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Abstract Nephrotoxicity occurs when the body is exposed to certain drugs or toxins. When kidney damage occurs, the kidney fails to eliminate excess urine and waste. Solanesol (C45H74O) is a tri‐sesquiterpenoid alcohol first isolated from tobacco, and it is widely distributed in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solanesol (SNL) is an intermediate in the synthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an antioxidant which protects nerve cells. This study investigated the protective effect of SNL at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg in gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Animals were distributed into six groups and administered 100 mg/kg gentamicin‐intraperitoneal injection for 14 days. Biochemical assessments were performed on kidney homogenate, blood, and serum. Treatment with SNL was shown as lower serum levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and Tumor necrosis factor alpha)TNF‐α ((p

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective action of hordenine against the cognitive dysfunction induced by aluminium chloride (AlCl3) in Wistar rats Methodology: Rats were given oral doses of hordenine (25 and 50 mg/kg), donepezil (5 mg/kg), and AlCl3 (175 mg/kg) for 28 days. During the study, neurobehavioral parameters included Morris water maze (MWM), open field test (OFT), and novel object recognition test (NORT) to assess the cognitive effect. On the 29th day rats were sacrificed and brain tissues removed for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Results: AlCl3 rats exhibited altered neurobehavioral patterns and cognitive impairment in experimental rats. Although AlCl3 raised the levels of mid-brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrite, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-β (IL-β), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and it decreased the levels of antioxidants including glutathione (GSH), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and body weight. In cortical and hippocampal slices, AlCl3 also revealed anatomical alterations that resulted in a decrease in the density of microglia. But donepezil and hordenine reversed these alterations to normal while demonstrating a neuroprotective effect against AD which is caused by AlCl3. Conclusion: Hordenine improved memory and other cognitive functions, demonstrating a neuroprotective effect against AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's disease. These findings imply that hordenine may be able to reverse the effects of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, improve cognitive decline, and protect the brain's histological structure.

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective properties of Calendula Officinalis Linn. flower extract (COE) against mild cognitive decline and cognitive dysfunction induced by aluminium chloride (AlCl3) in experimental rats. Methodology: COE (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg p.o.) was given once daily following the treatment of AlCl3 (100 mg/kg p.o.) to male Wistar rats for 20 days. On the 1st, 10th, and 20th days, the walking track test, locomotor activity, and object recognition test were used as behaviour characteristics to assess spatial and non-spatial memory. On the 21st day, animals were sacrificed and brains removed for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Results: Calendula officinalis Linn. extract significantly attenuated the AlCl3-induced alterations in body weight, and motor coordination such as locomotion, stride length, and object recognition parameters. COE also reduced oxidative stress by increasing GSH, catalase, SOD, and decreasing TBARS levels. Calendula officinalis Linn. extract high dose showed most prominent therapeutic effects. P < 0.05 and mean ± SD were used to compare mean values with normal control, disease control, and high doses of Calendula officinalis Linn. extract. Discussion: Based on our study, oxidative stress has been proposed as a mechanism for AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity. We conclude that Calendula officinalis Linn. flower extract substantially decreased oxidative stress and behavioural alterations in rats treated with aluminium chloride. Calendula officinalis flowers may provide significant neuroprotective effects, potentially improving memory and learning abilities. Calendula officinalis Linn flower extract contains anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that might be responsible for its neuroprotective properties.