 countries, who had been exposed to mixed trauma types, completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the International Trauma Questionnaire (which captures PTSS/CPTSS). Regression analyses examined associations between gender, perceived social support, and PTSS/CPTSS; and tested for gender by social support interactions in predicting PTSS/CPTSS scores. Models were adjusted for age and socioeconomic status.Results: In our cross-country sample, females had greater PTSS/CPTSS than males (B = .23 [95% CI 0.16, 0.30], p < .001; B = .20 [0.12, 0.27], p < .001; respectively), but there was no evidence of gender differences in perceived social support (B = .05 [-0.05, 0.16], p = .33). For both genders, low perceived social support was associated with higher PTSS/CPTSS (females: B = -.16 [-0.20, -0.12], p < .001; B = -.27 [-0.30, -0.24], p < .001; respectively; males: B = -.22 [-0.29, -0.15], p < .001; B = -.31 [-0.36, -0.26], p < .001; respectively), and for PTSS only we found weak evidence that this association was stronger for males v

The issue of culturally and ethnically unbiased psychological tests has been widely faced in the areas of abilities and attitudes, less so in the context of some other areas frequently relying on self-report symptom measures to assess and monitor symptom change. A very convenient situation would consist of relying on scales for which the measurement properties are consistent across groups, namely for cross-cultural bias. Measurement invariance and differential item bias are critical evidence to this aim, when comparing levels of functioning across people of different demographic characteristics and of culturally divergent groups (Poortinga, 1989). Various approaches to comparability in cross-cultural studies have been developed, a privileged psychometric approach consisting of assessing factors equivalence across several groups (Asparouhov, & Muthén, 2014). Most often, such a single strategy is adopted, satisfactorily addressing some contexts but sometimes leaving a few issues still unanswered. A multistrategy approach has been suggested, where the potential flaws of a single technique may be amended by additional methods, e.g. multidimensional scaling (Hui, & Triandis, 1985). In our study, we focused on suicide risk among youth, suicide being the fourth leading cause of death at this age, with a prevalence that varies widely worldwide. In particular, we collected data upon 1665 Italian university students (Magliocca et al., 2023) and 402 Indian ones. Applying a multistrategy statistical approach, we compared them with respect to suicidal ideation, psychological/psychiatric measures, somatic pain measures, as well as social measures.

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is thought to be associated with altered responses to social stimuli and interpersonal signals. However, limited evidence exists that CM is linked to larger comfortable interpersonal distance (CID) – the physical distance humans prefer towards others during social interactions. However, no previous study has investigated this association in a comprehensive sample, yielding sufficient statistical power. Moreover, preliminary findings are limited to the European region. Finally, it is unclear how CM affects CID towards different interaction partners, and whether CID is linked to social functioning and attachment. To address these outstanding issues, adults (N = 2986) from diverse cultures and socio-economic strata completed a reaction time task measuring CID towards an approaching stranger and friend. Higher CM was linked to a larger CID towards both friends and strangers. Moreover, insecure attachment and less social support were associated with larger CID. These findings demonstrate for the first time that CM affects CID across countries and cultures, highlighting the robustness of this association.

Childhood Emotional Maltreatment (CEM) is a significant but under-studied risk factor for impaired mental health, with adolescents being particularly susceptible. This systematic review and meta-analysis, prospectively registered in PROSPERO as CRD42022383005, aims to synthesize the findings of studies investigating the association between CEM and adolescent psychopathology, making it the first attempt to the best of our knowledge. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Embase, and ProQuest) yielded 12,224 studies, from which 72 were included in the qualitative synthesis. The meta-analysis was conducted on 76 effect sizes (ranging from 0.01 to 0.57) extracted from 56 studies. The assessment of publication bias utilized funnel plots, Egger’s regression test, and the trim and fill method, if required. Additionally, a predictor analysis investigated the influence of study-level variables on the CEM-psychopathology association. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between CEM and adolescent psychopathology (Pooled association: 0.24–0.41) Furthermore, assessment of publication bias indicated no significant bias. The predictor analysis suggested minimal influence of study-level variables. The study underscores the urgent need to address CEM as a crucial risk factor for adolescent psychopathology. The significant positive correlation between CEM and psychopathological outcomes highlights the detrimental effects of CEM on adolescents. Awareness, prevention efforts, and targeted interventions are essential to mitigate these effects. Further studies with culturally diverse and larger sample sizes are required, with emphasis on methodological rigor, given that most of the identified studies showed a high risk of bias.

Objective: The research aims to explore the fulfillment and protection of BPJS Health Patient rights from discriminatory actions in health services. This research uses a normative juridical approach with descriptive analysis. Theoretical framework: This study revolves around the discriminatory treatment in the fulfillment of patient rights within healthcare services provided by the Healthcare Social Security Agency in Indonesia. This framework is constructed upon three pivotal pillars: the concept of patient rights, the role of the Healthcare Social Security Agency, and the overarching principles of social justice. Method: This research is descriptive and of the normative legal research category. Normative legal research is a form of legal research methodology that bases its analysis on relevant laws and regulations applicable to the legal issues that are the primary focus of the research. Meanwhile, the approaches used in this research are conceptual approach, statute approach and case approach. This study utilizes secondary data derived from both primary and secondary sources. Result and conclusion: The results illustrate that health is the main thing that is the basic need of every human being. BPJS guarantees health services for all users by helping to handle the costs of health services. BPJS Health patients have the right to be protected and fulfilled in health services, although in practice sometimes the fulfilment and protection of these rights are ignored by medical personnel and health facilities. The forms of discriminatory treatment experienced by BPJS Health Patients are the treatment of unprofessional health or medical personnel, queuing for service units with a long time, providing unqualified drugs, and limiting the room quota for BPJS patients. Originality/Value: As a recommendation in the study, Health Facilities and Medical Personnel should act professionally without any discrimination in providing health services to BPJS Health participan, Objetivo: A pesquisa tem como objetivo explorar o cumprimento e a proteção dos direitos do paciente de saúde do BPJS contra ações discriminatórias nos serviços de saúde. Esta pesquisa utiliza uma abordagem jurídica normativa com análise descritiva.   Estrutura teórica: Este estudo gira em torno do tratamento discriminatório no cumprimento dos direitos do paciente nos serviços de saúde prestados pela Healthcare Social Security Agency na Indonésia. Essa estrutura é construída com base em três pilares fundamentais: o conceito de direitos do paciente, o papel da Agência de Seguridade Social da Saúde e os princípios abrangentes da justiça social.   Método: Esta pesquisa é descritiva e da categoria de pesquisa jurídica normativa. A pesquisa jurídica normativa é uma forma de metodologia de pesquisa jurídica que baseia sua análise em leis e regulamentos relevantes aplicáveis às questões jurídicas que são o foco principal da pesquisa. Enquanto isso, as abordagens usadas nesta pesquisa são a abordagem conceitual, a abordagem de estatuto e a abordagem de caso. Este estudo utiliza dados secundários derivados de fontes primárias e secundárias.   Resultado e conclusão: Os resultados ilustram que a saúde é a principal necessidade básica de todo ser humano.A BPJS garante serviços de saúde para todos os usuários, ajudando a arcar com os custos dos serviços de saúde.Os pacientes do BPJS Health têm o direito de serem protegidos e atendidos nos serviços de saúde, embora, na prática, às vezes o cumprimento e a proteção desses direitos sejam ignorados pela equipe médica e pelas instalações de saúde. As formas de tratamento discriminatório sofridas pelos pacientes de saúde da BPJS são o tratamento de pessoal médico ou de saúde não profissional, filas longas para unidades de serviço, fornecimento de medicamentos não qualificados e limitação da cota de quartos para pacientes da BPJS.   Originalidade/valor: Como recomendação do estudo, os estabelecimentos de saúde e a equ

The present study demonstrated that exogenously-sourced nitric oxide (as SNP, sodium nitroprusside; NO donor) and sulfur (S) protected photosynthesis against chromium (Cr) stress in wheat (Triticumaestivum L. cv. HD 2851). Plants grown with 100 µM Cr exhibited higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, resulting in photosynthetic damage. The individual application of 50 µM NO increased carbohydrate metabolism as well as photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant system with higher transcriptional gene levels that encode the key enzymes for the Calvin cycle under Cr stress. These effects were more prominent when NO was applied with 1.0 mM SO42−. An increase in the reduced glutathione (GSH) content obtained with NO was further enhanced by S and resulted in higher protection against Cr stress. The protective effect of NO with S against Cr toxicity on photosynthesis was reversed when buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; GSH biosynthetic inhibitor) was used. Application of BSO reversed the impact of NO plus S on photosynthesis under Cr stress, verifying that the ameliorating effect of NO was through S-assimilation and via GSH production. Thus, the availability of S to NO application can help reduce Cr toxicity and protect photosynthetic activity and expression of the Calvin cycle enzymes in leaves through the GSH involvement. © 2023, The Author(s).

Objective: To develop a cryptoglandular Anal Fistula Core Outcome Set: a minimum set of outcomes that should be measured in all studies of cryptoglandular anal fistula treatment. Background: Variability in the outcomes that are reported in studies of cryptoglandular anal fistula treatment hampers systematic evidence synthesis to identify the best treatment. Methods: This study followed guidance from the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials initiative and consisted of three stages: (1) generation of candidate outcomes through systematic review of the literature and qualitative patient interviews; (2) prioritization of outcomes by key stakeholders, including patients, surgeons, gastroenterologists, and radiologists in an online Delphi consensus process; and (3) determination of the final Core Outcome Set (COS) in a consensus meeting attended by patients and clinicians. Results: Sixty-four outcomes were presented in the first Delphi survey round. A total of 191 participants from over 30 countries ranked these outcomes according to their importance in defining treatment success (57.6% surgeons and gastroenterologists, 8.9% radiologists, and 33.5% patients). After two rounds, 53 outcomes were identified as important and discussed in the consensus meeting attended by 10 patients and 12 clinicians. A final 10 outcomes were voted into the COS: clinical fistula healing, radiological healing, recurrence, development of additional fistulas, fistula symptoms, incontinence, psychological impact of treatment, complications and reinterventions, patient satisfaction, and quality of life. Conclusion: The final COS represents an international, multidisciplinary, patient-centered attempt to establish consistency in fistula research, with a substantial focus on patient priorities for treatment.