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Hydraulic experiments using a wave flume with a wind tunnel at a scale of 1/40 were carried out to investigate the effect of wind on wave overtopping of a vertical seawall. To ascertain the possible effects of wave breaking, incident waves with various wave steepness (0.0102 to 0.0371) and three kinds of wind forcing (0 m/s, 6.84 m/s, 10.04 m/s) were used. The authors found that winds significantly increased the overtopping rate in general, and that there is a clear relationship between the overtopping rate and the wave steepness. Velocity fields obtained from PIV analysis revealed that the onshore winds directly enhanced the transport of overtopping water mass. The influence of the wind on the wave hydrodynamic processes that indirectly have an effect on the overtopping rate (such as the formation of a partially standing wave, breaker location, and breaker type) is also discussed. The perspective of treating wave overtopping as a transport of water mass could provide a novel understanding of complex fluid behavior, which would help to formulate countermeasures against future disasters influenced by intensive wind forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the relationship between diabetes treatment status and occupational accidents. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire survey completed in March 2022 among workers aged 20 years or older. The questionnaire included questions about diabetes treatment status and occupational accidents. The association between the treatment status of diabetes and occupational accidents was examined using a logistic regression analysis. Results: The study included 25,756 participants with no diabetes, 1,364 participants receiving diabetes treatment, 177 participants who had interrupted diabetes treatment, and 396 participants who needed diabetes treatment but had not seen a doctor. Compared with those with diabetes treatment, the odds ratio of occupational accidents among participants without diabetes was 0.40 (95% CI: 0.32–0.49), the odds ratio among participants with interrupted diabetes treatment was 4.15 (95% CI: 2.86–6.01), and the odds ratio among participants who needed diabetes treatment but had not seen a doctor was 1.25 (95% CI: 0.89–1.77). Conclusions: This study showed that diabetes treatment status was related to occupational accidents, and it may be important for workers with diabetes to be supported to balance their diabetes management and their work commitments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine, by sex, whether precarious workers in Japan receive less support in the workplace than permanent workers. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional study using an online questionnaire in 2022. We stratified participants by sex and performed modified Poisson regression analysis. The outcomes were support from supervisors, co‐workers, occupational health professionals, and no one. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were calculated for contract workers, part‐time workers, and dispatched workers, using permanent workers as reference. Results: This study had 21 047 participants. For men, 87.9% were permanent workers; for women, 50.7% were permanent workers and 37.3% were part‐time workers. For workplace support, 47.5% of men and 45.2% of women selected superiors; 41.8% of men and 50.5% of women selected colleagues; 16.8% of men and 6.2% of women selected occupational health professionals. Female contract workers were less likely to receive support from their supervisors (aPR 0.88) or co‐workers (aPR 0.89). Male part‐time workers were less likely to be supported by their co‐workers (aPR 0.86). Dispatched workers were less likely to be supported by their supervisors (men aPR 0.71, women aPR 0.84) and co‐workers (men aPR 0.73, women aPR 0.77). Part‐time and dispatched workers were less likely to receive support from occupational health professionals. Conclusions: Precarious workers could get less workplace support than permanent workers. This may contribute to occupational health problems with precarious workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A higher body mass index (BMI) has been associated with better survival among chronic kidney disease patients in some reports. However, more research is required to determine the associations between BMI and mortality in incident hemodialysis patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between mortality and BMI measured at the first hemodialysis session and 2 weeks after hemodialysis initiation in Japanese patients with incident hemodialysis. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 266 adult patients with incident hemodialysis who were treated at our hospital between May 2013 and June 2019. The data on BMI was obtained at the first hemodialysis session and 2 weeks after hemodialysis initiation. Patients were divided into tertiles based on BMI [<18.5 (low), 18.5–23.9 (normal), and ≥24 (high) kg/m2]. The normal group was used as the reference group. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Results: The mean age of patient was 68.9 ± 12.0 years, and the BMI was 23.3 ± 4.24 kg/m2 at the first hemodialysis session. The body mass index was 22.0 ± 3.80 kg/m2 at 2 weeks after hemodialysis initiation. During a mean follow-up of 3.89 ± 2.12 years, 80 (30.1%) deaths occurred. In multivariate analyses, low BMI at the first hemodialysis session was significantly associated with worse all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–5.03). At 2 weeks after hemodialysis initiation, high BMI was significantly associated with better all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.81). Conclusion: At 2 weeks after HD initiation, high BMI was associated with lower mortality in Japanese patients with incident hemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]