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Objectives: Health-Significant Quality of Life Measure (Health-SigQOLM) provides a generic and dynamic assessment of Health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study aims to assess the HRQOL among healthy and non-healthy participants with varying chronic diseases., Results: Comparisons between healthy and non-healthy participants revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) in the mean overall HRQOL score as well as across all its nine domains. Therefore, the Health-SigQOLM, along with its nine domains, is demonstrated to have adequate sensitivity in distinguishing between healthy and non-healthy study participants. This had supported the evidence that the Health-SigQOLM is a reliable and valid scale for measuring both generic and dynamic HRQOL., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All respondents have provided written informed consent to participate in this study. Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Malaysia. The ethical approval number for this study is NMRR ID-21-01979-XDL (IIR). The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Confidentiality was ensured and maintained throughout the process. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Second victim experience (SVE) refers to the emotional and psychological impact experienced by healthcare providers who are involved in patient safety incidents (PSIs). Despite growing awareness of patient safety in healthcare organizations, remedial actions often focus only on the first victim, the patient. Therefore, it is important to recognize and address the emotional and physical toll that PSIs to ensure the well-being of and to promote a culture of safety in healthcare settings. Hence, this study was initiated to determine the prevalence of SVE, assess symptoms related to SVE and evaluate the level of support needed by healthcare providers., Materials and Methods: The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool for Recovery (SVEST-R) questionnaire was utilized to conduct an anonymous survey on the healthcare providers in Sarawak General Hospital (SGH) from August to October 2018., Results: A total of 482 respondents participated in the survey and 46.1% of the respondents reported SVE following their involvement in PSIs. Notably, symptoms such as flashbacks, fear, and stress tend to persist for longer durations compared to other symptoms. It is worth noting that non-work-related support received the highest mean (medical doctors = 3.83; nurses = 3.70), indicating that respondents preferred to seek emotional support from their friends and families. Furthermore, nurses reported a significantly higher experience of absenteeism following PSIs than doctors (p=0.003). In addition, most respondents expressed a desire for discussion or counselling with a respected peer or supervisor following their involvement in PSIs., Conclusion: Present study reported a relatively high prevalence of SVE among healthcare providers at SGH. Hence, proactive measures, including non-work related and supervisor support, are essential in facilitating their overall well-being and successful recovery.

Background/Objectives: The HRQ-6D is a newly developed instrument to measure Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and EQ-5D is the gold standard for measuring HRQOL. This study aims to test the concurrent validity between EQ-5D and HRQ-6D measures among patients with different primary diagnoses. Methods : This cross-sectional study uses two HRQOL measurement instruments, EQ-5D-3L and HRQ-6D. Data collection was performed between January 2023 and May 2023. All the necessary data for this study were collected from actual patients who presented with any one of the four different types of primary diagnoses: heart disease, cancer, depressive disorders, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). They were recruited from the four specialist clinics that cater to the treatment of each of the four different types of primary diagnoses in a tertiary hospital. Results : There were 149 patients who participated in the study wherein 40 (26.8%) of them were ESRD patients, 39 (26.2%) of them were cancer patients, 38 (25.5%) of them were mentally depressed, and the remaining were patients with heart diseases. The domains in HRQ-6D, except for the perception of future health, are significantly associated with domains in EQ-5D-3L after having controlled for patients' primary diagnoses (i.e., p < 0.001). The HRQ-6D replaces the domain "Usual activities" with "Physical energy," and the association between these two domains is significant ( p < 0.001). The correlation between the overall HRQ-6D and EQ-VAS scores is also significant (coefficient = 0.445, p < 0.001). Conclusions : The HRQ-6D is demonstrated to have concurrent validity with EQ-5D. Therefore, clinicians and researchers can use HRQ-6D to measure patient outcomes for interventional and observational studies. (Total word count = 265 words).

Background/Objectives: This study aims to compare the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between healthcare providers without chronic diseases and participants with chronic diseases presenting with one of the four different primary diagnoses on the health-related quality of life with six domains (HRQ-6D) scale. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study to compare the HRQOL between healthcare providers without chronic diseases and participants with chronic diseases. Data collection was performed from May 2022 to May 2023. Data for the comparison group were taken from healthcare providers without chronic diseases, and for the participant group with chronic diseases, the data were collected from actual patients with one of four types of primary diagnoses who were recruited from specialist cardiology, oncology, psychiatry, and nephrology clinics. All the participants of this study filled in the HRQ-6D. Results: There were 238 (58.6%) healthcare providers without chronic diseases who participated in this study, as well as 41 (10.1%) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 48 (11.8%) patients with cancer, and 40 (9.9%) patients who were depressed, and the remaining patients had heart disease. The means (SD) of HRQ-6D scores among healthcare providers without chronic diseases for pain, physical strength, emotion, mobility, self-care, perception of future health, and overall HRQ-6D score were 75.3% (19.8), 74.5% (21.1), 85.6% (18.4%), 93.0% (12.3), 91.6% (13.9), 74.2% (23.3), and 82.4% (13.6), respectively. In comparisons between healthcare providers without chronic diseases and participants with chronic diseases, all mean differences of the overall HRQ-6D score and its domains and dimensions were statistically significant ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: The overall score of the HRQ-6D, as well as its domains and dimensions are sensitive in detecting the study participants with chronic diseases from among those without chronic diseases. Therefore, the HRQ-6D is a reliable and valid scale to measure HRQOL. Future studies may use this scale for interventional, observational, and cost-effectiveness studies.

Objective: The "Health" element is one of the elements in Significant Quality of Life Measure (SigQOLM) that measures quality of life and well-being of people. This study aims to evaluate the Health element (Health-SigQOLM) as a generic and dynamic scale to measure health-related quality of life (HRQOL) with a broader spectrum of coverage. This study used a secondary data that developed SigQOLM. Only the "Health" element with 33 items is used for analysis., Results: The construct of Health-SigQOLM has a minimum factor loading of 0.425 with excellent model fit. The health status among healthcare workers is significantly associated with the Health-SigQOLM (p < 0.001). The Health-SigQOLM score can clearly distinguish between healthy people and those who have been afflicted with some diseases but have never been hospitalized due to disease progression or other associated complications (p = 0.002). The Health-SigQOLM is a generic and dynamic tool for assessing various aspects of health-related quality of life., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This article is a narrative review that discusses the recommended sample size requirements to design a pilot study to assess the reliability of a questionnaire. A list of various sample size tables that are based on the kappa agreement test, intra-class correlation test and Cronbach's alpha test has been compiled together. For all calculations, type I error (alpha) was set at a maximum value of 0.05, and power was set at a minimum value of 80.0%. For the kappa agreement test, intra-class correlation test, and Cronbach's alpha test, the recommended minimum sample size requirement based on the ideal effect sizes shall be at least 15, 22, and 24 subjects respectively. By making allowances for a non-response rate of 20.0%, a minimum sample size of 30 respondents will be sufficient to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The clear guideline of minimum sample size requirement for the pilot study to assess the reliability of a questionnaire is discussed and this will ease researchers in preparation for the pilot study. This study provides justification for a minimum requirement of a sample size of 30 respondents specifically to test the reliability of a questionnaire., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (Copyright © 2024. The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry.)

Quality of life (QOL) should ideally be determined by a broader spectrum of measurable parameters. This study aims to develop and validate a study instrument that is designed to determine a holistic measure of health and non-health aspects of QOL, and it is called the 'Significant Quality of Life Measure' (SigQOLM). This study involves five phases which aim to (i) explore and understand the subject matter content, (ii) develop a questionnaire, (iii) assess its content validity and face validity, (iv) conduct a pilot study, and lastly (v) perform a field-test by using the questionnaire. For the field-testing phase, a cross-sectional study was conducted which elicited responses from healthcare workers via a self-administered survey for all the SigQOLM items. Based on the results, the overall framework of the SigQOLM consists of four elements, 18 domains with 69 items. The element of "Health" is measured by nine domains, while "Relationships", "Functional activities, and "Survival" are measured by three domains respectively. The SigQOLM has been developed successfully and then validated with a high level of reliability, validity, and overall model fit. Therefore, the SigQOLM will provide researchers and policymakers another viable option to elicit a more comprehensive outcome measure of QOL which shall then enable them to implement specific interventions for improving the QOL of all the people, both healthy or otherwise., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is one of the most important outcome measures to be assessed by medical research. This study aims to develop and validate an instrument called the "health-related quality of life with six domains" (HRQ-6D), which aims to measure an individual's health-related quality of life within a 24 h period of time. This is a questionnaire development study involving five phases, which are (i) to explore the subject matter content for gaining a better understanding of the topic, (ii) to develop the questionnaire, (iii) to assess both its content validity and face validity, (iv) to conduct a pilot study, and finally, (v) to undertake a field testing of the questionnaire. For the field-testing phase, a cross-sectional study involving a self-administered survey for HRQ-6D items was conducted among healthcare workers with various health conditions. Exploratory factor analysis was initially applied to construct the major dimensions of the HRQ-6D. Confirmatory factor analysis was subsequently applied to evaluate the model fit of the overall framework of the HRQ-6D. The clinical utility of this HRQ-6D was also assessed via its association with actual clinical evidence. A total of 406 respondents participated in the survey. Six domains were identified from the analysis, namely "pain", "physical strength", "emotion", "self-care", "mobility", and "perception of future health" comprising two items in each domain. Each domain was reported to have a minimum value of Cronbach's alpha of 0.731, and the model fit for the overall framework of the HRQ-6D was also found to be excellent. Exploratory factor analysis was undertaken for the 12 items of the HRQ-6D. All the domains can be categorized into three major dimensions, namely "health", "body function", and "future perception", with a minimum value for their factor loadings of at least 0.507. A notable finding was that the HRQ-6D was significantly associated with an individual's existing comorbidities and current status of health ( p < 0.05). This study successfully validated the HRQ-6D, and we found it to possess both excellent levels of reliability and validity and a satisfactory degree of model fit; it was also significantly associated with actual clinical evidence.

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) printing plays a significant role as a promising technological advancement in modern healthcare settings. 3D printing has been incorporated by many sectors worldwide including in Southeast Asian countries. However, there is a paucity of research, especially in the healthcare pertaining to 3D printing activity in the Southeast Asian region. Thus, a scoping review is conducted to gain insight into 3D printing healthcare research landscape in the Southeast Asian region., Methods and Analysis: The methodology draws on Arksey and O'Malley's seminal framework for the scoping review. The literature search will be conducted by using keywords to find suitable published literature. The existing literature will be searched using selected electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest and Web of Science from the years 2011 and 2021. The selected publications will focus on 10 Southeast Asian countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Philippines, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar. Two reviewers will be performing title and abstract screening for the criteria of each publication, in which they will be working independently of each other. The included publication will undergo a full-text review and references cited will be examined for relevance using the same inclusion criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram will guide throughout the process. Data will be extracted, analysed and charted within each category from the selected publications for each Southeast Asian country., Ethics and Dissemination: The results of this scoping review will illustrate an overview of the 3D printing healthcare research in the Southeast Asian context, which can be a guide for the advancement of 3D printing that can be accentuated in future research. The results will undergo dissemination which will be submitted for publication in a scientific journal., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)