10 results on '"Hughes, Patricia"'
Search Results
2. Fear of Crime, Perceived Risk, and Confidence About Dangerous Situations Among University Women in the United States and Poland.
- Author
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Lickiewicz, Jakub, Hughes, Patricia Paulsen, and Makara-Studzińska, Marta
- Subjects
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CRIME victims , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *SEXUAL assault - Abstract
The purpose of the study was to compare United States and Polish university women in regard to demographics, victimization experiences, sensation seeking, fear of dangerous situations, perceived likelihood of victimization, and confidence about managing dangerous situations. A total of 520 women completed the online instruments, which consisted of Perceptions of Dangerous Situations Scale (PDSS), Brief Sensation-Seeking Scale (BSSS), and a demographic questionnaire. Overall, in regard to Fear, Likelihood, and Confidence about dangerous situations, Polish women scored significantly higher in Fear and Likelihood than U. S. women. Differences in Confidence between the two groups were not statistically significant. The two groups differed in the frequency of victimizations in terms of violent crimes, rape, and abusive relationships. The groups also differed in Likelihood scores depending on prior victimization. U. S. women made less of a distinction than Polish women between their emotional (Fear) and their cognitive (Likelihood) appraisals of dangerous situations. Neither group of women scored higher in Fear if they had been previously victimized. The researchers found differences between Polish and U.S. university women in Fear and Likelihood scores, some of which may be related to cultural differences. Sensation seeking did not differ between the two groups. Regardless of country membership, women did not acknowledge rape by a known person to be as likely as rape by a stranger, nor did they acknowledge the greater likelihood of being beaten up by a known person than by a stranger. It is clear that more education is still needed. Plain language summary: Fear of Crime, Perception of Risk, and Confidence About Dangerous Situations Among Women in the United States and Poland Security is a basic human need, connected with stability, freedom from fear, anxiety and chaos, and a feeling that there is no threat or risk of losing essential goods. A sense of security depends on numerous objective factors: scope of real danger, gender, age, and place of residence, but also on subjective perceptions– resources, social support, and individual personality features. Thus, it follows that a sense of safety and a sense of danger result from a way of thinking, as well as the temperament and personality of a particular individual. The purpose of our study was to compare United States and Polish university women regarding demographics, victimization experiences, sensation seeking, fear of dangerous situations, perceived likelihood of victimization, and confidence about managing hazardous situations. A total of 520 women from Poland and the United States completed the online instruments: the Perceptions of Dangerous Situations Scale (PDSS), a Brief Sensation-Seeking Scale (BSSS), and a demographic questionnaire. In our study, we found differences between the groups. Polish women scored significantly higher in Fear and Likelihood than U. S. women. Differences in Confidence between the two groups were not statistically significant. The two groups differed in the frequency of victimizations in terms of violent crimes, rape, and abusive relationships. Our results show that cultural diversity might affect the perception of dangerous situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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3. Determinants of Health Care Expenditure in the United States
- Author
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Hughes, Patricia and Göktuğ Kaya, Mustafa
- Subjects
Health care expenditure ,health insurance ,Auto Regressive Distributed Lag ,izdaci za zdravstvenu zaštitu, zdravstveno osiguranje, autoregresijski model s distribuiranim pomacima (ARDL) ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance - Abstract
The rapid increase in health expenditure has become a major concern for both households and governments in the United States. This paper investigates the long-run dynamics of health care expenditure in the United States over the period 1991-2014 using the National Health Expenditure Data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. We use an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique to estimate the long-run dynamics and short-run adjustment of health care expenditure to changes in government insurance enrollment, controlling for income, health, uninsured, and trend to account for technological changes. The results indicate that the instance and type of insurance affect per capita expenditure; in particular, increases in Medicaid enrollment lead to higher per capita expenditure levels relative to other insurance groups and uninsured, while increases in Medicare enrollment lead to lower per capita expenditure levels., Rapidni rast izdataka u zdravstvu postao je glavna briga i za kućanstvo i za vlade u SAD-u. Ovaj rad istražuje dugoročnu dinamiku izdataka za zdravstvenu skrb u SAD-u razdoblju od 1991. do 2014. koristeći podatke o nacionalnim zdravstvenim rashodima iz Centra za medicinsku zaštitu (Medicare) i usluge medicinske pomoći (Medicaid). Koristi se ARDL tehnika za procjenu dugoročne dinamike i kratkoročne prilagodbe izdataka za zdravstvenu njegu u sklopu vladinih promjena u upisima unutar državnog osiguranja zatim kroz kontrolu prihoda, zdravlja, neosiguranih osoba te kroz trendove kako bi se u obzir uzele i tehnološke promjene. Rezultati ukazuju da slučaj i vrsta osiguranja utječu na izdatke po glavi stanovnika: izričito se ističe povećanje upisa unutar centra Medicaid čiji rast upisanih dovodi do viših razina rashoda po glavi stanovnika u odnosu na neosigurane i drugih grupa osiguranih pojedinaca dok s druge strane povećanje upisa unutar Medicare centra dovodi do nižih razina izdataka po glavi stanovnika.
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- 2022
4. miR-495-3p Sensitizes BCR::ABL1 Expressing Leukemic cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by Targeting Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene including in T315I Mutated cells
- Author
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Rittavee, Yutthana, primary, Artus, Jérôme, additional, Desterke, Christophe, additional, Simanic, Isidora, additional, Eduardo Botelho de Souza, Lucas, additional, Riccaldi, Sandra, additional, Coignard, Sabrina, additional, Ijjeh, Yousef, additional, Hughes, Patricia, additional, Bennaceur-Griscelli, Annelise, additional, Turhan, Ali G., additional, and Foudi, Adlen, additional
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- 2022
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5. Determinants of Health Care Expenditure in the United States
- Author
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Göktuğ Kaya, Mustafa, primary and Hughes, Patricia, additional
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- 2022
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6. Influence of meteorological conditions on the use of coercive interventions
- Author
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Lickiewicz, Jakub, primary, Piotrowicz, Katarzyna, additional, Paulsen Hughes, Patricia, additional, Micek, Agnieszka, additional, and Makara-Studzińska, Marta, additional
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- 2022
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7. S728 Clinical Utility of Homogenous Mobility Shift Assay Method for Vedolizumab Bioactivity and Precision Dosing in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
- Author
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McFarland, Judson, primary, Law, Hong, additional, McLachlan, Owen, additional, Jain, Anjali, additional, Hughes, Patricia, additional, and Dervieux, Thierry, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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8. Perceptions of Fear, Likelihood of Victimization, and Confidence About Dangerous Situations Among University Women in Poland.
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Lickiewicz, Jakub, Hughes, Patricia Paulsen, Sałapa, Kinga, Tychmanowicz, Anna, and Makara-Studzińska, Marta
- Subjects
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SOCIAL problems , *COLLEGE students , *STATISTICS , *CONFIDENCE , *KIDNAPPING , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation , *RAPE , *RESEARCH methodology , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *FEAR , *VIOLENCE , *CRIME , *REGRESSION analysis , *GENDER , *SELF-efficacy , *SEX crimes , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *FACTOR analysis , *VICTIMS , *JUDGMENT sampling , *DATA analysis software , *DATA analysis - Abstract
Polish women have not been studied in regard to fear, likelihood, or confidence about dangerous situations, nor has there been an instrument to measure those perceptions. The purpose of the study was fourfold: first, to present the Polish translation and validation of the Perception of Dangerous Situations Scale (PDSS-P) and second, to assess Polish women's perceived fear, likelihood, and confidence about dangerous situations using the PDSS-P (41 items). The third purpose was to determine to what degree the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and/or the Hope for Success Scale (KNS) correlated with any of the three subscales of the PDSS-P. The fourth purpose was to determine the congruence of the PDSS-P to the original PDSS. Two other tools (GSES and KNS) were administered to determine concurrent validity with the PDSS. A sample of 208 women aged 19 to 27 years (M = 21.04, SD = 1.88) participated in the study. Five factors were determined for each subscale, similar to the original version of the PDSS. Women reported they were more afraid of being raped by a stranger than being murdered. Their estimation of the likelihood of some serious events occurring was not congruent with statistical realities. The women thought the least likely events to happen to them in the next year would be being raped or beaten by someone they know, or being held prisoner by someone who wanted to murder them. Confidence to manage dangerous situations was low in cases of being raped by strangers or known people, being kidnapped, or being attacked. The GSES and KNS provided useful information, in that they did not measure the same constructs as the PDSS-P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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9. Attitudes of psychiatric nurses towards aggression: A polish study.
- Author
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Lickiewicz, Jakub, Hughes, Patricia Paulsen, and Makara‐Studzinska, Marta
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PSYCHIATRIC nursing , *NURSES' attitudes , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation , *RESEARCH methodology , *MENTAL health , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *FACTOR analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *AGGRESSION (Psychology) , *DATA analysis software , *NURSING students , *MENTAL illness - Abstract
Accessible Summary: What is known about the subject? (Scientific Rationale): Mental health care in Poland lags behind that of many other countries, and coercive measures are used on a regular basis.Scant research has been conducted in Poland regarding the treatment of psychiatric patients.The perspectives of Polish psychiatric nurses towards aggression remain unknown. What does this paper add to the existing knowledge?: The translated and validated Attitude Towards Aggression Scale (ATAS) in Polish will serve as an instrument that gauges Polish nurses' attitudes towards aggression. The Polish nurses have unenlightened and negative attitude towards aggression. What are the implications for practice?: There is now an instrument in Polish by which we can gauge the attitudes of mental health nurses, which must precede any educational efforts. Polish nurses showed more restrictive and antiquated attitudes about patient violence than nurses in some other parts of the world. With a shift to more positive attitudes, the use of coercion could be reduced, resulting in improved patient care. Introduction: In Poland, the mode and site of patient treatment have changed little in the past 75 years, despite therapeutic advances worldwide. There is limited information regarding attitudes of nurses towards aggression in psychiatric settings in Poland, nor has there been an instrument in Polish to measure it. Aim: To translate and validate the Attitudes Towards Aggression Scale (ATAS) for use in Poland, and to assess the attitudes of three groups of nursing personnel towards aggression. Method: We surveyed 980 psychiatric and general nurses as well as nursing students. We translated the ATAS into Polish, and validated it using exploratory factor analysis. Results: The Polish version of the ATAS showed good psychometric properties. We found that Polish nurses perceived patient aggression extremely negatively. Discussion: Polish nurses perceive aggression as destructive, negative and not to be tolerated, leading to use of restraints. Among the three groups, psychiatric nurses showed the most negative attitude towards aggression. Thus, education is needed for preservice and inservice nurses alike to address this issue. What this study adds to existing evidence: We now have a validated instrument to assess nurses' attitudes about aggression. We also know that Polish nurses have exceedingly negative attitudes towards aggression. Implications for Practice: The Polish version of ATAS was found valid and reliable. Therefore, we can now measure the attitudes of Polish nurses towards aggression, which was not possible previously. The baseline data provide a starting point from which to determine effects of educational efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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10. Best Practices for Microbial Challenge In-Use Studies to Evaluate the Microbial Growth Potential of Parenteral Biological Products; Industry and Regulatory Considerations.
- Author
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Zamiri C, Leiske DL, Hughes P, Kirwan JP, Der E, Cox E, Warburton R, Goss M, Weiser S, Perez-Brown J, Gopalrathnam G, Liu J, Mehta SB, Shereefa S, Specht S, Aedo SJ, Goldbach P, Jia F, Kuehnle B, Page S, Voeten L, Yi L, and Zhu C
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- Humans, United States, Drug Industry standards, Drug Industry methods, Drug Industry legislation & jurisprudence, Drug Storage standards, Patient Safety, Biological Products standards, Biological Products administration & dosage, Drug Contamination prevention & control, United States Food and Drug Administration standards
- Abstract
Microbial challenge in-use studies are performed to evaluate the potential for microbial proliferation in preservative-free single-dose biological products after first puncture and potential accidental contamination during dose preparation (e.g., reconstitution or dilution) and storage. These studies, in addition to physicochemical in-use stability assessments, are used as part of product registration to define in-use hold times in Prescribing Information and in the pharmacy manual in the case of clinical products. There are no formal guidance documents describing regulator expectations on how to conduct microbial challenge in-use studies and interpret microbial data to assign in-use storage hold times. In lieu of guidance, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulators have authored publications and presentations describing regulator expectations. Insufficient or unavailable microbial challenge data can result in shortened in-use hold times, thus microbial challenge data enables flexibility for health care providers (HCPs) and patients while ensuring patient safety. A cross-industry/FDA in-use microbial working group was formed through the Innovation & Quality (IQ) Consortium to gain alignment among industry practice and regulator expectations. The working group assessed regulatory guidance, current industry practice via a blinded survey of IQ Consortium member companies, and scientific rationale to align on recommendations for experimental design, execution of microbial challenge in-use studies, and a decision tree for microbial data interpretation to assign in-use hold times. Besides the study execution and data interpretation, additional considerations are discussed including the use of platform data for clinical stage products, closed system transfer devices (CSTDs), transport of dose solutions, long infusion times, and the use of USP <797> by HCPs for preparing sterile drugs for administration. The recommendations provided in this article will help streamline biological product development, ensure consistency on assignment of in-use hold times in biological product labels across industry, and provide maximum allowable flexibility to HCPs and patients while ensuring patient safety., (© PDA, Inc. 2024.)
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- 2024
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