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Objective: Pregnant patients with psychiatric diagnoses are commonly advised to stop their psychiatric medications. Few studies assess the knowledge of, attitude toward, or comfort levels of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residents in managing psychiatric conditions, which carry adverse and potentially life-threatening risks to mother and fetus. A gap remains between evidence advocating for active psychopharmacological treatment during pregnancy and implementation of curricula targeting OB/GYN physicians in mental health. The authors' goals are to assess the knowledge, attitude, and comfort that OB/GYN residents have toward assessing and managing active psychiatric conditions in pregnant/postpartum women and to develop an educational, case-based intervention targeting these conditions in the perinatal/postpartum period., Methods: Eight perinatal/postpartum psychiatric topics were developed into interactive cases designed for OB/GYN residents. Two weeks before the curriculum administration, OB/GYN residents were surveyed on prior knowledge in, attitudes toward, and comfort levels in assessing and discussing psychiatric conditions in pregnant patients. The assessment was administered again after the intervention to assess its effectiveness., Results: Pre- (N = 19) and post-intervention (N = 15) surveys of residents were analyzed. Most residents (94%) felt it was both important and their responsibility to discuss mental health conditions with pregnant patients. Comfort levels with counseling psychiatric patients increased for all eight topics after the educational intervention was implemented, with statistically significant increases (p < 0.05) for five of the topics., Conclusions: OB/GYN residents feel responsible for caring for pregnant patients with psychiatric illness, and case-based interventions offer an interactive, helpful tool for increasing residents' knowledge and comfort level in treating this patient population., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Association of Chairs of Departments of Psychiatry, American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training, Association for Academic Psychiatry and Association of Directors of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry.)

Squeezed states are nonclassical resources of quantum cryptography and photonic quantum computing. The higher the squeeze factor, the greater the quantum advantage. Limitations are set by the effective nonlinearity of the pumped medium and energy loss on the squeezed states produced. Here, we experimentally analyze for the first time the multistep distillation of squeezed states that in the ideal case can approach an infinite squeeze factor. Heralded by the probabilistic subtraction of two photons, the first step increased our squeezing from 2.4 to 2.8 dB. The second step was a two-copy Gaussification, which we emulated. For this, we simultaneously measured orthogonal quadratures of the distilled state and found by probabilistic postprocessing an enhancement from 2.8 to 3.4 dB. Our new approach is able to increase the squeeze factor beyond the limit set by the effective nonlinearity of the pumped medium.

Mental health disorders are common and have a significantly negative impact on the health and well-being of women. For example, perinatal mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression are widely understood to be the most common complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Untreated mental health disorders are associated with significant obstetrical and psychiatric sequelae and have a long-lasting impact on neonatal and childhood outcomes. As front-line providers for women during times of elevated risk of psychiatric morbidity, such as pregnancy and postpartum, obstetricians and gynecologists are compelled to have familiarity with such disorders. Yet, a wide gap exists between the level of education in mental health disorders that obstetrician and gynecologist providers receive and the clinical need thereof. The objectives of this commentary are to describe the urgent need for mental health education for obstetricians and gynecologists providers and to introduce our vision for a concise, evidence-based and accessible set of digital educational materials designed to convey core concepts in women's reproductive mental health., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)