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Abstract The main challenge of ultrasound-guided minimally invasive surgeries is to carry out treatments through small boreholes in the patient's body surface with sub-millimetric accuracy and facility offered by ultrasound [...]

To understand the roles of Au(III) (hydro-)oxides in promoting plasmon-mediated photoelectrochemical (PMPEC) water-oxidation, we employed in situ microphotoelectrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to elucidate the correlations between the amount of surface Au(III) (hydro-)oxides and the photocurrent of PMPEC water-oxidation on Au. By applying preoxidation potentials, we made surface Au(III) (hydro-)oxides on a plasmonic Au photoanode. According to the charge of reductively stripping surface oxygenated species before and after PMPEC water-oxidation, we found that a negative shift of an onset potential, increase in photocurrent, and much less growth of surface (hydro-)oxides were correlated with each other as a result of the increase in the coverage of Au (III) (hydro-)oxides. These results suggest that the surface Au(III) (hydro-)oxides kinetically promoted water-oxidation by restricting the growth of surface (hydro-)oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black GaAs nanotip arrays (NTs) with 3300 nm lengths were fabricated via self-masked plasma etching. We show, both experimentally and numerically, that these NTs, with three gradient refractive index layers, effectively suppress Fresnel reflections at the air–GaAs interface over a broad range of wavelengths. These NTs exhibit exceptional UV-Vis light absorption (up to 99%) and maintain high NIR absorption (33–60%) compared to bare GaAs. Moreover, possessing a graded layer with a low refractive index (n = 1.01 to 1.12), they achieve angular and polarization-independent antireflection properties exceeding 80° at 632.8 nm, aligning with perfect antireflective coating theory predictions. This approach is anticipated to enhance the performance of optoelectronic devices across a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: In previous reports, hypothyroidism, hypopituitrism, and hypogonadism were common endocrine causes of SCFE, but this is the first time that congenital adrenal hyperplasia has been observed. As such, patients who have undergone long‐term endocrine treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia could potentially be subjected to a higher risk for SCFE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecules based on benzimidazolone‐dioxazine are known as blue/violet pigments and have been commercialized for decades. However, unfavorable solubility limits the application of these structures as building blocks of conjugated polymers despite their low band gaps. Herein, a series of donor–acceptor conjugated polymers containing soluble benzimidazolone‐dioxazine structures as the acceptors and oligothiophene as donors are synthesized and investigated. With increasing numbers of thiophene rings, the steric hindrance diminishes and high molecular weight polymers can be achieved, leading to an improved performance in organic field effect transistor devices. The hole mobility of polymers with three to six thiophene units is in the order of 10−1 cm2 V−1 s −1. Among all the polymers, polymer P3 with three thiophene units between benzimidazolone‐dioxazine structures shows the best hole mobility of 0.4 cm2 V−1 s −1. Grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering results reveal that the high mobility of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) can be accredited by matched donor–acceptor packing in the solid thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ascertaining the function of in-plane intrinsic defects and edge atoms is necessary for developing efficient low-dimensional photocatalysts. We report the wireless photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4 over reconstructed edge atoms of monolayer 2H-WSe2 artificial leaves. Our first-principles calculations demonstrate that reconstructed and imperfect edge configurations enable CO2 binding to form linear and bent molecules. Experimental results show that the solar-to-fuel quantum efficiency is a reciprocal function of the flake size. It also indicates that the consumed electron rate per edge atom is two orders of magnitude larger than the in-plane intrinsic defects. Further, nanoscale redox mapping at the monolayer WSe2–liquid interface confirms that the edge is the most preferred region for charge transfer. Our results pave the way for designing a new class of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides with reconstructed edges as a non-precious co-catalyst for wired or wireless hydrogen evolution or CO2 reduction reactions. Systematically study of in-plane intrinsic defects and edge atoms is important to guide the design of low-dimensional photocatalysts. Here the authors investigate photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4 over reconstructed edge atoms of monolayer semiconducting WSe2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Adipokine resistin is highly expressed in the serum and synovial uid (SF) of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) but its pathogenic role in KOA remains unclear. We aimed to explore the mechanism of resistin/CAP1 in human KOA chondrocytes., Methods: We enrolled 103 patients with radiographic KOA and 86 healthy participants as controls. Resistin levels in serum and SF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CAP1 expression was measured in cartilage tissues using immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot. Effects of resistin on chondrocytes and CAP1 were evaluated via qRT-PCR and co-immunoprecipitation. The roles of CAP1, p38-MAPK, and NF-κB signalling pathways in KOA development were evaluated using adenovirus-mediated CAP1 short hairpin RNA, qRT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA., Results: Resistin expression in serum and SF was elevated in severe radiographic KOA. CAP1 levels were higher in KOA cartilage and were positively correlated with resistin expression. Resistin promoted CCL3, CCL4, MMP13, and ADAMTS-4 expression through the CAP1 receptor. Resistin also directly bound to CAP1, as confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. CAP1 knockdown in chondrocytes attenuated resistin-induced expression of CCL3, CCL4, MMP13, and ADAMTS-4 and activated p38-MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways., Conclusions: Resistin binds CAP1 and upregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes via p38-MAPK and NF-κB signalling in human chondrocytes.