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L’analyse diachronique de documents aériens met en évidence des dynamiques forestières fort différentes dans deux vallées voisines du Haut Atlas central marocain (Aït Bou Guemez et Aït Bou Oulli) au cours de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Comment interpréter de telles différences dans ces vallées placées dans le même contexte montagnard et bioclimatique ? Trois séries chronologiques de données sont examinées dans le cadre d’une analyse synchronique et diachronique du système socioécologique : 1) la croissance démographique ; 2) l’accès au marché et la transformation des systèmes de production familiaux ; 3) le rôle tenu par les institutions gestionnaires de la forêt : institutions communautaires locales (agdals) et institution nationale (Service forestier). La pertinence de l’approche comparative repose sur des différences significatives entre les vallées : disponibilité des ressources forestières, accès au marché et processus de développement, fonctionnement des institutions gestionnaires. En conclusion, nous soulignons deux éléments pour la réorientation de la stratégie forestière du Maroc dans les régions de montagne : 1) la reconnaissance des capacités gestionnaires des communautés locales ; 2) la mise en place de dispositifs de médiation efficients dans les forêts ravagées par les conflits intercommunautaires. En insistant sur la fonction médiatrice et d’arbitrage du service forestier, il devient possible d’envisager une forme de complémentarité entre les deux modes d’intervention.

Les changements climatiques constituent une menace sérieuse pour les ressources pastorales, dégradant les parcours et impactant les populations qui en dépendent. Cette étude vise à identifier les stratégies d’adaptation des éleveurs face aux changements climatiques et à analyser leurs impacts sur la composante pastorale dans les systèmes d’élevage étudiés. Des entretiens semi-directifs et des ateliers participatifs ont été menés auprès de 28 éleveurs, permettant de recueillir des informations sur leurs pratiques et stratégies d’adaptation. Une analyse de l’occupation des sols de 1985 à 2020 a été réalisée pour comprendre les dynamiques de changement des pâturages, accompagnée d’une modélisation de l’évolution des ressources naturelles de 2020 à 2030, offrant une démarche prospective sur l’avenir des ressources pastorales à l’échelle communale. Les résultats ont révélé que les éleveurs tendent vers la sédentarisation en réponse aux sécheresses récurrentes, conduisant à la divergence du système d’élevage pastoral traditionnel en trois systèmes distincts : sédentaire, transhumant occasionnel et transhumant permanent. L’analyse de l’occupation des sols a montré que ces changements ont modifié l’occupation des pâturages. Le développement des infrastructures et des transports a facilité l’accès des transhumants à des parcours éloignés, couvrant ainsi jusqu’à 75 % des besoins alimentaires des ovins avec la végétation pastorale. Les éleveurs sédentarisés pratiquent une supplémentation alimentaire toute l’année, composée principalement de maïs, d’orge, de son de blé et de pulpe de betterave, avec une contribution significative des fourrages à la satisfaction des besoins des ovins (50 à 90 % des besoins). La sédentarisation et la diminution des points d’eau dans les parcours d’altitude contribuent à une surexploitation croissante des parcours de proximité. L’analyse prévisionnelle de l’évolution des ressources naturelles de 2020 à 2030 montre un endommagement irréversible de ces parcours sous les conditions et les pratiques actuelles, appelant à une réflexion approfondie sur des solutions durables pour préserver ces ressources.

Copyright of Algerian Journal of Arid Environment (AJAE) is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The High Atlas Mountains of Morocco are recognized as a global hotspot for rapid environmental change, but there is limited information about how communities and households are responding. Rural livelihoods that are dependent on agriculture are highly vulnerable to intensifying climate extremes, especially when these stressors intersect with long-term socioeconomic trends, including out-migration to urban centers. In 2022–2023, we carried out a a household survey and focus group discussions to understand the evolution of livelihood strategies in four Amazigh villages in Imegdal Commune in the western High Atlas. Results suggest that water shortages are causing cropping systems to simplify, as households stop planting some crop species and reduce the area planted of others. Households are also reducing livestock numbers in response to drought and reductions in labor availability created by migration. Other natural resource-based activities, including beekeeping and collecting wild herbs, are being abandoned. This study suggests that decreasing precipitation is rapidly undermining the viability of agricultural activities in the High Atlas. In the absence of viable adaptation strategies, this could lead to a profound restructuring of rural livelihoods across the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population characteristics of the Barbary sheep Ammotragus lervia, the only wild caprine in Northwest Africa, were investigated in a captive population located in a 150-ha fenced area within the Amassine reserve, Morocco, created for promoting wildlife watching tourism. We analysed the population trend during 20 years since the introduction of 10 individuals in 1999. Using direct counting in March-April 2016 to 2019, before herd dispersal, we assessed population size, age-sex structure, birth and survival rates. We estimated survival rates from mortality analysis using exponential regression models. The population size exhibited fluctuations over time expressed by significant exponential equations. We observed three successive phases corresponding each to a fast-growing period followed by a sharp decline. Estimated population density ranged from 0.25 to 0.41 ind. ha−1. Adult sex ratio varied from 67 to 91 rams per 100 ewes. Juveniles and subadults comprised 27–43 % of the population, and adults, rams and ewes, represented 26–31 % and, 29–45 %, respectively. Birth rate varied from 14 to 73 lambs per 100 ewes. The survival rate during the postnatal year approximated 35 %. For adult rams, it was around 69 % year−1. Our findings would be helpful for developing a sustainable population management plan, and assessing potential reintroduction/restocking in other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La coupe d'Aït Athmane est située dans la partie sud-est du Haut Atlas central, à environ 20 km au nord d'Errachidia. Sa série toarcienne, formée de marnes silteuses et de marno-calcaires, est riche en brachiopodes (rhynchonellidés et térébratulidés) dans sa partie inférieure, Toarcien inférieur (Zone à Levisoni ?) et moyen (Zones à Bifrons et Gradata ?) ; sa partie supérieure, d'âge Toarcien supérieur, est riche en térébratulidés. Parmi dix-huit taxons de brachiopodes répertoriés, six sont nouveaux pour le domaine du Haut Atlas central. Les associations de ces taxons et leur répartition stratigraphique sont semblables à celles des brachiopodes toarciens signalées dans plusieurs bassins des deux marges de la Téthys occidentale et du domaine subboréal, en particulier de l'ouest de la France. The Aït Athmane section is located in the eastern part of the central High Atlas, about 20 km north of Errachidia. Its Toarcian series consists of silty marl and silty marly limestone. Its lower part, of early (Levisoni Zone?) to middle Toarcian (Bifrons and Gradata? Zones) age, is rich in brachiopods (rhynchonellides and terebratulides). Its upper part, of late Toarcian age, is rich in terebratulids. Among eighteen reported brachiopod taxa, six are new for the central High Atlas. Their specific assemblages and stratigraphic distributions are similar to those of the Toarcian brachiopods reported from several basins of northern and southern margins of the Tethys and the Subboreal domain, particularly of western France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bou Dahar Pb-Zn district, located in the Moroccan High Atlas, is a typical carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn ore district (>30 Mt at 4 wt.% Pb, 4 wt.% Zn). In situ trace element analysis was performed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) on galena and cerussite from different ore types. The galena is generally enriched in Ag and Sb, secondarily enriched in Cu, with a trace amount of Cd and As, but extremely depleted in Bi and Tl. The main substitution mechanism in galena is (Ag, Cu)+ + Sb3+ ↔ 2Pb2+, and at high Sb concentrations, the further substitution of 2Sb3+ + □ ↔ 3Pb2+ (where □ represents a vacancy) took place. Micro-inclusions of Cu-Sb-bearing minerals (such as tetrahedrite) and Ag-bearing minerals (such as acanthite) may exist in some situations. The features of trace elements in galena show the existence of different coupled substitutions in vein-related ore, breccia-related ore, and strata-bound ore. This suggests that the Bou Dahar district experienced multistage mineralization. The MVT model alone cannot fully explain the ore-forming process. The cerussite replacing strata-bound galena is enriched in Sr, Ba, Ag, and Cu, with minor Sb, As, and Tl. Strontium and Ba are directly substituted with Pb in the cerussite lattice. Copper and Ag are likely present in cerussite as nano-inclusions, which differs from the coupled substitution mechanism of the original galena. High concentrations of Ag may occur due to minor electrum inclusions. The enrichment of Ag, Cu, and Au in cerussite during the oxidation process may guide the optimization of ore processing, especially in extracting valuable trace/minor elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue TED: Territoires, Environnement et Développement is the property of Universite Ibn Tofail and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we investigated the bacterial diversity and plant growth‐promoting (PGP) properties of bulk soil bacteria of Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana collected from the Taidalt and Amazloug nature preserves area in southern Morocco. Using repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting and 16S rDNA sequencing, 93 strains were identified. They belonged mainly to the genera Bacillus and Peribacillus. In vitro tests for PGP traits showed high levels of activity for strains belonging to the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas. It was relevant that several Bacillus strains produced auxin (maximum amount 262.61 µg mL−1 for Bacillus sp. LMR1097), solubilized phosphate (maximum amount 22.10 µg mL−1), or produced siderophores, while three strains were able to fix atmospheric nitrogen (LMR1145, LMR1013, and LMR1015). Inoculation of V. tortilis subsp. raddiana plants with selected bacterial strains (LMR881 and LMR1097) increased shoot and root growth parameters. The strain Pantoea sp. LMR881 had the highest mean values for shoot and root length (24.60–14.80 cm) and shoot dry weight (1.31 g), whereas Bacillus sp. LMR1097 showed the lowest mean shoot dry weight. Overall, these results highlight the potential of using selected native bacterial inoculants for improving growth of candidate tree plants to be used in restoration programs of arid degraded areas. Core Ideas: The study investigated the diversity of bacteria in the semiarid‐adapted legume.The study identified 93 strains of bacteria, mainly belonging to the genera Bacillus and Peribacillus.Inoculation of V. tortilis raddiana with certain bacterial strains significantly improved plant growth parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Site selection is very important for the successful artificial recharge of underground aquifers, and there are several existing methods for selecting potential sites for artificial recharge, but there are still gaps in the number of criteria involved and, the weight, assigned to each criterion. The aim of our study is to develop a methodology for characterizing the suitability of groundwater for artificial recharge, with a view to identifying the most favourable sectors for this operation, based on two stages: the first is theoretical; the second is for the application of this methodology to the underground aquifers of the Ziz basin. The success of this last stage required the availability and use of data in sufficient quantity and reliability relating, in particular, to climatic, geological, hydrological, and water quality parameters, as well as the results of artificial recharge experiments carried out by the Ziz basin agency, on the basin's water tables, particularly those of Rich. This research shows that evapotranspiration and precipitation parameters have a remarkable influence on the potential of the land for artificial aquifer recharge; it is, therefore, important to extend the potential distribution maps to detect the best surface water catchment area. We can clearly see that areas rich in surface water do not necessarily mean high groundwater potential for recharge and that several other factors determined by the methodology developed provide more reliable information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital era, highlighting the heritage resources of a mountainous region involves describing and advertising them to promote their visibility and attractiveness. Previous studies mainly assess the natural resources of such regions through a multi-indicator descriptive evaluation. This study aims to develop an effective evaluation of such indicators along the main tourist route of the M'Goun UNESCO Global Geopark, located in the central High Atlas of Morocco. The implementation of an experiential method to assess the tourism characteristics of this region is a notable aspect of our study. It includes analyzing the criteria for choosing this destination by segmenting tourists' consumption experiences. Statistical data analysis has identified five dimensions of destination choice and four visitor groups. Additionally, we created an interactive map and made it accessible online to promote the natural geoheritage of this region. This article proposes to discuss the findings of this research and their applicability in terms of tourism destination management and decision-making, which can assist local governments in allocating tourism resources and land use rationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inventorying and assessing geoheritage is a prerequisite for developing measures to preserve unique geological and geomorphological sites. Several researchers have developed methods for assessing and determining the value of geological and geomorphological sites. Given rapid environmental and climatic changes, it is crucial to improve the state of geoheritage assessment and inventory development. This overview presents an analysis of research on geoheritage assessment conducted in Morocco over the past 14 years (2008-2022). The objective is to provide an overview of the main methodological approaches. The analysis is based on a search of the Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify publications dealing mainly with Moroccan geoheritage sites. We find that most studies have concentrated on the identification and characterization of various geoheritage sites across the country, employing only the descriptive method. However, as the field has progressed, earth scientists are applying quantitative inventory and assessment methods, with some initiatives to propose new methods adapted to the Moroccan context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Marmoucha syncline is located in the eastern part of the Middle Atlas. In this syncline, the "Gypsum marls" (Bathonian-?Callovian) are covered by red detrital deposits which outcrop in Aït Bazza locality. The upper limit of these detrital deposits is below the transgressional unconformity of the Albian?-Cenomanian marine series. The present work introduces a synthesis of stratigraphical, sedimentological and micropalaeontological studies, which has led to new dating and to the identification of different depositional environments. These results have allowed us to define a new chrono-lithostratigraphic unit, the "Aït Bazza Formation", which comprises three superimposed members AB1-3 separated by two sedimentary discontinuities. This formation, exceeding 300 m in thickness, is formed by conglomerate, sandstone, sand and varicoloured marls. Micropalaeontological bulk sampling in marly horizons revealed associations of charophytes and ostracods, particularly in Member AB2. The charophytes are represented by oogonia of small Porocharaceae, Clavatoraceae such as Hemiglobator rectispirale, Dictyoclavator ramalhoi, and Nodosoclavator bradleyi that characterise the Tithonian. The ostracod microfauna is diverse, consisting of non-marine and lagoonal- shallow marine species at several horizons, associated with sea urchin spines and rare foraminifera, which indicate fluvio-deltaic sedimentary environments subjected to marine influences. This new age constraints of AB2 Mb to the Late Jurassic, and the discovery of marine influences in this eastern part of the folded Middle Atlas, consequently indicates the existence of palaeogeographical connections with the Tethyan domain located to the NE in the Rif foreland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the results of mapping and quantitatively estimating water erosion in the Oued Lakhdar basin using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS). The Oued Lakhdar basin is situated in the central High Atlas region, covers an area of 1638 km2, and is subjected to conditions that accelerate water erosion, including rugged topography, intense precipitation in the mountains, and significant human intervention. The analysis of the USLE results identified four primary levels of erosion: high (15–21 ts/he/yr), medium (10–15 ts/he/yr), low (5–10 ts/he/yr), and very low (0–5 ts/he/yr). This study demonstrates that USLE is a suitable method for estimating soil loss in a basin. The results can contribute to land-use planning and the prevention of water erosion, which is crucial to maintaining the health of ecosystems and communities that rely on agricultural land. Additionally, the results can assist the watershed managers of the Regional Directorate of Water and Forests and the Fight against Desertification of Beni Mellal in reducing the rate of erosion in the Oued Lakhdar basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslides present a significant hazard to human life, infrastructure, and property, particularly in mountainous regions. In Morocco, these risks have garnered increased attention due to their detrimental impact. This study seeks to model landslide susceptibility using three machine learning classifiers (MLCs): Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF), and Adaptive Boosting Classifier (AdaBoost), and compare their performance. Initially, 144 landslide sites were identified, and thirteen factors pertaining to landslides were considered. The models' performance was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). The findings reveal that AUC values range from 68.7% for AdaBoost to 82.2% for RF. The generated landslide susceptibility maps can aid decision-makers in avoiding areas with a high susceptibility to landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current case analysis aims to explore the spatio-temporal evolution of thuriferous juniper (Juniperus thurifera L.) forest formations on the El Houanet plateau within the Biological and Ecological Interest Site (BEIS) of Boutferda in Morocco, focusing on their vulnerability to extinction due to various complex reasons. Our research focused on the period from 1986 to 2022, conducting a meticulous assessment of the spatial changes observed over this chronology. To achieve these objectives, we adopted a diachronic approach, combined with a methodology supported by field examinations. We derived data, including climatic analysis and vegetation indices (NDVI and VCI), from LANDSAT 5 and 8 satellite imagery, enabling a detailed synthesis of the forest’s spatiotemporal changes. This analysis was further deepened by considering a range of parameters, including components of the physical environment, climatic variables, as well as anthropogenic influences, with the aim of refining our understanding of the dynamics governing these populations. Findings reveal significant impacts on various strata within this forest, reflecting both regressive and progressive changes that reshaped the landscape’s composition and structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Imini mining district (southern foreland of the intraplate Atlasic belt of Morocco) hosts the largest Mn resources of North Africa, consisting of two laterally extensive bodies of high-grade pyrolusite-rich manganese ore and a third discontinuous medium-grade coronadite-rich Mn ore in a ~ 10–15-m-thick Cenomanian–Turonian dolostone unit. Until now, the origin and timing of the Mn ore have been poorly constrained. New Pb isotopic ratios show that Triassic series (basalts and ferruginous sandstone) are likely the source of the metals. 40Ar/39Ar dating of K-Mn oxides shows that the Mn-rich orebodies formed during at least three periods: late Cretaceous to late Paleocene (> 58 Ma), late Eocene (ca. 36.3 Ma), and early Burdigalian to early Serravalian probably in two pulses at ca. 19–20 Ma and ca. 13 Ma. These periods coincide with three known building phases of the Atlasic relief during late Cretaceous, late Eocene, and the Early(?)-Middle Miocene. We therefore propose the Atlasic tectonics as the first-order control of the Mn mineralization. Periods with regionally high elevations modified the climate to wetter conditions that supplied meteoric water to feed temporary aquifers. Relief building created the required hydraulic head to sustain (1) fluid-rock interaction between O2-poor acidic fluids and the Triassic series, (2) migration of the metal-rich fluid, and (3) to overpressure fluid in the Imini depositional site. The decreasing thickness of Triassic series in front of the Imini anticline forced these low-temperature (< 100 °C) fluids to mix with oxygenated and alkaline ground waters in the karst system and precipitate Mn oxides. The N70°-oriented Atlasic tectonic structure controls the orientation of the Mn deposits. The late Eocene–Early/Middle Miocene uplifts generated additional supplies and/or in situ remobilization of the primary late Cretaceous medium-grade ore to form the high-grade pyrolusite-rich ore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using animals in sacrificial rituals and socio-religious ceremonies has a long history and is still practised in various cultures and religions worldwide. This phenomenon remains a complex issue, with deeply held cultural and religious beliefs on one side and concerns for animal welfare and ethical treatment on the other. This study aims to analyze the domestic and wild animals exploited for sacrificial practices and socio-religious purposes among the Moroccan and comprehend the symbolism of these practices. This fieldwork has been undertaken in various regions of Morocco, where we focused on visiting areas known to use animals in rituals. Ethnozoological data were gathered during field observations, visits to public markets, and our participation in ritual activities. A total of 128 wild and domestic animal species belonging to 62 zoological families were identified in this investigation as being used for various sacrificial rituals and socio-religious events. The documented animals were distributed among eight classes. It was demonstrated that the most frequently cited classes were Mammalia, with 40 species. The presence of local wildlife, cultural trends, and economic factors contribute to the sustainability and growth of the market for ritualistic animal products. However, the absence of effective monitoring and regulation poses a challenge from a conservationist standpoint. To conserve and responsibly utilize Morocco's fauna, it is crucial to possess comprehensive information about the animal species involved in sacrificial rituals and socio-religious events. By exploring folk knowledge and healthcare practices, we can gain deeper insights into human interactions with the surrounding ecosystem, leading to the development of suitable strategies for preserving natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is part of a reflective approach that examines and compares two popular geo-destinations in Moroccan Central High Atlas, the Aït Bouguemaz and Zaouiat Ahansal-Taghia valleys, using the Geosite Assessment Model (GAM). The model uses two indicators, main values and additional values, with 12 and 15 sub-indicators, respectively. The results show that the Aït Bouguemaz Valley has high main values (9.75) and moderate additional values (8.25), while the Zaouiat Ahansal-Taghia Valley has moderate main values (8) and additional values (5.25). This work shows that despite the high scientific and aesthetic values of these two geo-destinations, there is still much to be improved, especially concerning functional and tourism values, in particular, management and planning, as well as infrastructure as a basis for geotourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have developed methods for assessing attractiveness, but the question is which one should be used to evaluate geopark designated areas? Therefore, the aim of this study is to find suitable criteria for assessing the attractiveness of a natural area such as a geopark in order to find the best quantifiable method as a methodological guide to evaluate attractiveness. The principle of the methodology takes into account three facts: the use of available attractiveness methods elaborated over time, the UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp) geopark requirements, and a certified geopark (Haţeg UNESCO Global Geopark was chosen as etalon—benchmark), then matching these together. To this end, the following specific objectives have been set: (i) an inventory of factors used to estimate attractiveness; (ii) through analysis, identifying the appropriate evaluation criteria for the field (a set for criteria's SMART parameter, which can be clearly expressed, quantitatively measurable, and achievable); and (iii) developing a methodological guideline for geopark attractiveness assessment. The methodology is based on an analytical thinking approach, builds on the experience of existing methods, and stands out by the attributes matched to the UGGp's evaluation criteria using the certified geopark as a benchmark. The result itself presents a method for assessing the attractiveness of geoparks. The outcome offers the attractiveness suitability for new geopark-designated areas as well as for existing geoparks aspiring to UNESCO certification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Au Maroc, l’élevage demeure une activité fondamentale dans les réalisations du secteur agricole, encore plus dans les zones arides et semi-arides. En vue d’en évaluer les performances technico-économiques et leurs facteurs de variation, cette étude a été réalisée sur un échantillon de 35 exploitations agricoles dans les oasis de montagne au Maroc (communes de M’semrir et Tilmi – Haut Atlas central -). Cet échantillon reflète la diversité des situations locales, avec une répartition entre exploitations transhumantes et sédentaires situées à plus de 1 900 mètres d’altitude. Les résultats révèlent une forte mobilisation de la main-d’œuvre familiale pour les travaux d’astreinte, représentant près de 97,8 % du total des heures de travail liées au troupeau. Le temps dédié à ce travail varie significativement entre les élevages sédentaires et transhumants, avec en moyenne respectivement 98,5 et 436,5 jours par an. L’autonomie fourragère, évaluée à environ 47 % en moyenne, est dépendante de la surface agricole utile et la taille du cheptel. Les taux de reproduction (mise-bas et avortement) et de mortalité reflètent des contraintes importantes pour le développement de l’élevage dans la zone d’étude. Ils mettent en exergue l’impact de la sécheresse, des insuffisances alimentaires et de l’éloignement des éleveurs de leur troupeau. En termes de revenus, l’élevage génère en moyenne 1 545 DH par Unité de Gros Bétail (UGB). La rémunération du travail en élevage varie considérablement entre les éleveurs sédentaires et transhumants, avec une moyenne journalière de 48 DH, inférieure au salaire minimal agricole garanti (SMAG). Ces résultats soulignent une situation vulnérable, exacerbée par les effets du changement climatique, qui compromettent l’attractivité du travail en élevage en zone de montagne. La limitation des ressources naturelles impacte sérieusement la résilience de l’élevage et la création d’opportunités d’emploi décent. Des actions concertées sont nécessaires pour renforcer la durabilité de l’élevage dans ces régions et assurer des moyens de subsistance viables pour les communautés locales.

Wastewater from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) often requires further treatment before it can be safely reused. Lime is a common and affordable material used for this purpose, but its production can generate significant environmental impacts. This study developed an eco-friendly and effective lime substitute from eggshell waste for wastewater treatment. First, pre-treated wastewater effluent from WWTP El Jadida, Morocco, was collected and characterized. It was found that COD, BOD5, and TSS values showed non-conformity from Moroccan discharge standards, as well as high concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), silver (Ag), beryllium (Be), copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co). These pollutants represent a potential risk to human health and the environmental ecosystem. To reduce this pollution, the optimal mass of lime powder obtained by thermal treatment of eggshell waste was determined by testing a concentration series of 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 g·L-1. The findings confirmed that the addition of the optimal dose of prepared lime (24 g·L-1) resulted in a significant reduction in pollution parameters, with abatement rates of 77% for BOD5, 63% for COD and 66% for TSS, respectively. Furthermore, the eco-friendly lime substitute also showed promise in reducing the colorization rate for dyes by 84% and removing heavy metals through precipitation. However, the generated by-product loaded with toxic pollutants should be encapsulated in eco-materials to ensure safe operation and contribute to a sustainable management strategy for wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Tamoios is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Tazekka Variscan massif is formed by Meso-Cenozoic cover unconformably overlying the Paleozoic rocks recording polyphase tectonic stages contemporary with the emplacement of the magmatic system such as rhyolitic lavas and microdioritic dyke swarms attributed to the Upper Paleozoic tectonic phases and alkaline basaltic lavas attributed to Plio-Quaternary age. The mesostructural and tectonic analyses associated with paleo stress reconstruction are mainly based on the processing of tectonic measurement of slickensides fault planes with striation pitch determined by inversion of fault-slip data and allowed us to highlight the following tectono-magmatic events: (i) the Visean–Namurian phase is divided into two tectonic episodes. The first episode is characterized by NW–SE trending extension, while the second is marked by a relatively minor subhorizontal σ1 compressive axis oriented NE–SW (σ1–σ2 permutation). This latter episode controls the tectonic dislocation of Paleozoic rocks and the emplacement of a few rhyolitic lava flows along submeridian strike-slip faults; (ii) in the Stephanian–Permian age, the tectonic regime changes to a compressive stress state with a horizontal NE–SW trending σ1 axis and a horizontal NW–SE trending σ3 axis, which is what causes the development of NW–SE and NE–SW to ENE–WSW faults filled with microdioritic dyke swarms; (iii) the Permian–Lower-Middle Triassic period was marked by a compressive regime with a horizontal NNW–SSE to submeridian trending σ1 axis and a horizontal ENE–WSW to subequatorial trending σ3 axis, as well as NNE–SSW, WNW–ESE faults, and submeridian microdioritic tension gashes. The compression changes to WNW–ESE during the Vallesian or Lower Pliocene age. Early-Middle Quaternary is divided into two tectonic episodes with a σ1–σ2 axis permutation. Its axis changes from NNW–SSE associated with the ENE–WSW extension and is characterized by NE–SW faults affecting basaltic lavas. Subequatorial strike-slip faults, submeridian normal faults, and Late-Variscan brittle tectonic structures are mostly filled by basaltic lavas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stratigraphic distribution of the different faunal groups of the upper Cenomanian–lower Turonian deposits in the north Eastern Desert, Egypt, is investigated. Variations in species richness, faunal diversity, extinction and origination rates before, during, and after the globally known Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 2 are documented. The OAE2 interval is constrained by the first occurrence of the marker ammonite species Vascoceras cauvini and the last occurrence of Vascoceras proprium, along with the positive δ13C excursions, previously identified from the Wadi El-Burga section. A prominent decline in species richness and diversity, high extinction rates, and low origination rates of the recorded macrofaunal elements are reported during the OAE2 interval. Such faunal bottleneck was attributed to the prevailing major palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental perturbations during that time. Besides oceanic anoxia, changes in sea water palaeotemperature and sea level are discussed. It can be concluded that oceanic anoxia, warming, and /or transgressive episodes were the major driving mechanisms of the faunal crisis reported in the present work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]