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JSNS 2 (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment that searches for sterile neutrinos via the observation of ν ¯ μ → ν ¯ e appearance oscillations using muon decay-at-rest neutrinos. The JSNS 2 experiment performed data taking from 2021. In this manuscript, a study of the accidental background is presented. The rate of the accidental background is ( 9.29 ± 0.39) × 10 - 8 /spill with 0.75 MW beam power and comparable to the expected number of signal events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donor types include matched sibling donor ( I N i = 54), matched unrelated donor ( I N i = 35), Haplo-identical donors ( I N i = 23) and Cord blood ( I N i = 9). B Methods: b We evaluated 121 lymphoma patients (both non-Hodgkin (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)) from two major transplant centres in Singapore who had AlloHSCT over a 20-year period (2003-2022). B Background: b Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AlloHSCT) is a curative option for those who have high risk relapsed/refractory lymphoma in the era of novel and cellular therapies including CAR-T cell. [Extracted from the article]

We uncovered latent profiles of intergenerational and digital solidarity between middle-aged parents and their oldest young adult children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we investigated whether solidarity latent profiles were related to middle-aged parents' psychological well-being. We used data from the 2022 survey of the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG), which involved 234 middle-aged parents providing information about their oldest young adult children. Using latent profile analysis, we uncovered five solidarity profiles (Tight-knit traditional, distant-but-digitally connected, obligatory, sociable, and conflictual) in relationships between middle-aged parents and their oldest young adult children during the pandemic. Furthermore, we found that middle-aged parents belonging to the distant-but-digitally connected and tight-knit traditional profiles had enhanced psychological well-being than those in the conflictual profile during the pandemic. These findings indicate that middle-aged parents' use of digital communication with young adult children benefited their psychological well-being during the pandemic. Moreover, using digital communication may be related to strong solidarity between middle-aged parents and young adult children when they live independently., (© 2024 International Union of Psychological Science.)

Background: Although the presence of both obesity and reduced muscle mass presents a dual metabolic burden and additively has a negative effect on a variety of cardiometabolic parameters, data regarding the associations between their combined effects and left ventricular diastolic function are limited. This study investigated the association between the ratio of skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area (SVR) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in patients with preserved ejection fraction using random forest machine learning., Methods: In total, 1,070 participants with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction who underwent comprehensive health examinations, including transthoracic echocardiography and bioimpedance body composition analysis, were enrolled. SVR was calculated as an index of sarcopenic obesity by dividing the appendicular skeletal muscle mass by the visceral fat area., Results: In the random forest model, age and SVR were the most powerful predictors of LVDD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that older age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.15) and lower SVR (adjusted OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.57) were independent risk factors for LVDD. SVR showed a significant improvement in predictive performance and fair predictability for LVDD, with the highest area under the curve noted in both men and women, with statistical significance. In non-obese and metabolically healthy individuals, the lowest SVR tertile was associated with a greater risk of LVDD compared to the highest SVR tertile., Conclusion: Decreased muscle mass and increased visceral fat were significantly associated with LVDD compared to obesity, body fat composition, and body muscle composition indices.

αβT cells protect vertebrates against many diseases, optimizing surveillance using mechanical force to distinguish between pathophysiologic cellular alterations and normal self-constituents. The multi-subunit αβT-cell receptor (TCR) operates outside of thermal equilibrium, harvesting energy via physical forces generated by T-cell motility and actin-myosin machinery. When a peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex molecule (pMHC) on an antigen presenting cell is ligated, the αβTCR on the T cell leverages force to form a catch bond, prolonging bond lifetime, and enhancing antigen discrimination. Under load, the αβTCR undergoes reversible structural transitions involving partial unfolding of its clonotypic immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains and coupled rearrangements of associated CD3 subunits and structural elements. We postulate that transitions provide critical energy to initiate the signaling cascade via induction of αβTCR quaternary structural rearrangements, associated membrane perturbations, exposure of CD3 ITAMs to phosphorylation by non-receptor tyrosine kinases, and phase separation of signaling molecules. Understanding force-mediated signaling by the αβTCR clarifies long-standing questions regarding αβTCR antigen recognition, specificity and affinity, providing a basis for continued investigation. Future directions include examining atomistic mechanisms of αβTCR signal initiation, performance quality, tissue compliance adaptability, and T-cell memory fate. The mechanotransduction paradigm will foster improved rational design of T-cell based vaccines, CAR-Ts, and adoptive therapies., (© 2024 The Author(s). Immunological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Kinesin-5 motor proteins are essential for mitotic spindle formation and maintenance, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. Human kinesin-5 is highly expressed in various cancer cells but not in nonproliferative tissues; therefore, it is expected to be an attractive target for cancer chemotherapy, with fewer adverse side effects. Many inhibitors have been developed and subjected to clinical trials; however, they have not yet been commercially distributed because of their poor efficacy and frequent drug resistance. Establishing in vivo assay systems to easily monitor inhibitory activity is necessary and valuable to develop more effective inhibitors. Here, we report a procedure to evaluate the inhibitory activity against human kinesin-5 using a fission yeast-based system called "in schizo". Our approach could further be used to screen for inhibitors against kinesin-5 and other human cancer-related targets., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

With the emergence of electromechanical devices, considerable efforts have been devoted to improving the piezoelectricity of 2D materials. Herein, an anion-doping approach is proposed as an effective way to enhance the piezoelectricity of α-In 2 Se 3 nanosheets, which has a rare asymmetric structure in both the in-plane and out-of-plane directions. As the O 2 plasma treatment gradually substitutes selenium with oxygen, it changes the crystal structure, creating a larger lattice distortion and, thus, an extended dipole moment. Prior to the O 2 treatment, the lattice extension is deliberately maximized in the lateral direction by imposing in situ tensile strain during the exfoliation process for preparing the nanosheets. Combining doping and strain engineering substantially enhances the piezoelectric coefficient and electromechanical energy conversion. As a result, the optimal harvester with a 0.9% in situ strain and 10 min plasma exposure achieves the highest piezoelectric energy harvesting values of ≈13.5 nA and ≈420 µW cm -2 under bending operation, outperforming all previously reported 2D materials. Theoretical estimation of the structural changes and polarization with gradual oxygen substitution supports the observed dependence of the electromechanical performance., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The Rice Online expression profiles Array Database version 2 (ROADv2; https://roadv2.khu.ac.kr ), an enhanced database for rice gene expression analysis, transitions from the previous microarray platforms to RNA-Seq data for improved accuracy. It encompasses 328 datasets from diverse experimental series, including anatomy, abiotic and biotic stress, hormone response, and nutrient starvation. Key updates include gene annotation (upgraded to RGAP version 7) and functional enrichment data (utilizing recent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) versions). ROADv2 debuts protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and broadens interactive visualization across all features. Gene expression data are segmented into anatomy, biotic, abiotic, nutrient, and hormone categories, with user-interactive heatmaps displaying normalized log2 expression and log2 fold change data. Coexpression correlation analysis identifies genes with similar patterns, visualized through interactive network graphs. Functional enrichment tools display GO and KEGG analyses with significant terms emphasized in various formats. PPI network analysis integrates coexpression data to enhance prediction accuracy. Validation studies affirm the database's reliability, demonstrating reproducible tissue/organ-specific expression patterns. ROADv2 provides a comprehensive resource for rice functional genomics studies., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Cancer recurrence and metastasis remain critical challenges following surgical resection, influenced by complex perioperative mechanisms. This review explores how surgical stress triggers systemic changes, such as neuroendocrine responses, immune suppression, and inflammation, which promote the dissemination of residual cancer cells and circulating tumor cells. Key mechanisms, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis, further enhance metastasis, while hypoxia-inducible factors and inflammatory responses create a microenvironment conducive to tumor progression. Anesthetic agents and techniques modulate these mechanisms in distinct ways. Inhaled anesthetics, such as sevoflurane, may suppress immune function by increasing catecholamines and cytokines, thereby promoting cancer progression. In contrast, propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia mitigates stress responses and preserves natural killer cell activity, supporting immune function. Opioids suppress immune surveillance and promote angiogenesis through the activation of the mu-opioid receptor. Opioid-sparing strategies using NSAIDs show potential in preserving immune function and reducing recurrence risk. Regional anesthesia offers benefits by reducing systemic stress and immune suppression, though the clinical outcomes remain inconsistent. Additionally, dexmedetomidine and ketamine exhibit dual effects, both enhancing and inhibiting tumor progression depending on the dosage and context. This review emphasizes the importance of individualized anesthetic strategies to optimize long-term cancer outcomes. While retrospective studies suggest potential benefits of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia and regional anesthesia, further large-scale trials are essential to establish the definitive role of anesthetic management in cancer recurrence and survival.

A prediction model to assess the risk of hospital readmission can be valuable to identify patients who may benefit from extra care. Developing hospital-specific readmission risk prediction models using local data is not feasible for many institutions. Models developed on data from one hospital may not generalize well to another hospital. There is a lack of an end-to-end adaptable readmission model that can generalize to unseen test domains. We propose an early readmission risk domain generalization network, ERR-DGN, for cross-domain knowledge transfer. ERR-DGN internalizes the shared patterns and characteristics that are consistent across source domains, enabling it to adapt to a new domain. It transforms source datasets to a common embedding space while capturing relevant temporal long-term dependencies of sequential data. Domain generalization is then applied on domain-specific fully connected linear layers. The model is optimized by a loss function that integrates distribution discrepancy loss to match the mean embeddings of multiple source distributions with the task-specific loss. A model was developed using electronic health record (EHR) data of 201,688 patients with diabetes across urban, suburban, rural, and mixed hospital systems to enhance 30-day readmission predictions among patients with diabetes on 67,066 unseen patients at a rural hospital. We also explored how model performance varied by the number of sites and over time. The proposed method outperformed the baseline models, yielding a 6 % increase in F1-score (0.79 ± 0.006 vs. 0.73 ± 0.007). Model performance peaked with the inclusion of three sites. Performance of the model was relatively stable for 3 years then declined at 4 years. ERR-DGN may be a proficient tool for learning data from multiple sites and subsequently applying a hospitalization readmission prediction model to a new site. Including a relatively small number of varied sites may be sufficient to achieve peak performance. Periodic retraining at least every 3 years may mitigate model degradation over time., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We hereby confirm that this work has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The study protocol was approved by the Johns Hopkins Medicine (JHM) and PennState Health Institutional Review Boards (IRB). The other three participating institutions ceded oversight to the JHM single IRB. The publication has been approved by all authors and the responsible authorities. If accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, or any other form in any other language. This paper is a substantial extension of our previously published paper at Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 2023 [1]., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Opioid-sparing anesthesia (OSA) using dexmedetomidine has gained attention as an alternative to opioid-based anesthesia (OBA) due to its potential to reduce opioid consumption and the associated side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine-based OSA on postoperative pain intensity, opioid consumption, and recovery outcomes in patients undergoing a minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum. Methods: Eighty-four patients undergoing a minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum were randomized to either the OSA group, receiving dexmedetomidine, or the OBA group, receiving remifentanil. The primary outcome was the total amount of analgesics administered within 24 h postoperatively. The secondary outcomes included pain intensity and analgesic consumption over 48 h, recovery outcomes, intraoperative hemodynamics, and opioid-related complications. Results: The OFA group reported a significantly reduced total morphine-equivalent dose within 24 h (55.4 ± 31.1 mg vs. 80.2 ± 26.7 mg, p < 0.001) and lower VAS scores at 24 h (3.9 ± 1.5 vs. 5.4 ± 2.1, p < 0.001). Pain intensity was lower, and analgesic consumption was reduced in the OSA group 1-6, 6-24, and 24-48 h after surgery. Recovery times and intraoperative hemodynamics were comparable between the groups, with no significant differences in opioid-related complications. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine-based OSA effectively reduces postoperative pain and opioid use without compromising recovery or hemodynamic stability. These findings support its use as a viable alternative to OBA, particularly in the minimally invasive repair of the pectus excavatum.

The transcription repressor Bach2 plays a crucial role in shaping humoral immunity, but its cell-autonomous function remains elusive. Here, we reveal the mechanism by which Bach2 regulates effector cell maturation in peripheral B cells. In response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, Bach2 deficiency promotes the differentiation of follicular, but not marginal zone, B cells into effector cells, producing interleukin (IL)-6 and antibodies. This phenomenon is associated with changes in lipid metabolism, such as increases in CD36 expression, lipid influx, and fatty acid oxidation. Consistent with this, Bach2-deficient B cells exhibit elevated levels of mitochondrial oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and p38 activation. Mechanistically, Bach2 acts as a repressor of Cd36, and inhibition of CD36 or fatty acid oxidation reduces the differentiation of naive B cells into IL-6- and antibody-secreting cells. These results indicate Bach2 as a key metabolic checkpoint regulator crucial for maintaining a functionally quiescent state of follicular B cells., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction Despite efforts, tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in developing countries, and India alone accounts for most of the global TB cases. Although the treatment for TB is highly successful, a significant number of TB patients in India do not complete their assigned treatment. Social support has a key influence on medication adherence for chronic illnesses like diabetes, asthma, HIV, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and TB. However, limited research in India focuses on patients' perceived social support and its association with medication dose interruption among pulmonary TB patients. This study aims to fill this gap and examine the association between perceived social support and medication dose interruption among pulmonary TB patients in Western India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at three directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) centers in Bhiwandi City, Maharashtra state, in Western India. A total of 477 participants were recruited, and data on participants' medication dose interruptions in the last month, their clinical characteristics, and their perceived social support were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results Perceived social support presented a significant association with TB medication dose interruption. Participants who reported low social support were significantly 2.6 times more likely to miss their doses in the last month (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.556-4.403), P < 0.001). Participants who reported low family support were significantly 4.1 times more likely to miss their doses when compared with the participants who reported high family support (aOR = 4.1 (95% CI: 2.482-7.070), P < 0.001). Among the participants who missed their doses one to five times in the last month, those who reported low social support were significantly 2.5 times more likely to miss their doses, when compared with the participants who reported high social support (aOR = 2.5 (95% CI: 1.318-4.810), P = 0.005). Likewise, among the group of participants who missed their doses six or more times in the last month, those who reported low social support were significantly 3.1 times more likely to miss their doses, when compared with the participants who reported high social support (aOR = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.452-6.744), P = 0.004). Conclusion The study results underscore the importance of integrating patient-centered strategies into healthcare systems, ensuring that they not only offer social protection but also recognize social support as a critical component of TB treatment. This study could potentially inform various healthcare policymakers in formulating such patient-centric and focused intervention strategies by involving social networks and family dynamics., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Review Board of the Pennsylvania State College of Medicine issued approval STUDY00010507. Written permission was also obtained from the city TB officer of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) of India at Bhiwandi City. All patients provided written informed consent prior to the data collection. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Ahuja et al.)

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although surgical treatment is a primary approach, residual cancer cells and surgery-induced pathophysiological changes may promote cancer recurrence and metastasis. Anesthetic agents and techniques have recently been shown to potentially impact these processes by modulating surgical stress responses, immune function, inflammatory pathways, and the tumor microenvironment. Anesthetics can influence immune-modulating cytokines, induce pro-inflammatory factors such as HIF-1α, and alter natural-killer cell activity, affecting cancer cell survival and spread. Preclinical studies suggest volatile anesthetics may promote tumor progression by triggering pro-inflammatory signaling, while propofol shows potential antitumor properties through immune-preserving effects and reductions in IL-6 and other inflammatory markers. Additionally, opioids are known to suppress immune responses and stimulate pathways that may support cancer cell proliferation, whereas regional anesthesia may reduce these risks by decreasing the need for systemic opioids and volatile agents. Despite these findings, clinical data remain inconclusive, with studies showing mixed outcomes across patient populations. Current clinical trials, including comparisons of volatile agents with propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia, aim to provide clarity but highlight the need for further investigation. Large-scale, well-designed studies are essential to validate the true impact of anesthetic choice on cancer recurrence and to optimize perioperative strategies that support long-term oncologic outcomes for lung cancer patients.