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Since the Wei and Jin dynasties, the focus of literary criticism gradually shifted to the author as collective creative writing was giving way to individual writing. At the same time, the reader was increasingly involved in literary activities, gaining the attention of critics. Literary criticism from the perspective of readers, which focuses on the reader's response and reading expectations, continually evolved, thereby reflecting the "reader consciousness" in the critic. Such approach in literary criticism became an alternative to that which centered on the author in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties. Important concepts in Qi and Liang literary criticism such as Shen Yue's "three modes of easiness," Xie Tiao's "good poetry circulating like pearls," and Xiao Yi's "stirrings of the emotion and spirit" were all constructed on the basis of reader consciousness. These ideas formed the mainstream of literary criticism and had a profound impact on the practice of poetry writing. Palace poets in the late Liang dynasty emphasized the aesthetic use of poetry by identifying themselves with the reader. This radically changed the traditional view of lyricism as a way to expressing author's ideals. The artistic features of Qi-Liang poetry and the reform of Qi-Liang poetry through restorations of the classical works in the Tang dynasty could be interpreted anew from the perspective of reader consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is one of the most common craniofacial anomalies, causing significant functional and psychological burden to the patients. This study aimed to identify the genetic cause of VWS in a Chinese family. Methods: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to screen for pathogenic mutations. Various Bioinformatics tools were used to assess the pathogenicity of the variants. Cosegregation analysis of the candidate variant was carried out. Interpretation of variants was performed according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Results: A novel frameshift duplication c.373_374dupAA (p.Asn125Lys fs*43) was identified in exon 4 of the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene in all 3 affected members, which were not found in unaffected family members. The novel mutation leads to a frameshift and a premature stop codon which caused putative truncated protein. Protein alignment indicated high evolutionary conservation of the p.N125 residue, and this mutation was predicted by online tools to be damaging and deleterious. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the novel mutation c.373_374dupAA (p.Asn125Lysfs*43) in the IRF6 gene corresponds to the VWS in this family. The discovery of this pathogenic variant enriches the genotypic spectrum of IRF6 gene and contributes to genetic diagnosis and counseling of families with VWS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly active and durable Pt-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are very important and necessary for the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, we report the preparation and performance study of ORR catalysts composed of core-shell Pt–Co alloy nanoparticles (NPs) on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) anchored with ZrO 2 NPs (denoted as Pt–Co–ZrO 2 /MWCNTs). Thanks to the unique three-phase structure, the mass activity of Pt–Co–ZrO 2 /MWCNTs for ORR at 0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) is1577 mA mg Pt −1, which is ∼6.6-fold higher than that of the commercial Pt/C (238 mA mg Pt −1). After 50,000 cycles for durability test, the mass activity of Pt–Co–ZrO 2 /MWCNTs for ORR remained 88% of its initial value. In stark contrast, that of Pt/C kept only about 56.3% of its initial value. More importantly, its catalytic performance was fully observed/verified in a H 2 -air PEMFC single cell test. When the Pt loading of Pt–Co–ZrO 2 /MWCNTs loaded cathode was one fourth of that with commercial Pt/C as the cathode catalyst, comparable cell performance was achieved. More impressively, the MEA with Pt–Co–ZrO 2 /MWCNTs underwent only 24.5% degradation in maximum power density after 30,000 accelerated durability tests (ADTs). However, the MEA with Pt/C after 30,000 ADTs exhibited 39.6% performance loss in maximum power density. The enhanced mass activity and catalytic durability of Pt–Co–ZrO 2 /MWCNTs could be attributed to the core-shell Pt–Co alloy NPs with Pt-rich surface and the interface effect between Pt–Co alloy NPs and oxygen vacancy-rich ZrO 2 NPs. In addition, this research also provided a solution to the durability issue of cathodes without sacrificing ORR mass activity, which would promote practical application of PEMFCs. Core-shell Pt–Co alloy nanoparticles (NPs) on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), nailed with oxygen vacancy-rich ZrO 2 NPs (denoted as Pt–Co–ZrO 2 /MWCNTs), were synthesized through direct pyrolysis of mixed Pt–Co–Zr salts and acid-treatment. The Pt–Co–ZrO 2 /MWCNTs demonstrated superior ORR mass activity and catalytic durability in half-cell testing and single-cell testings. [Display omitted] • The core-shell Pt–Co alloy was anchored by oxygen vacancy-rich ZrO 2. • The Pt–Co–ZrO 2 /MWCNTs exhibits superior ORR activity and durability. • The cell performance of Pt–Co–ZrO 2 /MWCNTs with lower Pt loading is acceptable. • The cell durability of Pt–Co–ZrO 2 /MWCNTs greatly surpassed that of Pt/C. • The cell durability of Pt–Co–ZrO 2 /MWCNTs far surpassed US DOE 2020 target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wenshen Xiaozheng Tang (WXT), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction, is effective for treating endometriosis. However, the effect of WXT on endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) which play a key role in the fibrogenesis of endometriosis requires further elucidation. The aim of this study was to clarify the potential mechanism of WXT in improving fibrosis in endometriosis by investigating the regulation of WXT on differentiation and paracrine of eMSCs. The nude mice with endometriosis were randomly divided into model group, WXT group and mifepristone group. After 21 days of treatment, the lesion volume was calculated. Fibrosis in the lesions was evaluated by Masson staining and expression of fibrotic proteins. The differentiation of eMSCs in vivo was explored using a fate-tracking experiment. To further clarify the regulation of WXT on eMSCs, primary eMSCs from the ectopic lesions of endometriosis patients were isolated and characterized. The effect of WXT on the proliferation and differentiation of ectopic eMSCs was examined. To evaluate the role of WXT on the paracrine activity of ectopic eMSCs, the conditioned medium (CM) from ectopic eMSCs pretreated with WXT was collected and applied to treat ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), after which the expression of fibrotic proteins in ectopic ESCs was assessed. In addition, transcriptome sequencing was used to investigate the regulatory mechanism of WXT on ectopic eMSCs, and western blot and ELISA were employed to determine the key mediator. WXT impeded the growth of ectopic lesions in nude mice with endometriosis and reduced collagen deposition and the expression of fibrotic proteins fibronectin, collagen I, α-SMA and CTGF in the endometriotic lesions. The fate-tracking experiment showed that WXT prevented human eMSCs from differentiating into myofibroblasts in the nude mice. We successfully isolated eMSCs from the lesions of patients with endometriosis and demonstrated that WXT suppressed proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation of ectopic eMSCs. Moreover, the expression of α-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin and CTGF in ectopic ESCs was significantly down-regulated by the CM of ectopic MSCs pretreated with WXT. Combining the results of RNA sequencing, western blot and ELISA, we found that WXT not only reduced thrombospondin 4 expression in ectopic eMSCs, but also decreased thrombospondin 4 secretion from ectopic eMSCs. Thrombospondin 4 concentration-dependently upregulated the expression of collagen I, fibronectin, α-SMA and CTGF in ectopic ESCs, indicating that thrombospondin 4 was a key mediator of WXT in inhibiting the fibrotic process in endometriosis. WXT improved fibrosis in endometriosis by regulating differentiation and paracrine signaling of eMSCs. Thrombospondin 4, whose release from ectopic eMSCs is inhibited by WXT, may be a potential target for the treatment of endometriosis. [Display omitted] • WXT, a traditional Chinese medicine decoction, is effective for improving fibrosis in endometriosis. • WXT improves fibrosis in endometriosis by regulating differentiation and paracrine of ectopic eMSCs. • WXT reduced the expression and secretion of thrombospondin 4 by ectopic eMSCs. • Thrombospondin 4 promotes the expression of fibrotic proteins in ectopic ESCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the gas diffusion mechanism in coal particles under the coupled effects of gas pressure and temperature, a low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption experiment was first conducted to obtain the pore structure characteristics and pore size distribution patterns of the coal samples. Subsequently, a methane diffusion experiment was performed on coal particles with simultaneous increases in gas pressure and temperature using a unipore model to solve the diffusion coefficient. Finally, models for the diffusion coefficient of free-state methane and adsorbed-state methane were established, with their applicability discussed. The results indicate that the pore structure of the coal samples exhibits an approximately unimodal distribution, predominantly consisting of mesopores. As the gas pressure and temperature increase, the tortuosity of the coal sample pores also increases. Both the desorption volume and desorption rate of gas rise with the simultaneous increase in gas pressure and temperature, and overall, the diffusion coefficient of coal particles tends to increase under these conditions. Methane diffusion in coal particles is primarily governed by the surface diffusion of adsorbed methane, with gas pressure exerting a greater influence on surface diffusion than temperature. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the gas diffusion mechanism in coal and are of significant importance for improving gas extraction rates and preventing gas-related disasters., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Aims: Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is one of the most common craniofacial anomalies, causing significant functional and psychological burden to the patients. This study aimed to identify the genetic cause of VWS in a Chinese family., Methods: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to screen for pathogenic mutations. Various Bioinformatics tools were used to assess the pathogenicity of the variants. Cosegregation analysis of the candidate variant was carried out. Interpretation of variants was performed according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines., Results: A novel frameshift duplication c.373_374dupAA (p.Asn125Lys fs*43) was identified in exon 4 of the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene in all 3 affected members, which were not found in unaffected family members. The novel mutation leads to a frameshift and a premature stop codon which caused putative truncated protein. Protein alignment indicated high evolutionary conservation of the p.N125 residue, and this mutation was predicted by online tools to be damaging and deleterious., Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the novel mutation c.373_374dupAA (p.Asn125Lysfs*43) in the IRF6 gene corresponds to the VWS in this family. The discovery of this pathogenic variant enriches the genotypic spectrum of IRF6 gene and contributes to genetic diagnosis and counseling of families with VWS.