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The immune system, one of the most important homeostatic organism systems, is actively involved in the protection against malignant tumors. The earliest sighs of immune homeostasis disorders should be invetigated at the cellular level, because of cell functional manifestations depend on the state of intracellular metabolic reactions. The study of lymphocyte NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases activity and peripheral blood neutrophils oxygen-dependent metabolism in patients with renal cellular carcinoma (RCC) showed a decrease in the intensity of ribose-5-phosphate and NADH-dependent synthetic processes, inhibition of terminal reactions of glycolysis. Altered activities of the studied enzymes favor an increase in outflow of intermediates of the Krebs cycle on the reaction of amino acid metabolism in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Radical nephrectomy was accompanied by increased activity of glycolysis. The basal level chemiluminescent of peripheral neutrophils of RCC patients response was higher both before and after operations. Stimulation of neutrophils by opsonized zymosan in vitro leads to increase in oxidative metabolism activity, most in 14 days after surgery period. Before and 30 days after surgery, adaptive metabolic capabilities of neutrophilic granulocytes decreased.