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Dual-tasks at the memory encoding stage have been shown to decrease recall performance and impair concurrent task performance. In contrast, studies on the effect of dual-tasks at the memory retrieval stage observed mixed results. Which cognitive mechanisms are underlying this dual-task interference is still an unresolved question. In the present study, we investigated the influence of a concurrent reaction-time task on the performance in a long-term memory task in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants performed an auditory-verbal free recall memory task and a visual-manual spatial Stroop task in a single or dual-task condition, either at the encoding or retrieval stage of the memory task. In Experiment 2, we examined the influence of processing conflicts in a concurrent RT task on memory encoding. Both experiments showed detrimental effects on recall accuracy and concurrent RT task performance in dual-task conditions at the encoding stage. Dual-task conditions at the retrieval stage led to a slowdown in recall latency and impaired concurrent RT task performance, but recall accuracy was maintained. In addition, we observed larger Stroop congruency effects in the dual-task conditions, indicating an increased processing conflict. However, in Experiment 2, we analyzed the effect of the processing conflict in a time-locked manner and could not find a significant influence on success of memory encoding. These findings suggest that processes in both tasks share the same limited capacity and are slowed down due to parallel processing, but we could not find evidence that this is further influenced by task-specific processing conflicts., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: High expectations are currently attached to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the resuscitation room treatment of trauma patients with respect to the development of decision support systems. No data are available regarding possible starting points for AI-controlled interventions in resuscitation room treatment., Objective: Do information request behavior and quality of communication indicate possible starting points for AI applications in the emergency room?, Material and Methods: A 2‑stage qualitative observational study: 1. Development of an observation sheet based on expert interviews that depicts the following six relevant topics: situational factors (course of accident, environment), vital parameters, treatment-specific Information (treatment carried out). trauma-specific factors (injury patterns), medication, special features of the patient (anamnesis, etc.) 2. Observational study Which topics were inquired about during emergency room treatment? Was the exchange of information complete?, Results: There were 40 consecutive observations in the emergency room. A total of 130 questions: 57/130 inquiries about medication/treatment-specific Information and vital parameters, 19/28 of which were inquiries about medication. Questions about injury-related parameters 31/130 with 18/31 regarding injury patterns, course of accident (8/31) and type of accident (5/31). Questions about medical or demographic background 42/130. Within this group, pre-existing illnesses (14/42) and demographic background (10/42) were the most frequently asked questions. Incomplete exchange of information was found in all six subject areas., Conclusion: Questioning behavior and incomplete communication indicate a cognitive overload. Assistance systems that prevent cognitive overload can maintain decision-making abilities and communication skills. Which AI methods can be used requires further research., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)