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A copper/polydimethylsiloxane (Cu/PDMS) microfluidic chip was designed to synthesize SERS substrates through a displacement reaction between silver and copper in microfluidic channels to form a microfluidic SERS nanoparticles (AgNPs)/Cu chip. This SERS substrate fabrication method doesn't require complex manufacturing processes or expensive equipment, and it can be achieved at room temperature in just 4 min. Meanwhile, the AgNPs grown on copper foil could offer ample hot spots, effectively boosting Raman signals of target molecules, and the enhancement factor (EF) was 5.12 × 107 for methylene blue, 4.08 × 107 for crystal violet, and 4.81 × 105 for sulfadiazine. The chip could be reused at least 9 times with consistent signal performance. Combined with the concentration gradient microchannel network design, we could establish the standard curve for samples through one injection on a single chip. A rapid SERS method for detecting sulfadiazine in aquatic products was developed. The linear range for sulfadiazine analysis was 75.0–1000 μg L−1 with a limit of detection of 28.4 μg L−1. Sulfadiazine was found in aquatic products (43.8 μg kg−1), with recovery rates ranging from 82.7% to 110%. The result was validated using high-performance liquid chromatography, showing a relative error of 9.3%. The entire detection procedure could be completed in just 20 min to detect sulfadiazine. These results demonstrate that the developed SERS method is fast, accurate, and reliable for analysis of sulfadiazine in aquatic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current fluorine wastewater treatment method mainly relies on neutralization, which has the drawback of high alkali consumption, solid waste generation, and re-dissolution of heavy metals. Similar problems exist in the vanadium (V) industry. This study aims to minimize fluorine wastewater generation, reducing CaF2 consumption by internally reusing raffinate at certain stages of the V extraction process. In the raffinate reuse leaching process, Al-F complex in the raffinate is decomposed and HF is produced under the action of sulfuric acid. This enhances the destruction of muscovite and improves the leaching efficiency of V. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the raffinate reuse leaching process, and when the CaF2 dosage was reduced from 3 wt.% to 1.8 wt.% and the H2SO4 concentration was as low as 14 vol%, the process maintained the optimal V recovery efficiency of more than 86%. This methodology can achieve a 100% reuse rate of the raffinate, and has great potential for its application in the vanadium leaching industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sanitary sewer overflows caused by excessive rainfall derived infiltration and inflow is the major challenge currently faced by municipal administrations, and therefore, the ability to correctly predict the wastewater state of the sanitary sewage system in advance is especially significant. In this paper, we present the design of the Sparse Autoencoder-based Bidirectional long short-term memory (SAE-BLSTM) network model, a model built on Sparse Autoencoder (SAE) and Bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) networks to predict the wastewater flow rate in a sanitary sewer system. This network model consists of a data preprocessing segment, the SAE network segment, and the BLSTM network segment. The SAE is capable of performing data dimensionality reduction on high-dimensional original input feature data from which it can extract sparse potential features from the aforementioned high-dimensional original input feature data. The potential features extracted by the SAE hidden layer are concatenated with the smooth historical wastewater flow rate features to create an augmented previous feature vector that more accurately predicts the wastewater flow rate. These augmented previous features are applied to the BLSTM network to predict the future wastewater flow rate. Thus, this network model combines two kinds of abilities, SAE's low-dimensional nonlinear representation for original input feature data and BLSTM's time series prediction for wastewater flow rate. Then, we conducted extensive experiments on the SAE-BLSTM network model utilizing the real-world hydrological time series datasets and employing advanced SVM, FCN, GRU, LSTM, and BLSTM models as comparison algorithms. The experimental results show that our proposed SAE-BLSTM model consistently outperforms the advanced comparison models. Specifically, we selected a 3 months period training dataset in our dataset to train and test the SAE-BLSTM network model. The SAE-BLSTM network model yielded the lowest RMSE, MAE, and highest R2, which are 242.55, 179.05, and 0.99626, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lead-free all-inorganic double perovskite Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 is regarded as an attractive alternative to lead-based organic-inorganic counterparts in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of the superb durability, nontoxicity and distinct optical properties. Nevertheless, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 -based cells are significantly limited by both inherent and external defects in Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 films caused by structural/optical features and fabrication processes, respectively. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a review to enhance fundamental knowledge regarding the decisive performance-limiting factors and relevant performance improvement strategies of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 -based PSCs. Herein, fundamental knowledge of the decisive performance-limiting factors and relevant origins of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 -based PSCs is presented, including inferior sunlight absorption capability, inferior film quality, high defect amount and unsuitable energy level alignment. On this basis, some distinct strategies to improve the PCEs of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 -based cells are proposed such as dye sensitization, band gap regulation, interface control, additive engineering and (anti-)solvent design. Finally, the remaining key problems and future research directions of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 -based PSCs are provided. Our review aims to present important guidance for future research on Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 -based PSCs to break the efficiency record. [Display omitted] • The superiorities of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 -based PSCs over Pb-based counterparts are illustrated. • The fundamental understanding of the decisive performance-limiting factors is presented. • Several distinct strategies to enhance the performance of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 -based PSCs have been proposed. • The remaining key problems and future directions of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 -based PSCs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of deaths, and, since Aug 11, 2020, 20 intramuscular COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an aerosolised adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in adults without COVID-19 from China.Method: This was a randomised, single-centre, open-label, phase 1 trial done in Zhongnan Hospital (Wuhan, China), to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine by aerosol inhalation in adults (≥18 years) seronegative for SARS-CoV-2. Breastfeeding or pregnant women and people with major chronic illnesses or history of allergies were excluded. Participants were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1) into five groups to be vaccinated via intramuscular injection, aerosol inhalation, or both. Randomisation was stratified by sex and age (18-55 years or ≥56 years) using computer-generated randomisation sequences (block sizes of five). Only laboratory staff were masked to group assignment. The participants in the two aerosol groups received an initial high dose (2 × 1010 viral particles; HDmu group) or low dose (1 × 1010 viral particles; LDmu group) of Ad5-nCoV vaccine on day 0, followed by a booster on day 28. The mixed vaccination group received an initial intramuscular (5 × 1010 viral particles) vaccine on day 0, followed by an aerosolised booster (2 × 1010 viral particles) vaccine on day 28 (MIX group). The intramuscular groups received one dose (5 × 1010 viral particles; 1Dim group) or two doses (10 × 1010 viral particles; 2Dim group) of Ad5-nCoV on day 0. The primary safety outcome was adverse events 7 days after each vaccination, and the primary immunogenicity outcome was anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor IgG antibody and SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody geometric mean titres at day 28 after last vaccination. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04552366.Findings: Between Sept 28, 2020, and Sept 30, 2020, 230 individuals were screened for inclusion, of whom 130 (56%) participants were enrolled into the trial and randomly assigned into one of the five groups (26 participants per group). Within 7 days after vaccination, adverse events occurred in 18 (69%) in the HDmu group, 19 (73%) in the LDmu group, 19 (73%) in the MIX group, 19 (73%) in the 1Dim group, and 15 (58%) in the 2Dim group. The most common adverse events reported 7 days after the first or booster vaccine were fever (62 [48%] of 130 participants), fatigue (40 [31%] participants), and headache (46 [35%] participants). More adverse events were reported in participants who received intramuscular vaccination, including participants in the MIX group (49 [63%] of 78 participants), than those who received aerosol vaccine (13 [25%] of 52 participants) after the first vaccine vaccination. No serious adverse events were noted within 56 days after the first vaccine. At days 28 after last vaccination, geometric mean titres of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody was 107 (95% CI 47-245) in the HDmu group, 105 (47-232) in the LDmu group, 396 (207-758) in the MIX group, 95 (61-147) in the 1Dim group, and 180 (113-288) in the 2Dim group. The geometric mean concentrations of receptor binding domain-binding IgG was 261 EU/mL (95% CI 121-563) in the HDmu group, 289 EU/mL (138-606) in the LDmu group, 2013 EU/mL (1180-3435) in the MIX group, 915 EU/mL (588-1423) in the 1Dim group, and 1190 EU/mL (776-1824) in the 2Dim group.Interpretation: Aerosolised Ad5-nCoV is well tolerated, and two doses of aerosolised Ad5-nCoV elicited neutralising antibody responses, similar to one dose of intramuscular injection. An aerosolised booster vaccination at 28 days after first intramuscular injection induced strong IgG and neutralising antibody responses. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of aerosol vaccination should be evaluated in future studies.Funding: National Key Research and Development Programme of China and National Science and Technology Major Project.Translation: For the Chinese translation of the Summary see Supplementary Material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is very attractive to find a cheap and efficient cocatalyst for enhancing the H 2 generation of graphitic carbon nitride (CN) under visible light. To achieve that, we proposed a novel two-step method to deposit sub-10 nm metallic Ni 2 P particles on the surface of CN sheets for a maximized interfacial contact. Characteristic results confirmed the establishment of ohmic heterojunction upon Ni 2 P-modification of CN, which deemed to be an effective measure to alleviate photo-charges recombination. In addition to facilitating spatial separation of charges, Ni 2 P could also enhance the optical properties of CN while reducing its impedance for interfacial electron shuttling. Better still, the P-end of Ni 2 P is highly electronegative, offering desirable H+-capturing capability for enhanced H 2 generation. These give rise to an improved H 2 production of Ni 2 P/CN composite, optimally at 645.3 μmol g−1·h−1 as compared to immeasurable H 2 yielded by the pristine CN. Such photocatalytic performance is even comparable to the Pt-modified CN photocatalyst (640.6 μmol g−1·h−1). In recyclability test, a notable activity suppression of 33.17% was recorded after four reaction cycles. This can be ascribed to the pronounced photo-corrosion of the Ni 2 P cocatalyst during photoreaction. Nonetheless, a remarkably high H 2 generation (1328.6 μmol g−1 in 3 h) was still attained at 4th cycle. This justifies the effectiveness of our synthesized Ni 2 P cocatalyst in enhancing H 2 generation of CN under visible light irradiation. • Sub-10 nm Ni 2 P was deposited on g-C 3 N 4 for enhanced H 2 generation. • Ohmic contact was successful formed at the interface Ni 2 P/g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst. • 3 wt% Ni 2 P/g-C 3 N 4 prompts comparable H 2 generation to 3 wt% Pt/g-C 3 N 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the global warming trend is still increasing due to CO 2 emissions from various sources, such as electricity, heat production, industry, and transportation. In the vanadium industry, the vanadium bearing shale is of low grade, and the extraction of the required elemental vanadium produces large quantities of vanadium tailings (VTs). Both the roasting pretreatment of vanadium shale during vanadium extraction and the high-temperature calcination process for the preparation of vanadium products generate large amounts of CO 2 gas. Therefore, it is particularly important to find an effective and environmentally friendly method for the treatment of vanadium tailings and CO 2 generated by the vanadium industry. In this study, a potential method for the indirect carbonation of low calcium VTs under atmospheric pressure conditions was investigated. The carbonation reaction was investigated for different ammonia addition factors and different introduced CO 2 concentrations and temperatures. The carbonation experiments showed that under the conditions of coefficient of ammonia addition of 1.4, reaction time of 60 min and reaction temperature of 60 °C, the utilization rate of calcium in VTs reached 97.9% and the CO 2 uptake of VTs at 0.073 g-CO 2 /g, indicating that the carbonation of vanadium with low-calcium VTs was effective. The carbonation product was analyzed and measured using TG, XRD, and SEM-EDS, and it was discovered to be CaCO 3 , confirming the feasibility of carbonation reaction with vanadium tailings. Furthermore, the characterization of the carbonation product confirmed the mechanism and safety of the carbonation reaction, laying the groundwork for future applications. • The application of vanadium tailings for CO 2 capture and sequestration. • It has higher carbon capture efficiency among other low-calcium wastes. • For effective Ca, the process has a utilization rate of more than 97%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This is the first meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy calves. • The degree of intensive rearing and age are important risk factors for C. parvum infection in dairy calves. • There are many subtypes of C. parvum in dairy calves in different regions. • The subtype families of C. parvum vary in different geographical regions. Cryptosporidium is a significant zoonotic pathogen that often occurs in dairy cattle. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in dairy calves worldwide to help improve global animal husbandry and public policy implementation. Published articles were obtained from PubMed and Web of Science from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2021. The prevalence of C. parvum infection in dairy calves was estimated using a random effects model, and the sources of heterogeneity were explored using meta-regression. In total, 118 datasets were included in the final quantitative analysis. The results showed that the global prevalence of C. parvum in dairy calves was 21.9% (7755/42,890; 95% confidence interval: 19.9–23.9%). C. parvum infection was high in pre-weaned dairy calves (24.9%, 6706/29,753) and diarrhea dairy calves (33.6%, 1637/6077). In countries with low dairy stocking density (<10 cows/farm), the prevalence of C. parvum in dairy calves was also relatively low (15.2%, 1960/16,584). Three subtype families [IIa (72.2%, 2293/3177), IId (27.4%, 872/3177), and IIl (0.4%, 12/3177)] were detected in dairy calves globally from selected studies. C. parvum IIa was the dominant zoonotic subtype. In the IIa subtype family of C. parvum , the proportions of subtypes from high to low (top nine) were IIaA15G2R1 (32.4%, 742/2293), IIaA18G3R1 (11.8%, 271/2293), IIaA13G2R1 (8.2%, 187/2293), IIaA16G1R1 (6.4%, 147/2293), IIaA20G1R1 (3.5%, 81/2293), IIaA16G3R1 (3.4%, 78/2293), IIaA17G2R1 (2.7%, 62/2293), IIaA18G1R1 (2.5%, 58/2293), and IIaA15G1R1 (2.4%, 56/2293). In the IId subtype family of C. parvum , the proportions of subtypes (top four) were IIdA19G1 (36.0%, 314/872), IIdA15G1 (27.3%, 238/872), IIdA20G1 (16.2%, 141/872), and IIdA14G1 (13.0%, 113/872). Furthermore, IId is commonly found in China (771/872). The study results indicated that the IIa subtype family is globally prevalent, while IId is found in Asia, Europe, and Africa and IIl is only found in Europe. Diarrhea in dairy calves is associated with C. parvum infection and a significantly higher prevalence is observed in diarrheic calves. Age and stock density are two significant risk factors in the prevalence of C. parvum in dairy calves. The prevention and control of this zoonosis in dairy calves should receive greater attention, especially in regions with a high degree of intensive dairy farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intelligent fiber actuator that can sense, adapt, and interact with environmental stimuli is highly desirable for numerous applications. However, conventional fiber sensors have difficulty in responding to complex environments with fast sensing and actuation. Herein, water/light dual‐responsive double‐twisted RGO@HHF (hollow hydrogel fiber loaded with reduced graphene oxide) actuators are successfully developed based on dynamic self‐contraction/elongation via twisting, folding, plying, and re‐plying process. Under stimuli by water and light, the twisted RGO@HHF provides a forward and reverse torsional stroke of 3168 and 60° cm−1, respectively. The excellent swelling properties endow the fiber with highly effective water‐responsive ability, and the hollow structure can reduce the water required for fiber to swell. Meanwhile, the RGO loading further accelerates water evaporation and enhances the light response rate of the fiber. After twisting and re‐plying, the double‐twisted RGO@HHF exhibits highly increased elongation and contraction under light/water stimulation. On this basis, a new strategy is proposed for efficient desalination and anti‐salt accumulation. The double‐twisted RGO@HHF can elongate to absorb water and contract to evaporate seawater under sunlight/water stimulation, respectively. The accumulated salt can be dissolved in the seawater during the dynamic process. This study provides a promising approach for realizing sustainable seawater desalination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A multihole and high ion-exchange adsorbent were synthesized by waste. • It can efficiently adsorb fluorine from raffinate and other wastewater. • Its maximal fluorine adsorption capability was 277.78 mg/g. • It can be easily produced on a large scale and has potential in real applications. Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (Ca-d HAP), an adsorbent of high defluoridation capacity with lattice defect, was prepared from vanadium industrial waste neutralization slag (NS). The adsorption performance was compared to commercially available stoichiometric HAP (S-HAP) under different solution conditions, and Ca-d HAP was superior to S-HAP. The specific surface area of Ca-d HAP was considerable (118.32 m2/g), which was 3.176 times larger than that of S-HAP (37.25 m2/g), and this was the main reason for the strong adsorption performance of Ca-d HAP. Meanwhile, due to the presence of minor impurities, such as Al and Fe, in NS, the doping of Al and Fe reduced the crystallinity after Ca-d HAP synthesis, which provided additional active sites for binding to other ions. In addition, combined with characterization analysis, it was speculated that some Ca ions in Ca-d HAP were replaced by Na ions with stronger ion-exchange properties, enhancing its adsorption performance. The adsorption mechanism of Ca-d HAP on F- ions was further investigated by discussing the surface potential, initial pH, adsorbent dosage, initial fluorine concentration, adsorption thermodynamics, and kinetics. Results showed that the Langmuir isothermal model well predicts the adsorption behavior of Ca-d HAP on F- ions at pH 3.5, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 277.78 mg/g, which is larger than most HAP adsorbents reported in the literature. In addition, the percentage adsorption of Ca-d HAP on F- ions was > 99 % in the raffinate and the NaF solution. In addition, the percentage adsorption of Ca-d HAP on F- ions was > 99 % both in the raffinate and in the NaF solution. The adsorption of F- ions by Ca-d HAP is a heat absorption process, with the ΔG° < 0 at various temperatures, demonstrating the reaction's spontaneity of the reaction. The pseudo-second-order model better described the adsorption kinetics data at 303 to 333 K, and the adsorption was regulated by chemical reactions. Overall, Ca-d HAP with lattice defects has a large ion-exchange rate and specific surface area, which is the key reason for the high adsorption performance of Ca-d HAP. Therefore, this technology provides a prospect for treating acidic wastewater with high fluorine content in the vanadium industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An environmentally-friendly and fluorine-free superhydrophobic finishing system. • A sandwich-like structured superhydrophobic fabric bag is rationally constructed. • Superhydrophobic fabric showed excellent chemical stability and mechanical durability. • On-demand superhydrophobic bags are effective for versatile emulsion separation. The complexity and diversity of oily wastewater calls for versatile and efficient separation of emulsified oil/water mixtures. Herein, a facile method is applied to fabricate superhydrophobic cotton fabric for highly efficient separation of surfactant-stabilized oil/water mixtures. The fabric was prepared by repeated dip-coating of the pretreated cotton fabric in a dispersion containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and epoxy resin E-44 (ER). This strategy could avoid not only the conventionally sophisticated fabrication process but also the usage of expensive low energy materials involved in preparing superhydrophobic materials. The modified cotton fabric exhibited remarkable separation of surfactant stabilized water-in-oil emulsion with a separation efficiency beyond 99%. Moreover, the superhydrophobic cotton fabric showed excellent chemical stability and mechanical durability. In addition, it could be applied to different types of emulsions prepared from various oils and emulsions with different water content, showcasing promising potential for practical water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Lead-free inorganic Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 double perovskites have emerged as promising materials in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to tackle the inferior stability and toxicity issues of organic–inorganic hybrid PSCs. However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 solar cells are remarkably restricted by the intrinsic and extrinsic defects of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 films. More specifically, the fast crystallization process in the formation of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 films strongly prevents the homogeneous growth of perovskite crystals, leading to inferior Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 film quality. This work introduces a facile strategy to retard the crystallization of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 perovskites by introducing Lewis base additives into the precursor solution. The incorporation of a strongly coordinated thiourea additive with a sulfur donor leads to the generation of a Lewis acid base adduct, which retards the crystallization process for Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 crystals, improves the quality of the Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 film, decreases the defect density and inhibits charge carrier recombination. After optimization, the cell delivers a superior PCE of 3.07%, surpassing that reported for most Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 -based solar cells in the literature, and exhibits outstanding stability with a PCE retention rate of 95% after 20 days of storage in air. This work provides an effective strategy for further improvements in the performance of inorganic lead-free Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 -based photovoltaic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Antifouling coatings play a crucial role in preventing the adhesion of marine organisms, bacteria, and blood, making them a primary strategy for combating biofouling in the marine industry. However, conventional antifouling coatings suffer from drawbacks such as high toxicity, limited abrasion resistance, and unstable polymer degradation rates, which can have adverse effects on the environment, economy, and human health. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of sustainable and nontoxic antifouling coatings. This review first presents four major antifouling strategies: traditional coatings based on wettability, traditional coatings with protective structures, nontoxic coatings based on main chain degradable polymers, and nontoxic coatings combining main chain degradation with branch chain hydrolysis polymers. Second, the review provides a comprehensive overview of antifouling coatings with diverse functionalities, including antibacterial, anti-protein, anti-blood, anti-incrusting, adhesive, self-healing, and corrosion-resistant properties. Then, the application of antifouling coatings in marine environments and the medical field is thoroughly explored. Additionally, the review addresses the current challenges encountered by antifouling coatings. Finally, a forward-looking perspective is presented, envisioning future advancements in this field. By addressing these aspects, this review aims to stimulate further development and innovation in the realm of antifouling coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real‐time monitoring of respiration plays a very important role in human health assessment, especially in monitoring and analyzing respiration during exercise and sleep. However, traditional humidity sensors still have problems in flexibility, sensitivity, and durability, so there is an urgent need to develop humidity sensors with high sensitivity, stretchability, and environmental resistance as respiratory monitoring applications. Here, based on the double network hydrogel structure of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylamide, a highly sensitive, highly stretchable, and environmentally stable organic hydrogel humidity sensor has been manufactured by using the synergistic effect of lithium chloride and MXene. The hydrogel humidity sensor shows rapid response in the humidity range of 40–85% RH, and has a high sensitivity of −103.4%/% RH. In addition, it exhibits more than 3000% mechanical strain and excellent environmental resistance, which is attributed to the chemical cross‐linking in the hydrogel network and the synergistic effect of multiple hydroxyl groups in glycerol forming rich hydrogen bonds with water and polymer chains. The hydrogel humidity sensor is used for real‐time monitoring of breathing and sleep processes. This work provides a new strategy for preparing high‐performance, extensibility, and environmental stability hydrogel‐based sensors for respiratory monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Durable superhydrophobic anti‐erosion/anticorrosion coatings are highly demanded across various applications. However, achieving coatings with exceptional superhydrophobicity, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance remains a grand challenge. Herein, a robust microstructure coating, inspired by the cylindrical structures situated on the surface of conch shell, for mitigating erosion and corrosion damages in gas transportation pipelines is reported. Specifically, citric acid monohydrate as a pore‐forming agent is leveraged to create a porous structure between layers, effectively buffering the impact on the surface. As a result, the coating demonstrates remarkable wear resistance and water repellency. Importantly, even after abrasion by sandpaper and an erosion loop test, the resulting superhydrophobic surfaces retain the water repellency. The design strategy offers a promising route to manufacturing multifunctional materials with desired features and structural complexities, thereby enabling effective self‐cleaning and antifouling abilities in harsh operating environments for an array of applications, including self‐cleaning windows, antifouling coatings for medical devices, and anti‐erosion/anticorrosion protection, among other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A PNIPAAm hydrogel and PDA/PPy modified 3D raised-fabric was developed for atmospheric water harvesting. • It exhibits high moisture absorption (3.1 g·g−1) and water desorption properties (1.75 kg·m−2·h−1). • The PNIPAAm hydrogel based 3D raised-fabric can be readily fabricated for scalable production. • The collected water is in full compliance with the drinking requirements of WHO and EPA. Atmospheric water harvesting is a promising approach for obtaining freshwater resources, but achieving high levels of light absorption, hygroscopic capacity, and desorption efficiency simultaneously remains a challenge. In this study, we developed an innovative atmospheric water harvester that incorporates a poly(N -isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel and a polydopamine/polypyrrole-modified 3D raised-fabric. The interlacing structure and polydopamine/polypyrrole synergistically enhance the harvester's photothermal conversion capability, while the hydrogel-modified raised-fabric with its increased pore structure and high specific surface area ensures effective contact between the internal adsorbent and external moisture, thereby improving moisture capture and storage capacity. Our results indicate that the hydrogel-modified 3D raised-fabric has excellent photothermal conversion performance, as evidenced by its rapid temperature rise to 75.9 °C under 1 sun light intensity, which effectively promotes water evaporation and harvesting. Furthermore, the 3D raised-fabric exhibits exceptional water absorption (3.1 g g−1, RH 90%) and water desorption (1.75 kg m-2h−1, 1 sun) properties. Overall, the 3D raised-fabric with its integrated photothermal, hygroscopic, and hydrophobic properties can effectively collect water under low humidity conditions, making it a promising solution for water scarcity issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Abiraterone acetate, a prodrug of abiraterone (ABI), provides an efficient therapeutic option for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients. ABI undergoes extensive metabolism in vivo and is transformed into active metabolites Δ4‐abiraterone and 3‐keto‐5α‐abiraterone as well as inactive metabolites abiraterone sulfate and abiraterone N‐oxide sulfate. We aimed to examine the effect of polymorphisms in SLCO2B1, CYP3A4 and UGT1A4 on the pharmacokinetics of ABI and its metabolites. Methods: In this study, 81 healthy Chinese subjects were enrolled and divided into 2 groups for fasted (n = 45) and fed (n = 36) studies. Plasma samples were collected after administering a 250 mg abiraterone acetate tablet followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Genotyping was performed on a MassARRAY system. The association between SLCO2B1, CYP3A4, UGT1A4 genotype and pharmacokinetic parameters of ABI and its metabolites was assessed. Results: Food effect study demonstrated high fat meal remarkedly increased systemic exposure of ABI and its metabolites. The geometric mean ratio and 90% confidence interval of area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0‐t) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of ABI in fed state vs. fasted state were 351.64% (286.86%–431.04%) and 478.45% (390.01%–586.94%), respectively, while the corresponding results were ranging from 145.11% to 269.42% and 150.10% to 478.45% for AUC0‐t and Cmax of ABI metabolites in fed state vs. fasted state, respectively. The SLCO2B1 rs1077858 had a significant influence on AUC0‐t and Cmax, while 7 other SLCO2B1 variants prolonged half‐life of ABI under both fasted and fed conditions. As for ABI metabolites, the systemic exposure of Δ4‐abiraterone, abiraterone sulfate and abiraterone N‐oxide sulfate as well as the elimination of 3‐keto‐5α‐abiraterone were significantly affected by SLCO2B1 polymorphisms. Polymorphisms in CYP3A4 and UGT1A4 did not significantly affect pharmacokinetics of ABI and its metabolites. Conclusion: Polymorphisms in SLCO2B1 were significantly related to the pharmacokinetic variability of ABI and its metabolites under both fasted and fed conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron-modified Ni(OH)2/NiSe2 enhances oxygen vacancies, expanding the electrochemically active surface area, which exhibiting superior selectivity and stability in urea oxidation reaction, outperforming pristine Ni(OH)2@NiSe2. It also demonstrates superior catalytic performance in the oxidation reactions of other small molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive hydrogels have recently attracted extensive attention in the field of smart wearable electronics. Despite the current versatility of conductive hydrogels, the balance between mechanical properties (tensile properties, strength, and toughness) and electrical properties (electrical conductivity, sensitivity, and stability) still faces great challenges. Herein, a simplified method for constructing hydrophobic association hydrogels with excellent mechanical and electrical properties is proposed. The prepared conductive hydrogels exhibit high tensile properties (≈1224%), high linearity in the whole‐strain–range (R2 = 0.999), and a wide strain sensing range (2700%). The conductive hydrogel can realize more than 1000 cycles of sensing under 500% tensile strain. As an application demonstration, an underwater communication device is assembled in combination with polydimethylsiloxane/Triton X‐100 film coating, which successfully transmits underwater signals and provides warning of potential hazards. This study provides a new research method for developing underwater equipment with excellent mechanical properties and sensing properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study evaluated the effects of SHR0302 on the pharmacokinetics of cytochrome P450 (CYP) probe substrates. Methods: We performed a single‐centre, open‐label, three‐period drug–drug interaction (DDI) study in 24 healthy subjects (NCT05392127). Subjects received a single oral dose of 5 mg warfarin (CYP2C9), 20 mg omeprazole (CYP2C19) and 15 mg midazolam (CYP3A4) on Days 1, 8 and 22, and received 0.5 mg repaglinide (CYP2C8) on Days 7, 14 and 28. Multiple oral doses of 8 mg SHR0302 were administered once daily from Day 8 to Day 28. Results: The exposure of S‐warfarin and repaglinide were comparable before and after SHR0302 administration. AUC of midazolam was not affected by SHR0302, whereas the administration of SHR0302 slightly decreased the Cmax of midazolam by 7.6% (single dose) and 15.7% (once daily for 14 days). The AUC0‐t, AUC0‐inf, and Cmax of omeprazole were slightly decreased after a single dose of SHR0302 by 19.2%, 21.8% and 23.5%, respectively. In the presence of SHR0302 for 14 days, the AUC0‐t, AUC0‐inf, and Cmax of omeprazole were marginally reduced by 3.0%, 16.4% and 8.3%, respectively. According to the induction mechanism of the CYP enzyme, for the investigation of the induction effect, the results of multiple administrations of the perpetrator were more reliable than those of the single dose. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that co‐administration of SHR0302 8 mg once daily is unlikely to have a clinically meaningful effect on the exposure of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the complicated environments, the service life of bag-filter or electrostatic-bag composite precipitators with polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is greatly deviated from the ideal time. In this paper, the structural transformation of PPS-based bag filter materials collected from the coal-fired power plants with different loading units were investigated systematically. As the SO2 content increases, the surface evolution of PPS fibers from smoothness to crack occurs. An opposite trend is observed for melting point and cross breaking strength. The major reason for the failure of PPS-based bag filters is that working temperature (T) often passes through acid dew gas point (Ta), and the SO3 would be produced during the condensing of H2SO4 when T is lower than Ta. The SO3 with strong oxidation would attack the weak C-S bonds of PPS, resulting in the oxidation or even sulfonation of PPS-based bag filters. This work discloses the actual structural evolution of PPS and some corresponding rules under the complicated corrosive gases with high temperatures, which provides a guidance for prolonging the service life of PPS-based bag filters during the usage of coal-fired power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determination of organophosphorus pesticide (OPS) residues is of great significance to the evaluation and monitoring of food quality. In this study, nitrogen-, sulfur-, and silicon-co-doped carbon dots (CDs) were prepared from broccoli leaves and stems using a hydrothermal method and applied in fluorescent detection of organophosphorus pesticides. The prepared N-, S-, Si-doped CDs are water-dispersible and hydrophilic with good fluorescent properties. It was found that fluorescence of the prepared CDs could be selectively quenched by Fe3+ derived from Fe2+ oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. A linear relationship between the fluorescence of CDs and concentration of Fe3+ was established in a range of 0 − 200 µM, and its specific detection limit was 1.43 µM. CDs/Fe2+/acetylcholinesterase (AChE) fluorescent system was subsequently established to detect and quantify OPs residues in food samples based on the AChE inhibition strategy with a good linear range of 0.01 − 1.0 µM of O,O-dimethyl-O-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP) concentration. A low detection limit of 8.0 nM was achieved. The hetero-atoms-doped CDs, which could be prepared from agro-wastes on a large scale, have great potential for the rapid real-time detection of OPs in authentic food samples with low detection values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogel-based conductive materials for smart wearable devices have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent flexibility, versatility, and outstanding biocompatibility. This review presents the recent advances in multifunctional conductive hydrogels for electronic devices. First, conductive hydrogels with different components are discussed, including pure single network hydrogels based on conductive polymers, single network hydrogels with additional conductive additives (i.e., nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanosheets), double network hydrogels based on conductive polymers, and double network hydrogels with additional conductive additives. Second, conductive hydrogels with a variety of functionalities, including self-healing, super toughness, self-growing, adhesive, anti-swelling, antibacterial, structural color, hydrophobic, anti-freezing, shape memory and external stimulus responsiveness are introduced in detail. Third, the applications of hydrogels in flexible devices are illustrated (i.e., strain sensors, supercapacitors, touch panels, triboelectric nanogenerator, bioelectronic devices, and robot). Next, the current challenges facing hydrogels are summarized. Finally, an imaginative but reasonable outlook is given, which aims to drive further development in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the core component of wearable electronic devices, flexible energy storage materials play an irreplaceable role. At present, it is still a challenge to prepare flexible electrode materials with high energy density. In this paper, a polyaniline‐based composite flexible conductive hydrogel (PPG‐P) with a two‐level conductive network is successfully prepared by a secondary induced assembly in situ polymerization method. The special conductive structure greatly promotes the efficiency of charge transfer and the utilization of electroactive substances, so that PPG‐P exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. In a three‐electrode system, PPG‐P has a mass‐specific capacitance as high as 989 F g−1 (0.5 A g−1). After 1000 charge and discharge cycles, the capacitance retention is 87%. Symmetrical flexible supercapacitors based on PPG‐P have high specific capacitance (176 F g−1/0.5 A g−1) and high energy density (15.6 Wh kg−1). After 1000 cycles of constant current charge and discharge, the capacitance maintains 78.1%. The preparation of PPG‐P with a hierarchical structure demonstrates the possibility of achieving high energy density in flexible electrode materials, which has great application potential in the development of energy storage elements in wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A hierarchically structured superhydrophobic radiative cooling film was fabricated. • The film integrates solar reflectance, infrared emittance and superhydrophobicity. • The film exhibits an average sub-ambient temperature drop of 12.3 °C under sunlight. • The superhydrophobicity makes the film maintain long-lasting cooling performance. • The film is promising for energy-free cooling materials towards applications. Radiative cooling without using electricity represents an ideal green solution for air-conditioning. Despite exciting progress made so far, most of the radiative cooling materials are vulnerable to outdoor contamination, which leads to decreased performance. Herein, we fabricate a hierarchically structured PVDF/PDMS porous film which integrates strong sunlight reflectance (97%), high thermal-infrared emittance (96%) and robust superhydrophobicity (160.2°). The synergy of the effective solar reflection and thermal-infrared emission enables the film to yield a sub-ambient temperature drop of 12.3 °C under strong sunlight. More importantly, the superhydrophobicity keeps the film away from contamination by self-cleaning, maintaining well the radiative cooling performance for a long-term outdoor use. Additionally, the as-obtained film shows excellent chemical durability after exposure to different pH solutions and UV light irradiation. This work provides a new strategy to integrate self-cleaning with radiative cooling, showing great potential to advance energy-free cooling materials toward real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The nanoscale ordered "Turing-like" structure of PA/PPy composite membrane was achieved by PA interlayer assistance of CVD method. • PA/PPy composite membrane still showed excellent tolerant at high temperature (80 ℃) and organic solvent (DMAc). • The excellent stability was obtained due to hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction between PA and PPy. • The membrane presented excellent permselectivity performances with MWCO as low as 185 Da. Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is a green, energy-saving, and highly efficient emerging membrane separation technology, and there is an urgent need for robust, easy-to-process OSN membranes with high permeance and small solute selectivity for industrial applications. Herein, we propose a new strategy for accurately designing novel OSN membranes. Specifically, a polyamide (PA) interlayer was synthesized in-situ on the surface of homogeneous reinforced poly(p-phenylene terephthamide) (PPTA) hollow fiber membrane by interfacial polymerization (IP) using both ultra-low concentrations piperazine (PIP, 0.05 wt%) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC, 0.005 wt%), and then a defect-free and dense PPy layer was deposited on top of the hydrophilic PA interlayer by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to prepare PA/PPy composite membranes with spherical cluster or strip cluster "Turing-like" structure. The resulting PA/PPy composite membranes presented an excellent high selective permeability, the dimethylacetamide (DMAc) permeability was 21.1 L·m−2·h−1·MPa−1, and the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) was as low as 185 Da. A 30-hour OSN test at elevated temperatures (80 °C) and in organic solvent (DMAc), as well as a one-month immersion test in ethanol and DMAc at room temperature, demonstrated superior separation performance and structural stability of the membranes, indicating their application potential in harsh solvent systems. Our novel method for developing nanoscale ordered structured PA/PPy composite membranes offers great potential for the development of multilevel structural designs in the preparation of high-performance OSN membranes with potential industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When PPS was invaded by free radicals, Bis-mAO-SiO 2 , which was uniformly dispersed in PPS with high thermal stability and antioxidant efficiency, quickly provided a lively hydrogen atom to combine with the free radicals generated at the early stage of oxidation, blocking the oxidation process of PPS free radicals and inhibiting the oxidative degradation of PPS to the maximum extent. [Display omitted] • Bis-mAO-SiO 2 containing bis-hindered phenolic antioxidant was innovatively prepared. • PPS/Bis-mAO-SiO 2 composite was manufactured via melt processing. • Bis-mAO-SiO 2 effectively retarded the oxidative degradation of PPS. • Provides a good insight for the antioxidant modification of PPS and other materials. In recent years, loading antioxidants onto inorganic nanoparticles has attracted increasing interest. However, the existing studies not only have low antioxidant loading efficiency, but also ignore the relationship between structural changes and antioxidant properties before and after antioxidant modification, greatly limiting the improvement of the antioxidant properties of composites and their application scope. In this work, we successfully prepared bis-hindered phenolic antioxidants containing silica hydroxyl groups (Bis-mAO) and loaded them onto silicon dioxide (SiO 2) to get the nanocomposites (Bis-mAO-SiO 2). The melt blending method further prepared the corresponding polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)/Bis-mAO-SiO 2 composites. The results showed that the higher antioxidant loading and more suitable antioxidant structure made Bis-mAO-SiO 2 possess excellent antioxidant properties. The prepared PPS/Bis-mAO-SiO 2 composites remained stable under high temperatures and oxygen environments. Impressively, the maximum weight loss rate temperature of PPS/Bis-mAO-SiO 2 was increased by 11.60 °C compared to that of PPS, and after accelerated thermal oxidation at 220 °C for 24 h, the relative intensity ratio between O and C of PPS/Bis-mAO-SiO 2 only increased to 0.086, much lower than 0.132 for PPS. Moreover, the viscosity of PPS/Bis-mAO-SiO 2 only increased by 29.05 % and 88.75 % after accelerated thermal oxidation at 220 °C for 12, 24 h. Compared, PPS's viscosity increased substantially by 79.22 % and 250.3 %, respectively. This meant that the Bis-mAO-SiO 2 successfully achieved a synergistic integration of high antioxidant properties and thermal stability, implying that the work offered a strategy for fabricating high-temperature resistant antioxidant composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Patterned PDMS/PMMA coating with asymmetrical wettability has been constructed by electro-spraying technique. • Membrane filters with high wetting contrast demonstrate high separation efficiency and good cycling ability. • Patterned surfaces with anisotropic adhesion show promising on-demand droplet manipulation ability. • Real-time liquid signal expression is realized on such wetting-patterned membrane with high efficiency. Superwetting materials with multiple functions have drawn heightened attention due to their delicately adjustable surface wettability. However, realizing the full potential of diversified functions is often hampered by the usually symmetrical wetting state. Herein, we introduce a versatile electro-spraying technique to construct a patterned PDMS/PMMA coating with asymmetrical wettability. The tunable superwetting patterns are able to achieve the required functional diversity. The as-prepared superhydrophobic fabric can act as a separation filter with a high separation efficiency and satisfactory cycling ability. With the wettability difference, such patterned surfaces can also manipulate the successive drops motions, and relation between the surface patterns and the controllable movement is demonstrated. In addition, the patterned surface can serve as a smart signal-expression membrane, thereby enabling real-time variable liquid signal expression with alterable signals. The exciting results have paved the way for expanding the application foreground of smart superwetting materials in microfluidics and signal-detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a growing hot research topic, manufacturing smart switchable surfaces has attracted much attention in the past a few years. The state-of-the-art study on reversibly switchable wettability of smart surfaces has been presented in this systematic review. External stimuli are brought about to render the alteration in chemical conformation and surface morphology to drive the wettability switch. Here, starting from the fundamental theories related to the surfaces wetting principles, highlights on different triggers for switchable wettability, such as pH, light, ions, temperature, electric field, gas, mechanical force, and multi-stimuli are discussed. Different applications that have various wettability requirement are targeted, including oil-water separation, droplets manipulation, patterning, liquid transport, and so on. This review aims to provide a deep insight into responsive interfacial science and offer guidance for smart surface engineering. It ends with a summary of current challenges, future opportunities, and potential solutions on smart switch of wettability on superwetting surfaces. [Display omitted] • Advances on smart surfaces with reversibly switchable wettability are critically reviewed. • Fundamental theory behind switchable wetting and the inherent principles for smart surfaces are presented. • The influence of various external stimuli on tunable wetting state is highlighted and discussed. • Promising applications with on-demanded wettability requirement are targeted. • A summary of current challenges, future opportunities and potential solutions on superwetting surfaces are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the miniaturization and integration of electronic devices heat conduction becomes a serious problem. Graphene films catch research's attention because of its excellent thermal performance and graphene oxide (GO) has been used as the most common precursor to prepare graphene films. But mostly film fabricated from GO is thinner than 30 μm and much thicker films are required to meet certain requirements. Also taking GO as raw material has many disadvantages such as the introduction of massive concentrated sulfuric acid and metal ions, huge weight loss in heat treatment and so on. Herein, we propose a new strategy to prepare graphene nanosheet films (GNFs) with a thickness of 100 μm by vacuum filtration of expand graphite through weak oxidation (WEG). Unlike common strategy, WEG without any metal ions introduced instead of GO is chosen as our raw material. The addition of nonionic surfactant and the employment of microfluidization can stabilize WEG dispersion. After graphitization at 2800 °C WEGF is transferred to GNF. The obtained 100 μm-thick film possesses a decent in-plane thermal conductivity (TC) of 760 W/mk and electrical conductivity (EC) of 5.2×105 S/m. Thick films with high TC can guarantee passing more heat flux and fill in larger gaps inside devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hard carbon with abundant resources, low-cost, and high specific capacity, is a promising anode material for large-scale sodium-ion batteries. However, the poor rate performance of hard carbon suffers from serious challenges due to sluggish ion transport dynamic behavior, especially at low potential, in high power density of sodium-ion batteries. To address this issue, we introduce an ionic-conductive sodium-titanate into hard carbon to boost its sodium-ion transport kinetics via constructing a dual ionic-electronic conducting network in hard carbon anode. Benefiting from our design, the optimized hard carbon-sodium titanate electrode achieves high specific capacity of 137 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 10 A g−1, compared to that of hard carbon of 25 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. Remarkably, it also exhibits an excellent capacity retention of 71.4% at the current density of 2.0 A g−1 after 800 cycles. This work presents a practical strategy for high-rate hard carbon design and provides valuable insights into the construction of high-rate anode for advanced sodium-ion batteries. • The high dual ionic-electronic conducting network of hard carbon was developed. • It achieved high specific capacity of 137 mAh g−1 ∼10 A g−1 (hard carbon ∼25 mAh g−1). • It realized excellent capacity retention of 71.4% ∼ 2.0 A g−1 after 800 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature particulate matter (PM), commonly produced by daily power generation, industrial smokestacks, and vehicle exhaust emissions, causes a significant risk to public health and environmental sustainability. The current strategy for solving these problems is to utilize adsorption filtration technology. In this work, we successfully constructed a bioinspired honeycomb structured aerogel with nano/micron fiber-reinforced polyimide gradient by using two strategies of fiber-reinforced filler and stepwise directional freezing technique. It overcomes the high shrinkage of polyimide aerogel and exhibits super elastic recovery performance without damage after 100 compression cycles at 50% strain, as well as high flame-retardancy and low thermal conductivity (32.14 mW m−1 K−1). Meanwhile, it shows excellent air filtration efficiency of about 97% and pressure drop of about 90 Pa after 50 cycles, as well as an excellent oil/organic solvent absorption performance and recoverability. In principle, the gradient structure with gradual change shows the "medium pore-small pore" cascade interception effect in the direction of airflow velocity propagation, which successfully achieves the selective and precise interception of polydisperse particles and the stratified accumulation of particles. It further significantly extends the filter service life and provides new insights into the upgrade of new high-temperature filters with significant research implications. [Display omitted] • A gradient polyimide aerogel is constructed by using fiber-reinforced filler and stepwise directional freezing technique. • The fiber-reinforced aerogel shows high mechanical stability and super elastic recovery performance. • It exhibits high flame retardancy and low thermal conductivity (32.14 mW (m K)−1). • The gradient aerogel shows an excellent air filtration efficiency of 97% and pressure drop of about 90 Pa after 50 cycles. • The large-scale preparation of aerogel is feasible due to simple methods and low-cost materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and mildly rapid preparation strategy is developed to accelerate polymerization by UV-induced excitation of ferric phytate ligands and generation of free radicals by electron transfer. The introduction of phytic acid provides a synergy between excellent electrical conductivity and anti-freezing the hydrogel through ionization and hydrogen bonding, which enables hydrogel-based strain sensors to show great potential for stable detection of physiological activities in low-temperature environments. [Display omitted] • Anti-freezing, ion-conducting and stretchable hydrogels are developed. • A rapid gelation process in 90s with UV induced iron phytate. • The hydrogel shows good sensing properties at −30℃ with 97% gauge factor retention. • A novel hydrogel-based temperature control switch is demonstrated. Conductive hydrogels have great potential in flexible electronics due to their flexibility, excellent biocompatibility and diverse functionalities. However, most rapid-gelation hydrogels tend to manifest weak and fragile due to vigorous reaction process and poor adaptability in cryogenic environment, which severely impede their practical applications. Herein, a facile and mild strategy for rapid gelation is proposed that accelerates polymerization by generating reactive oxygen radicals via electron transfer based on the excitation of ferric phytate ligands under UV irradiation, which takes only 17 s to initiate. Interestingly, the introduced phytic acid imparts the hydrogel excellent electrical conductivity (12 ms/cm), frost resistance (−31℃) and improves tensile properties (elongation at break 1299 %). The hydrogel that combines the above merits inspires the construction of strain sensor for monitoring physiological activity of low-temperature environments. This study provides a simple and universal approach for the rapid preparation of antifreeze hydrogels and reinforces the focus on sustainable and high-value utilization of phytic acid in advanced applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), commonly used as a core material for high-temperature flue gas treatment, exhibits elevated viscosity when processed even at temperature exceeding 280 °C. In this study, a novel high-flowability PPS-based composite was fabricated through the incorporation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) via a well-established melt extrusion procedure. The enhancement of flowability in PPS was verified, and the material's texture structures and fundamental properties of composites with varying contents were determined. The composites exhibit well-dispersed g-C 3 N 4 , a significant reduction in shear viscosity (>10 %), a notable increase in melt index (>30 %), improved crystallinity, and comparable or superior performance compared to pure PPS. When the g-C 3 N 4 was introduced into the PPS matrix, a phase-separated composite structure was formed. This structure reduces the entanglement degree between the PPS molecular chains and provides more space for free-movement of the PPS chains, and thus the improvement in flowability for the composites can be clearly demonstrated. Therefore, g-C 3 N 4 can be used as a novel flow modifier to enhance the flowability and stability of PPS resin without compromising its fundamental properties, which offers significant prospects for improving productivity, optimizing energy usage, and managing costs for PPS-based products. [Display omitted] • PPS/g-C 3 N 4 composites was fabricated via a mature melt blending procedure. • g-C 3 N 4 could improve the flowability of PPS under high temperature processing. • π-π interaction improved the compatibility between PPS and g-C 3 N 4. • The composites achieved comparable or better properties under normal measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical research reveals that keeping the skin surface dry can effectively prevent a variety of fungal skin diseases. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a light, thin, comfortable and breathable functional garment fabric with efficient one-way water transmission for people's requirements. Here, we successfully prepared a three-layer stacking sandwich coating to construct a Janus nonwoven material with efficient unidirectional water transport function, viz. PDMS-ormosil-PDMS@nonwoven fabric (PDMS-ormosil-PDMS@NF). Theoretical analysis showed that the loading of ormosil particles could enhance the surface roughness, while PDMS could strengthen the hydrophobic properties and bondability between the ormosil particles and fabric, thus acting as an environmentally friendly fluorine-free treating agent. The results revealed that the hydrophilic–hydrophobic PDMS-ormosil-PDMS@nonwoven fabric maintained excellent hydrophobic stability and good air permeability even after abrasion, which solved the existing problems of aerogel poor deposition and PDMS poor permeability, benefiting the application of textiles with unidirectional water transport performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cryptosporidium parvum is an enteric protozoan parasite with zoonotic importance and can cause cryptosporidiosis in humans as well as domestic and wild animals worldwide. The IId subtype family (SF) is one of the most prevalent subtypes of C. parvum. Some clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein systems have been developed to detect nucleic acid with high flexibility, sensitivity and specificity. Methods: By integrating recombinase polymerase amplification and the Cas12a/crRNA trans-cleavage system (termed ReCTC), we established end-point diagnostics by observing fluorescence readouts with the naked eye under blue light and on-site diagnostics using a lateral flow strip (LFS) biosensor. Results: Our ReCTC-based diagnoses can detect as little as a single copy of a cloned C. parvum 60-kDa glycoprotein (GP60) gene, 10 oocysts per gram (OPG), clinical fecal sample without tedious extraction of genomic DNA and have no cross-reactivity with other SFs of C. parvum or other common enteric parasitic protozoa. Conclusions: This study provided a new strategy for direct identification of the IId SF of C. parvum free of highly trained operators and expensive special equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the perceived-stigma level of COVID-19 patients in the early stage of the epidemic and analysed related factors and correlations that affected the stigma levels. Methods: The COVID-19 patients were selected using the convenience sampling method. Perceived-stigma level was evaluated using the Social Impact Scale (SIS). Frequency was used to describe the general information and disease investigation status of COVID-19 patients; mean and standard deviation were used for describing stigma levels, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test (nonparametric test) was applied for pairwise comparison. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test for grade data, and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner test for multiple comparative analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed, and statistically significant indicators in single-factor analysis were included to investigate the independent factors of stigma. The p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: SIS score of the 122 COVID-19 patients averaged 57.37±9.99 points. There were statistically significant differences in perceived-stigma levels among patients of different ages (p = 0.008), occupation (p <0.001), marital status (p = 0.009), and disease severity (p = 0.020). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age was the main influencing factor of stigma (p<0.05). Conclusions: The overall perceived-stigma level of COVID-19 patients in the early stage of the epidemic was moderate. Younger, unmarried, and severely ill patients had a higher level of perceived-stigma, with age being the main factor. More attention should be given to the young COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condensation of an (S)- or (R)-BINOL-derived dialdehyde and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine produced chiral [2+3] imine cages, which were further reduced to furnish more stable chiral amine cages and applied in the enantioselective recognition of (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nano-sized Fe 2 O 3 needle vertically grown on the micro Fe 3 O 4 was firstly fabricated. • The length of nanoneedles can be controlled by the annealing time in mixed gases. • Hierarchical anti-wetting surface displays good self-cleaning and anti-corrosion ability. A hierarchical micro-/nanostructure, consisting of nano-sized Fe 2 O 3 needles vertically grown on the {1 1 1} facets of micro-octahedral Fe 3 O 4 particles, has been successfully prepared on the surface of N80 steel using hydrothermal treatment followed by annealing. The nanoneedles were transformed from nanoparticles on the micro-octahedral facets under the influence of mixed acetone and acetic acid gas atmosphere, and the length of nanoneedles can be controlled by the annealing time. The superhydrophobic Fe 2 O 3 /Fe 3 O 4 composite surface with water contact angle (WCA) of 157.3° and sliding angle (SA) of 8.1° was obtained after decorated with stearic acid. The influence of the annealing time on the surface morphology and hydrophobicity was explored and optimized. The superhydrophobic surface displays great self-cleaning and anti-corrosion performances with good mechanical robustness. This method opens a new venue towards preparing micro-nanostructures on the surface of metallic materials for enhanced anti-corrosion and self-cleaning applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vertically oriented porous PVA hydrogel and PDA/CB modified 3D raised-fabric are innovatively designed as an solar evaporator to enhance the evaporation rate, conversion efficiency and self-desalting performance. [Display omitted] • A super water transport PVA hydrogel and PDA/CB modified 3D raised-fabric are innovatively designed as solar evaporators. • It exhibits high water evaporability (1.73 kg m-2h−1, 1 sun) and conversion efficiency (91.9 %). • The 3D raised-fabric solar evaporator system can be readily fabricated for scalable production. • The collected water is in full compliance with the drinking requirements of WHO and EPA. A solar evaporator with simple fabrication process, exceptional photothermal conversion efficiency and dependable continuous water evaporation holds significant potential for seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. Despite the substantial research dedicated to developing high-efficiency solar evaporators, there remains a need for additional exploration to tackle concerns such as salt crystallization, low evaporation efficiency, poor durability and stability. Here, an efficient water transport PVA hydrogel (water transport layer) and polydopamine/carbon black modified 3D raised-fabric (photothermal layer) are innovatively designed as solar evaporators. The synergistic effect between the periodic raised structure and polydopamine/carbon black results in outstanding photothermal conversion capabilities of PDA/CB@RF. Meanwhile, the porous structure of PVA hydrogel and its vertically aligned channels facilitate ion exchange and ensure a consistent water supply to the photothermal layer. This phenomenon serves to prevent the accumulation of salt in the photothermal layer, thereby markedly enhance the water evaporation capability of the PDA/CB@RF evaporator. The results demonstrate that the PDA/CB@RF evaporator system exhibits excellent photothermal conversion performance with its surface temperature rapidly ascending to 73.3 ℃ under 1 sun light intensity, and effectively boost the water evaporation rate (1.73 kg m-2h−1, 1 sun). Furthermore, the PDA/CB@RF evaporator exhibits excellent conversion efficiency (91.9 %) and self-desalting capability. Overall, this solar evaporator system with a 3D raised fabric design integrates light and thermal energy, consistent water evaporation and self-desalting functionalities, which makes it hold the potential to solve the pressing challenge of water shortage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a stainless steel mesh coated with titanium dioxide (TiO 2 @SSM) membrane was developed for the separation of stable oil-water emulsions and the degradation of soluble pollutants. The TiO 2 @SSM membrane showed excellent underwater anti-oil adhesion performance and efficient emulsion separation under gravity (flux of 207.7 L m−2 h−1 and efficiency of 99.58 % for toluene-water emulsion). The emulsion could also be pre-broken by microbubble flotation to enhance the separation performance of the TiO 2 @SSM membrane (microbubble flotation followed by separation has a flux of 369.3 L m−2 h−1, and efficiency of 99.71 %). And the synergistic operation of separation and microbubble flotation can increase the flux to 451.6 L m−2 h−1. The membrane showed outstanding stability and could be recycled for more than 20 times without significant deterioration, and demonstrated chemical stability for corrosion resistance test (pH 0–14). In addition, the membrane, which is easily modified with silver nanoparticles, achieves improved photocatalytic degradation properties (efficiency from 58.8 % to 88.7 %) and microbubble flotation effect (flux of 613.4 L m−2 h−1). This work provides a rational strategy for the preparation and optimization of inorganic functional membranes for effective emulsion separation and dye degradation, and demonstrates promising applications of the separation and purification in oil-containing sewage and wastewater remediation. [Display omitted] • TiO 2 nanobelts coated SSM membrane exhibits excellent crude-oil antifouling and photocatalytic ability. • TiO 2 @SSM membrane can separate various kinds of surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions. • TiO 2 @SSM membrane exhibits sustained microbubble flotation and emulsion separation capabilities. • Synergistic effect of microbubble flotation and demulsification improved the separation performance. • Decoration of silver nanoparticle enhance the photocatalytic and microbubble flotation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequent offshore oil leakage accidents and large quantities of oily-wastewater produced in industry and daily life bring huge challenges to global water purification. The adaptability and stability of organogels as adsorbent materials have shown wide application prospects in the field of oil-water separation. Herein, the organogels displayed stable hydrophobic/lipophilic properties with high absorption ability (1200 wt./wt%), efficient sorption of multiple emulsions (>99.0%), and good reusability. More importantly, the organogels were successfully assembled with 2D/3D substrates to achieve excellent sorption capacity (102.5 g/g) and recycling performance (50 cycles). The gel-carbon black assembled on MS (GCB-MS) sorbent with excellent photothermal conversion performance, and can rapidly heat the surface to 70.4 °C under 1.0 sunlight radiation (1.0 kW/m2) and achieved an ultra-high sorption capacity of about 103 g/g for viscous crude oil. Meanwhile, the GCB-MS was combined with a pump to build continuous oil spill cleaning equipment to achieve a super-fast cleanup rate of 6.83 g/min. The developed hydrophobic organogels had been expanded unprecedentedly to realize the comprehensive treatment of oily-wastewater in complex environments, including layered oils, emulsions, and viscous crude oil spill, which provided an effective path for the comprehensive treatment of oily wastewater in complex environments. [Display omitted] • Hydrophobic organogels exhibit excellent emulsion adsorption efficiency (>99.0%) and recyclability. • Hydrophobic gel coated porous substrates to achieve highly hydrophobic and oleophilic ability. • Gel-coating strategies demonstrate broad applicability for 2D or 3D substrates. • Assembling materials realizes on-demand remediation of various oily wastewater. • Composite sponge shows continuous, high-speed treatment of viscous crude oil spill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A versatile strategy is proposed to construct heterojunction nanofiber membranes and effectively capture PM. • Composite membranes exhibit remarkably enhanced filtration performance under light illumination. • Filter demonstrates excellent filtration efficiency even at high PM concentration and air flow velocity conditions. • The electrostatic field of filter membranes with heterojunction can be regenerated with light. Particulate matter (PM) pollution has posed a severe threat to the environment and human health. Especially for submicron-level fine particulate PM 0.3 , it is still difficult to achieve high-efficiency filtration. Herein, we loaded TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 (TCN) heterojunction photocatalyst on polystyrene/polyacrylonitrile (PS/PAN) multiscale nanofiber membranes by a simple one-step blending electrospinning technique. Due to the strong long-range electrostatic force of the built-in electric field, the composite membrane has a remarkably enhanced filtration effect under light. Even under harsh conditions with a high PM 0.3 concentration of more than 1,800,000 m−3 and a high flow rate of 25 L/min, it still has a high filtration efficiency of greater than 98.5%, an increase of about 20% compared with dark conditions, and the pressure drop is only low to 94 Pa. More importantly, the electrostatic field can be regenerated with light, and this preparation strategy can be effectively extended to other photocatalyst heterojunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An form finishing strategy for the construction of robust superhydrophobic fabric. • The as-prepared superhydrophobic fabric demonstrates good air permeation and self-cleaning ability. • The treated fabric exhibits excellent flame retardancy performance compared with pure cotton fabric. • The environment-friendly modified system contains fluorine-free materials and water-rich solution. Fiber fabrics, especially those with multi-functions, play an important role in the realm of construction industry, ecology, aerospace, etc. In this work, a novel one-step foam-coating method was proposed for multi-functionalization of fabric, co-instilling outstanding superhydrophobicity and flame retardation for better practicality. Furthermore, our proposed coating formulation is green with fluorine- and halogen-free attribute, with only ammonium polyphosphate (APP), Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and phytic acid-dissolved Cu (PA-Cu) co-incorporated in the system. The finished fabric is light and highly breathable, ascribed to its extremely thin coating layer. Also, our proposed method permits material coating with low liquid content, thereby enabling water saving up to 60%. Upon evaluating, fabric, upon treated with our proposed method, promises superhydrophobicity with an high contact angle of 154.8 ± 1.9°. This is endowed by the microstructure and roughened surface of fabric that repels water like lotus leaf. Consequently, an astonishing self-cleaning capability was also realized, allowing facile 'picking up' of surface dirt as water rinses over the fabric. As for flame retardation, the treated fabric recorded a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 37.5%, comparing to 17.5% of its pristine counterpart. This can be related to the collective functions enabled by the components (APP, PDMS and PA-Cu) in our foam formulation. Principally, our reported effective and low-consumption foam-coating strategy enriches the splendid properties of novel on-demand fabrics for broad applications, concurrently opening up an insightful horizon for other artificial material design as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A dual-layer transparent anti-fogging AAm1 + 2@hydrogel has been developed by spin-coating. • Such AAm1 + 2@layer exhibited satisfactory mechanical stability and long-term durability. • The AAm1 + 2@hydrogel possessed exciting anti-freezing property with high transparency. • The AAm1 + 2@surface demonstrated good anti-oil-fouling performance. Transparent substrates are frequently employed in a wide range of optical applications, such as eyeglasses, displays, and sensors. While these substrates should have superior optical qualities, they often encounter a number of problems including excessive fogging and surface contamination. Hydrogel is a good candidate for anti-fogging coating, however, its poor bonding with the substrates and high tendency of water loss have hindered its development. In this work, we have developed a dual-layered anti-fogging polyacrylamide (AAm1 + 2)@hydrogel coating on a variety of substrates by spin-coating technique with the inner layer (AAm1) chemically bonded to the substrates and retaining water for a long time and the outer layer (AAm2) wear-resistant to the external environment. This transparent hydrophilic hydrogel coating possessed a contact angle (CA) less than 90° and the same light transmittance as that of a bare glass. Besides, the coating can also successfully keep the fog away from obscuring the view through the cambered eyeglass lenses. The bio-inspired AAm1 + 2@ anti-fogging coating has demonstrated prolonged anti-fogging duration over a wide temperature range for repeated uses. Under normal use circumstances, the outer AAm2 layer can prevent scratch or abrasion damage. The coating was also extremely effective in decreasing ice adhesion and resisting fouling from oil contamination. This coating has offered lots of potential for use in numerous practical applications due to its variety of desired features that have been demonstrated and its straightforward production procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium lignosulfonate amine (SLA) was synthesized by Mannich reaction. The lignin-modified waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with different branched structures was designed and prepared by introducing SLA as a hydrophilic chain extender. The effect of the introduction manner of SLA on the performance of WPU was systematically investigated. The results showed that the addition of 0.75 wt% SLA in an appropriate introduction manner can prepare a polyurethane dispersion with good stability and high solid content. The tensile strength of the SLA-modified WPU film was significantly improved to 37.3 MPa. The SLA-modified WPU film also exhibited high water resistance and thermal stability. Moreover, in the introduction manner of WPU-C, the adhesive properties of SLA-modified WPU adhesives were also improved, which was mainly attributed to the entanglement of long branched chains generated by SLA chain extension with other polyurethane chains and the formation of physically cross-linked networks through the interaction between functional groups. Therefore, the introduction of a small amount of sodium lignosulfonate amine in an appropriate manner can significantly improve the performance of WPU with high solid content, which provides a new way to prepare high-performance waterborne polyurethane. [Display omitted] • Sodium lignosulfonate amine optimized the structure of waterborne polyurethane. • A small amount of sodium lignosulfonate amine improved the properties of WPU. • Provide a new idea for preparation of high-performance WPU. • Expand the way for high-value utilization of sodium lignosulfonate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Removal of dust and NOx from flue gas is highly significant for air pollution control, and integration of these two functions in one unit can greatly improve process efficiency. In this study, a functional catalytic bag-filter material (CBFM) was fabricated from commercial PTFE felt and cheap catalyst V 2 O 5 -WO 3 /TiO 2 via a simple immersion-fixation procedure. The attachment of catalysts on PTFE was confirmed, and the material properties of CBFM of various loadings were determined. Their denitration and dedusting performances were investigated individually in lab-scale experiments. Compared to the original PTFE, CBFMs exhibited superior denitration activities, which were positively correlated with temperature (60–90% under 150–210 °C) and negatively correlated with filtration velocity (50–90% under 0.5–0.9 m min−1). On the other hand, introduction of catalysts in PTFE felt did not compromise its filtration efficiency, and almost complete dust removal was achieved. A simplified kinetic model was developed based on Eley-Rideal mechanism, to correlate the materials' denitration efficiency with various operational conditions. The model's accuracy was verified in both lab and pilot environments, where real flue gas from a waste incineration plant was treated with a scaled-up CBFM. In a six-day continuous test, the CBFM maintained >70% NO removal and >99.8% dust removal, confirming its stability and applicability in industrial settings. Therefore, this study offers a low-cost and functional bi-functional filter material capable of efficient simultaneous dedusting/denitration, as well as a simple and practical procedure for its manufacture. In addition, the kinetic model could be applied to speed up production and process optimization, and direct future application of similar materials in real environments. The catalytic bag-filter materials were fabricated through a simple immersion method using commercial PTFE felt and cheap catalyst of V 2 O 5 -WO 3 /TiO 2 , exhibiting good coprocessing performance of NOx and dust with >70% NO removal and >99.8% dust removal in pilot-scale experiments. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we synthesized cryptate copper(II) followed by complexed with sulfonate chitosan (SCS). After characterization, the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of resulting complexes were carried out by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+), while the antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (P. aeruginosa PAO1) were also investigated. According to the results, cryptate copper(II) exhibited the best antioxidant activity followed by cryptate copper(II)/SCS complexes, and SCS. Significant antibacterial activity of cryptate copper(II) against P. aeruginosa PAO1 was observed with the minimum inhibitory concentration of MIC value 12.50 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration of MBC value 100.00 μg/mL, followed by cryptate copper(II)/SCS complexes and SCS. Cryptate copper(II) and cryptate copper(II)/SCS exhibited antibacterial activity which copper ions might enter the interior of cells, and the intracellular ions made the killed bacteria serve as an antibacterial agent showing a zombie effect. The copper ions complexed with cryptate and SCS rendering potential unlimited biological activities, might become one of the most popular research areas because of their unique coordination chemistry and their long-term biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid and efficient cleaning of oily wastewater and high viscosity crude oil spills is still a global challenge. Conventional three-dimensional porous adsorbents are ineffective for oil-water separation in harsh environment and are restricted to the low fluidity of high viscosity crude oil at room temperature. Increasing temperature can enormously improve the fluidity of viscous crude oil. Herein, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) /carbon black (CB) -modified polyurethane sponge (PU) were prepared by a simple one-step dip-coating method. PDMS/CB@PU (PCPU) exhibits high adsorption capacity to various oils and organic liquid (28.5–68.7 g/g), strong mechanical properties (500 cycles at 50%), outstanding reusability (100 cycles of adsorption and desorption) and excellent environmental stability due to the special PDMS/CB coating. The maximum surface temperature of PCPU sponge can reach 84.7 ℃ under 1 sunlight irradiation. Therefore, the PCPU sponge can rapidly heat and enhance the fluidity of viscous crude oil, significantly speeding up the viscous oil recovery process with the maximum adsorption capacity of 44.7 g/g. In addition, the PCPU sponge can also combine with the vacuum pump to realize the continuous and rapid repair of viscous oil spills from the seawater surface. In consideration of its simple preparation, cost-effectiveness and high oil absorption ability, this solar-assisted self-heating adsorbent provides a new direction for large-scale cleanup and recycling of viscous crude oil spill on the seawater surface. [Display omitted] • Robust superhydorphobic sponge enables the selective separation of various emulsion. • Good photothermal conversion ability endows the rapid recovery of viscose oil spill. • Composite sponge realizes continuous, high absorption ability of viscose crude oil. • Optimized sponge achieves sustainable separation ability under harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]