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Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are a major global health concern, but their underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent research highlights the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), particularly ANRIL, in cardiovascular development and disease. ANRIL, located in the human genome's 9p21 region, significantly regulates cardiovascular pathogenesis. It controls nearby tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A/B through epigenetic pathways, influencing cell growth and senescence. ANRIL interacts with epigenetic modifiers, leading to altered histone modifications and gene expression changes. It also acts as a transcriptional regulator, impacting key genes in CVD development. ANRIL's involvement in cardiovascular epigenetic regulation suggests potential therapeutic strategies. Manipulating ANRIL and its associated epigenetic modifiers could offer new approaches to managing CVDs and preventing their progression. Dysregulation of ANRIL has been linked to various cardiovascular conditions, including coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. This abstract provides insights from recent research, emphasizing ANRIL's significance in the epigenetic landscape of cardiovascular disorders. By shedding light on ANRIL's role in cellular processes and disease development, the abstract highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for addressing CVDs., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Emulating biological synaptic behavior using an electrolyte-gated synaptic transistor (EGST) is promising for neuromorphic applications. EGSTs based on solid electrolytes exhibit excellent stability and compatibility with semiconductor manufacturing processes. In this work, lithium doped Gd2O3 (LiGdO) solid electrolyte was fabricated by a solution process, and the In2O3 EGST based on LiGdO solid electrolyte was integrated. The synaptic functions of the In2O3/LiGdO EGST were realized by the migration of lithium ions within the LiGdO electrolyte under gate bias. By modulating the presynaptic spike scheme, the basic functions of biological synapses, including the excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), short-term memory (STM), long-term memory (LTM), and high-pass filtering characteristics, were simulated. Based on the potentiation/depression characteristics of the channel conductance, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used for pattern recognition, and a high recognition accuracy of 93% was obtained for the In2O3/LiGdO EGST by simulation training. This study offers an opportunity to realize CMOS integration for EGSTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to its higher earth element reserve and similar chemical properties to lithium, potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have been regarded as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries. And considering the relatively larger ionic radius of potassium, available electrode materials need to be equipped with enough space for volume expansion during charge–discharge cycles, thus graphitic carbon nanomaterials with adjustable layer spacing gradually come into researcher's version. Here with copper nanowires serving as growth template and organic polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) providing carbon source, freestanding and ultra-light graphitic carbon nanotube (GCNT) aerogels were simply assembled and annealed, which were directly used as anodes of PIBs. Annealing parameters (temperature and atmosphere) were adapted to regulate the lattice order and interlayer spacing of GCNTs, and N, O heteroatoms derived from PVP were directly doped into the carbon lattice during thermal annealing, to optimize and enhance the cycle capacity and rate performance of GCNT anodes. The electrochemical potassium storage mechanism of GCNTs was also quantitatively analyzed. Most of the potassium ions are reversibly stored by squeezing into and escaping from the carbon lattice, and simultaneously oxygen-containing functional groups with different chemical states also offer active redox sites and dedicate partial capacity. Therefore, our assembled GCNTs with large lumen are expected to sandwich-like load with active substances efficiently, further constructing next-generation PIBs with excellent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accelerated evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and semiconductor technologies has fostered a mutually reinforcing relationship, whereby each technology has contributed to the advancement of the other. However, the advancement of semiconductor technology is currently hampered by the lateral scaling limitations of silicon-based transistors, creating a bottleneck for mutual advancement. Innovative channel materials capable of increasing transistor/cell density through vertical integration processes are required for continued advances in semiconductors and AI. Oxide semiconductors are prime candidates for back-end-of-line (BEOL)-compatible thin-film transistors (TFTs), which are essential for vertically stackable 3D device technologies due to their excellent electrical properties and compatibility with atomic layer deposition (ALD). In this review, we explore the latest developments in ALD-derived n- and p-type oxide TFTs, with a particular focus on performance enhancement strategies including composition modulation, interface and surface engineering, ion doping, and process control. The integration of oxide semiconductors via ALD is of the utmost importance for contemporary semiconductor devices, as it enables the implementation of vertical CMOS logic circuits and advanced memory technologies, including 3D-DRAM. Our findings indicate that ALD-derived oxide semiconductors have the potential to overcome current limitations and facilitate the development of the next generation of high-performance, vertically integrated semiconductor devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new carbazole-based donors (D), Ph2Cz and 2Ph2Cz, derived from the benchmark N,N′-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene (mCP) are blended with a triazine-centered acceptor (A), PO-T2T, to examine exciplex formation. The introduction of phenyl group(s) at C1 of the carbazole of mCP causes Ph2Cz and 2Ph2Cz to exhibit high-triplet states and excellent thermal stability. The red-shifted emission and delayed fluorescence observed in the Ph2Cz:PO-T2T and 2Ph2Cz:PO-T2T blends are a signature of exciplex formation with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics. The exciplex emission wavelength can be modulated by tuning the energy level at the D : A interface. The device with the Ph2Cz : PO-T2T (1 : 1) blend as the emissive layer (EML) exhibits an electroluminescence maximum wavelength (EL λmax) of 492 nm and external quantum efficiency maximum (EQEmax) of 8.51%, while the device employing the 2Ph2Cz : PO-T2T (1 : 1) blend as the EML exhibits an EL λmax of 504 nm and EQEmax of 8.51%. To further harness the excitons formed in the exciplex-forming blends, a π–A–π-type fluorescence emitter, NZDFT, was introduced as an emissive dopant. The good spectral overlap ensures efficient Förster energy transfer (FRET) between the exciplex-forming systems and the fluorescent dopant. The orange-red device employing the EML composed of 2 wt% NZDFT doped in the 2Ph2Cz : PO-T2T (1 : 2) co-host exhibits an EL λmax of 619 nm and EQEmax of 11.30%. Our study shows that the combination of an exciplex-forming blend as a co-host and a judiciously selected fluorescent dopant is an effective strategy for developing high-efficiency OLED devices with all fluorescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the potential broad application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (SSVF CWs) for heavy metal remediation, focusing on Chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) removal efficiency. A pilot-scale experimental setup was employed, utilizing a SSVF CW filled with 12 mm gravel and 2 mm coarse sand, planted with Phragmites Australis. The research, conducted over 366 days, aimed to develop a numerical approximation tool to predict the performance and applicability of SSVF CWs in various environmental conditions. The experimental system operated at a hydraulic loading rate of 98-111 mm=d and a hydraulic retention time of 6 days. Results showed average removal efficiencies of 44:87_9:52% for Cr and 43:16_9:43% for As. A mass balance analysis revealed that substrate accumulation was the primary mechanism for heavy metal removal, accounting for 29% of Cr and 26% of As removal. Plant uptake contributed to 3:5-9:9% of Cr and 0:3-8:8% of As removal. Based on these findings, a numerical model was developed to simulate SSVF CW performance under varying environmental and operational parameters. The model incorporated factors such as influent concentrations, hydraulic loading rates, substrate composition, and plant species. Validation against experimental data showed good agreement, with an R² value of 0.89. The numerical tool was then used to predict SSVF CW performance across a range of scenarios, indicating potential broad applications in industrial wastewater treatment, mine drainage remediation, and contaminated groundwater cleanup. This study provides valuable insights into the scalability and versatility of SSVF CWs for heavy metal removal, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for water treatment challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycrystalline α-Ga2O3 thin films containing secondary phase SnO were grown on BaF2 substrates by magnetron sputtering. The impurity tin concentration, electron concentration, and room temperature mobility of the α-Ga2O3 films are 4.5 × 1020 cm−3, 1.5 × 1015 cm−3, and 26.9 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry and Hall effect experiments. The mobility vs temperature dependence confirms that the electrons are mainly subject to polar optical phonon scattering and ionized impurity scattering in the temperature range of 160–400 K. Two ionization energies, 29 and 71 meV, were determined for different temperature ranges by logarithmic resistivity vs the reciprocal of temperature, where the former is the shallow donor SnGa formed by the incorporation of tin into gallium sites. The latter is the shallow acceptor VSn–H associated with secondary phase SnO, and it is the electrical compensation of this shallow acceptor that results in the very low carrier concentration of α-Ga2O3 films. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibits 280 and 320 nm UV radiation, where 280 nm is due to the radiation recombination of electrons trapped by the deep donor state (EC−1.1 eV) with holes trapped by the VSn–H complex. In addition, there are several narrow radiation peaks in the visible region, and the energy levels involved in the radiation transitions are determined one by one after excluding the effects of interference and diffraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a long time, fungi have been considered the richest source of bioactive metabolites with numerous applications. Hence, this study was performed to identify various bioactive compounds contained in the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus Aspergillus niger that isolates from infected garlic by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and their effect on seed germination of Zucchini. The current results showed a variety of bioactive compounds such as n-hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Methyl stearate, Benzoic acid, Hexamethyl-1,3,5-trithiane, and cis-aconitic anhydride with an area percentage of 15.37, 13.93, 6.87, 5.67, 4.75 and 3.59% respectively. The results were performed using the fungus extract that protected the zucchini seed from pathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani) when soaking for less than 72 h and promoted increased seed germination by high percentage ratio of seeding (66.67%, 80.00%, and 80.00%) respectively, radical length (66.67, 80.00 and 7.67), plumule length (4.67, 7.67 and 6.00) and Number of secondary roots (7.00,8.00 and 7.00) respectively compared with control treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromium is an essential element in various industrial processes, including stainless steel production, electroplating, metal finishing, leather tanning, photography, and textile manufacturing. However, it is also a well-documented contaminant of aquatic systems and agricultural land, posing significant economic and health challenges. The hexavalent form of chromium [Cr(VI)] is particularly toxic and carcinogenic, linked to severe health issues such as cancer, kidney disorders, liver failure, and environmental biomagnification. Due to the high risks associated with chromium contamination in potable water, researchers have focused on developing effective removal strategies. Among these strategies, biosorption has emerged as a promising, cost-effective, and energy-efficient method for eliminating toxic metals, especially chromium. This process utilizes agricultural waste, plants, algae, bacteria, fungi, and other biomass as adsorbents, demonstrating substantial potential for the remediation of heavy metals from contaminated environments at minimal cost. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of various strategies, materials, and mechanisms involved in the bioremediation of chromium, along with their commercial viability. It also highlights the advantages of biosorption over traditional chemical and physical methods, offering a thorough understanding of its applications and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg2Ni hydrogen storage alloy has the advantages of large hydrogen storage per unit mass, low price, and abundant resources, but there are shortcomings such as activation difficulties and poor kinetic performance. This paper improves the performance of Mg2Ni hydrogen storage alloy by adding Ti and Mn alloying elements. Mg1.6Ni1-xTi0.4Mnx (x = 0~0.3) hydrogen storage alloys with different Mn contents were prepared by the solid phase diffusion method. The physical structure and microscopic morphology of the prepared alloys were characterized using XRD and SEM techniques, and their charge/discharge and electrochemical properties were tested using a battery tester and an electrochemical workstation. The results show that the solid phase diffusion reaction of the prepared alloys resulted in the formation of the Mg phase with a layered structure, a Mg2Ni hydrogen storage phase, and intermetallic compounds Ni3Ti and Mg3MnNi2 phases. The presence of Ni3Ti and Mg3MnNi2 phases improved the activation properties and discharge capacity of the alloys. The alloys with Mn addition all reached the maximum discharge capacity at the first cycle. The maximum discharge capacity increased from 50.45 mAh/g without Mn addition to 96.67 mAh/g at x = 0.3. The maximum discharge capacity of the alloy increased to 165.52 mAh/g at 323 K. The maximum discharge capacity of the alloy increased from 50.45 mAh/g without Mn addition to 96.67 mAh/g. And its corrosion current density was reduced from 0.96 mA/g without Mn addition to 0.3 mA/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-temperature storage is currently the most widely employed preservation method, however, loquat is susceptible to chilling injury in low-temperature environment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of different gradient precooling combined with low-temperature storage (11→8 °C, 11→8→5 °C, 11→8→5→2 °C) on the storage quality of Dawuxing loquat compared to a control group at normal temperature (20 °C). Results showed that the 11→8→5 °C treatment significantly maintained the desirable appearance of loquat fruits, effectively inhibited the increase of browning degree, hardness, and lignin and malondialdehyde contents. Moreover, it prevented a decrease in soluble solid, titritable acidity, ascorbic acid, and juice percentage in fruits. Additionally, this treatment kept the ... production rate and the content of H2 O2 at a low level, inhibited the increase of the activities of phenylalamine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase, but maintained the high activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase. Consequently, the 11→ 8→5 °C treatment can effectively prolong the storage life of loquat, avoid chilling injury, and maintain good postharvest quality. This study aims to explore the feasibility of combining gradient precooling with low-temperature storage for loquat preservation while providing theoretical basis and technical support for postharvest storage practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low temperature storage is widely used for storage and transportation of fruits and vegetables after harvest. As a cold-sensitive fruit vegetable, post-harvest solanaceous vegetables and fruits are susceptible to chilling injury during low temperature storage, which reduces its sensory quality and edible quality and shortens its storage period, thus leading to huge economic losses. Therefore, it is an essential to clarify the occurrence mechanism of chilling injury caused by low temperature storage in solanaceous vegetables and fruits, and to propose corresponding prevention and control measures for chilling injury. In recent years, a series of progress has been made in the research on chilling injury prevention and control and low temperature stress tolerance of solanaceous vegetables and fruits. This paper describes the chilling injury symptoms of postharvest solanaceous vegetables and fruits, clarifies the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in the chilling injury process, the molecular mechanisms, and prevention and control measures, and summarizes the latest research advancements on chilling injury and chilling tolerance regulation of solanaceous vegetables and fruits, which can provide valuable references for low temperature storage and chilling injury prevention and control measures of solanaceous vegetables and fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To investigate the effects of various types of farmland shelterbelts on soil quality and soil bacterial community diversity, this study focused on soil samples from four different shelterbelt types in the Alaer reclamation area, including Populus euphratica Oliv.- Populus tomentosa Carrière (PP), Elaeagnus angustifolia L.- Populus euphratica Oliv. (EP), Populus alba var. pyramidalis Bunge (P), and Salix babylonica L. (S). We analyzed their physical, chemical, biological properties as well as the differences in bacterial community structure, and explored the influencing factors on soil microbial community characteristics through microbial correlation network analysis. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in soil properties among the four types of farmland shelterbelts (p < 0.05), with P soils exhibiting the highest levels of organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents. (2) The Alpha diversity indices of soil bacteria showed significant differences among the four types of farmland shelterbelts (p < 0.05), with the P soils displayed the highest Chao1 and Shannon indices. (3) There were differences in the composition and abundance of dominant soil bacterial communities among different farmland shelterbelts, notably, the abundances of Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes were significantly higher in P soils compared to the other three types. (4) The complexity of the correlation network between microbial species and environmental factors was highest in EP soils, soil microbial biomass nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main influencing factors. These findings indicated that different types of farmland shelterbelts had significant impacts on soil properties and soil bacterial communities. Soil bacterial communities were regulated by soil properties, their changes reflected a combined effect of soil characteristics and tree species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effect of adding cellulase and laccase on fermentation quality and microbial community in mixed silage of corn stover and wet brewer's grains. Try to a new approach for the proper preservation and utilization of the agro-industrial by-products (corn stover and wet brewer's grains). Methods: The experiment was divided into four groups: CK (control), C (cellulase, 120 U/g fresh matter [FM]), L (laccase, 50 U/g FM), CL (cellulase 120 U/g FW and laccase 50 U/g FM), and the chemical composition, fermentation quality, microbial population and microbial community in mixed silage of corn stover and wet brewer's grains after 30 day's fermentation were determined. Results: Compared to control, the addition of cellulase significantly increased crude protein (CP), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts, while significantly decreased the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) content (P < 0.05). Adding laccase significantly decreased the acid detergent lignin (ADL) content (P < 0.05). Combined application of cellulase and laccase significantly increased the CP, WSC content and LAB counts, while significantly decreased pH value, NDF, ADF and ADL content (P < 0.05), thereby improving fermentation quality. In addition, the application of cellulase and laccase increased the abundance of Firmicutes and LAB genera, and decreased microbial diversity level of the sample. Conclusion: The combined application of cellulase and laccase further improved fermentation quality and microbial community in mixed silage of corn stover and wet brewer's grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green concrete utilizes industrial waste resources as fine and coarse aggregates, to partially replace cement in concrete using supplemental cementitious materials. The primary goal of the present study was to explore the acid durability of green concretes with different compressive strengths of 30 and 40 MPa. In green concrete, fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were adopted as SCMs, and quarry dust (QD) and recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) were adopted as replacements for fine and coarse aggregates, respectively. The acid durability assessment was carried out by immersing concrete cubes in H2SO4 and HCl solutions followed by residual compressive strength comparison. For comparative study purposes, the same grades of ordinary concrete were prepared, tested, and subjected to similar acid exposure. The microstructural investigation was also accomplished by employing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that concrete with 30% GGBS and 20% fly ash and the remaining 50% ordinary portland cement as cementitious materials along with 40% QD and 30% RCA as aggregate replacements gives adequate compressive strength and performs better in aggressive environments as compared to traditional concrete. These mixes were found to have denser microstructures with silica-rich, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrimp and crab shells are the most promising and viable source of raw material for the manufacturing of chitin and its derivatives. In-depth understanding of the biological properties of chitin and scientific advancements in the field of nanotechnology have enabled the development of high-performance chitin nanomaterials. Nanoscale chitin is of great economic value as a functional and reinforcement material for a wide range of applications including water purification. The use of nano-chitin to produce (bio) nanocomposites offers a good opportunity to prepare membrane materials with enhanced functional and structural properties. Chitosan-based membranes are found to be effective in water purification for the removal of pollutants like organic wastes, heavy metals, antibiotics, pathogenic microbes and acid waste. These membranes are environmentally friendly and can be used as a method to reduce humic acid waste from the aquatic environment. This review focuses on the preparation, characterization and chemical modification of nano chitin membrane and its application for water purification and water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on discussions on extracurricular activities in interviews with eight students in elite secondary schools, this article aims to understand the experiences of young people navigating aspirations and identifications in the postcolonial, globalising context of Lahore, Pakistan. In this study, extracurricular activities are conceptualised as spatial and commodification practices of elite schools. A focus on third spaces and their relationship with cultural and structural influences is preferred for understanding students' experiences. Inductive thematic analysis led to three themes: students' reasons for participation and the role participation plays in accessing particular pathways; the role school administration plays in organising activities and popular selection criteria; and lastly, the ongoing negotiation with parents regarding participation and the social expectations of a student's behaviour. The study aims to offer an in-depth understanding of students' experiences in this context by raising significant questions while contributing to conversations pertaining to social justice, inequality, and mental wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consideration of crop yield variability caused by long-term climate change offers a way to quantify the interplay between climate change, crop growth, and yield. This study employed the APSIM model to simulate the potential winter wheat yield under varying climate scenarios in 1961–2100 in the Loess Plateau. It also evaluated the long-term response and adaptation differences of winter wheat yield to climate change. The results show that there is a slight downward trend in inter-annual precipitation during the winter wheat growth period, with a reduction of −2.38 mm·decade−1 under the S245 scenario (abbreviated SSP2-4.5) and −2.74 mm·decade−1 under the S585 scenario (abbreviated SSP5-8.5). Interestingly, the actual yield of winter wheat was positively correlated with precipitation during the growth period but not with temperature. By contrast, climatic yield exhibits a significant correlation with both factors, suggesting that future crop yield will largely depend on its sensitivity to climate change. In addition, climate change may marginally improve yield stability, although regional variations are evident. Notably, potential yields in water-restricted areas, such as Qinghai and Gansu, are significantly influenced by precipitation. This study provides an important reference for formulating long-term adaptation strategies to enhance the resilience of agricultural production against climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by a variety of factors, and one of the most important factors is gut microbiota dysbiosis. An imbalance in the gut mincrobiota have been shown to change the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and short‐chain fatty acids. These microorganisms synthesize substances that can influence the levels of a variety of metabolites and cause multiple diseases through the immune response, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, these metabolic changes promote the formation of β‐amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Thus, the microbiota–gut–brain axis plays an important role in AD development. In addition to traditional therapeutic drugs such as donepezil and memantine, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have also showed to significantly decrease the severity of AD symptoms and suppress the underlying related mechanisms. We searched for studies on the effects of different herbal monomers, single herbs, and polyherbal formulas on the gut microbiota of AD patients and identified the relevant pathways through which the gut microbiota affected AD. We conclude that improvements in the gut microbiota not only decrease the occurrence of inflammatory reactions but also reduce the deposition of central pathological products. Herbal monomers have a stronger effect on improving of central pathology. Polyherbal formulas have the most extensive effect on the gut microbiota in patients with AD. Among the effects of formulas, the anti‐inflammatory effect is the most essential and is also the main concern regarding the use of TCMs in treating AD from the viewpoint of the gut microbiota. We hope that this review will be helpful for providing new ideas for the clinical application of TCMs in the treatment of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vietnamese balm (Elsholtzia ciliata) is a prominent herb in Vietnamese traditional medicine. This study investigated the impact of Vietnamese balm leaf essential oils on the growth of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) in the juvenile stage. Essential oils were extracted using steam distillation, following European Pharmacopoeia guidelines. Gas chromatographymass spectrometry identified the essential oil components. The experiment encompassed three treatments: 0% (control), 3%, and 5% of Vietnamese balm leaf essential oils in a completely randomized design. The results demonstrated a time and dose-dependent modulation of striped catfish growth by the essential oils. Diets enriched with 5% Vietnamese balm leaf essential oils significantly enhanced survival rate and growth, indicating potential as a fish feed additive. The essential oil yield was 0.83% dry weight, with major components including (Z)-ß-Farnesene (24.02%), neral (15.06%), geranial (15.02%), and ß-ocimene (13.61%). Additionally, the study emphasized the growth-promoting effects of herbal extracts on various growth parameters. Further investigations should explore the impact of Vietnamese balm essential oil on catfish immune response and disease resistance, providing a comprehensive understanding of its potential benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of catalytic carbonylation reactions has increased considerably. Although many reviews/chapters/books on carbonylation reactions have been published, summaries on cheap metal-catalyzed catalytic carbonylation reactions of aryl halides and other chemical bonds with high dissociation energy C-Y (Y = O, N, H) are still very rare. Focusing on green and sustainable chemistry, this review summarizes and discusses the achievements on carbonylative transformations of aryl halides (C(sp2)-X) and strong bonds C-Y (Y = O, N, H) based on non-expensive metal catalysts (Co, Mn, Mo, Ni, Fe, Cu), photochemical and electrochemical systems developed in recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the resistive switching (RS) behavior of Cu/ZnO/ITO devices subjected to various rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperatures under vacuum. Current–voltage characteristics reveal that following the application of a positive electroforming voltage, both unannealed ZnO films and those annealed at 200 °C exhibit bipolar RS, consistent with the electrochemical metallization mechanism (ECM). However, films annealed at higher temperatures exhibit RS with both positive and negative electroforming threshold voltages and coexistence of switching in both polarities. Ultimately, these films display RS behavior aligned with the valence change mechanism (VCM), dominated by a negative electroforming voltage and RS on the negative bias side, while positive electroforming voltage and RS vanish for films annealed at 600 °C. Curve fitting analysis was conducted for Schottky emission (SE), space-charge limited current, and Poole–Frenkel (PF) emission mechanisms, with SE and PF emission providing better fits. These results demonstrate the tunability of ECM and VCM RS modes and the polarity of the forming bias, underscoring the potential of vacuum RTA in advancing ZnO-based memory device development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive coatings play a crucial role in enhancing the osseointegration of titanium implants for bone repair. Electrodeposition offers a versatile and efficient technique to deposit uniform coatings onto titanium surfaces, endowing implants with antibacterial properties, controlled drug release, enhanced osteoblast adhesion, and even smart responsiveness. This review summarizes the recent advancements in bioactive coatings for titanium implants used in bone repair, focusing on various electrodeposition strategies based on material-structure synergy. Firstly, it outlines different titanium implant materials and bioactive coating materials suitable for bone repair. Then, it introduces various electrodeposition methods, including electrophoretic deposition, anodization, micro-arc oxidation, electrochemical etching, electrochemical polymerization, and electrochemical deposition, discussing their applications in antibacterial, osteogenic, drug delivery, and smart responsiveness. Finally, it discusses the challenges encountered in the electrodeposition of coatings for titanium implants in bone repair and potential solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To gain insights into the spectroscopy characteristics from coal to graphite, we investigated different metamorphic degrees of coal-based graphite which were collected from Hunan Province China. In this paper, by means of Xray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, graphite with different metamorphism degrees has been characterized to explore the evolution of macromolecular structure of organic matter during graphitization. The results show that with the increase of metamorphism degree, the 002-diffraction peak of the series of samples gradually shrinks and narrows, and the peak intensity becomes stronger, indicating that the microcrystalline structure gradually becomes regular and ordered. As the degree of graphitization increase, the uniformity of particle size in coal samples observed gradually increases, and the morphology becomes more regular, transitioning from disordered and irregular shapes to a structured large-scale flake pattern. The crystallinity improves, and the massive coal particles gradually coalesce into large plate crystals, with the inter-particle pores gradually closing. The graphite structure becomes increasingly evident. The FTIR spectra show that as the degree of graphitization increases, the peak at 1,581 cm-1 corresponding to C=C vibrations gradually intensifies. Some inert functional groups are retained throughout the graphitization process. The pores between coal particles gradually close, and the morphology of graphite particles becomes more regular and ordered. Additionally, during the graphitization process, structures similar to carbon nanotubes may develop. Throughout the structural transformation from coal macromolecules to graphite crystals, the size of the sp2 planar domains in single-layer graphene increases, and the lattice structure of carbon atoms gradually enlarges. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the properties and characteristics of coal-derived graphite, and can provide theoretical reference and basis for the metallogenic mechanism of coal-derived graphite and the efficient utilization of coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences is the property of Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences (TUJNS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Layered 2D materials with grain boundaries (GBs) hold promise for various applications. Despite considerable progress, deliberately introducing GBs remains a challenge during 2D material growth. In this study, we explored the significance of GBs in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (ML MoS2) in optoelectronic functionalities such as photodetection, photonic synaptic behaviours, and adaptive learning analogous to the brain. Our comparative analysis revealed that GB-free MoS2 devices demonstrated a superior photodetector performance, featuring a remarkably high dark-to-light current ratio of 105 at −1.0 V, with responsivity reaching 10 A W−1, detectivity soaring to 1015 W−1, and a noise equivalent power of about 10−16 W √Hz−1, outperforming devices containing GBs. Moreover, GBs significantly delayed the response speed, indicating the prevalence of persistent photoconductance. Conversely, GBs facilitated the replication of various optoelectronic synaptic behaviors and adaptive learning of the brain. Our experimental results uncovered the sharp and robust atomic stitching of MoS2 domains at GBs, which act as charge carrier recombination centers due to the presence of defects. Notably, GBs induced a barrier within the energy bands by shrinking the bandgap, hindering the flow of photogenerated carriers. We systematically elucidated this phenomenon through energy band diagrams and electrostatic force microscopy results from biased samples under illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic fluorescent semiconductors are highly desired for the advancement of integrated optoelectronic devices, such as organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs), electrically pumped organic lasers (EPOLs), and so on. Thanks to the joint efforts of chemists and materials scientists, rapid developments of small-molecule organic fluorescent semiconductors have been witnessed in recent years. The optoelectronic properties have been greatly improved and several small-molecule organic fluorescent semiconductors with excellent comprehensive performances (mobility > 1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1 and photoluminescence quantum yield efficiency (PLQY) > 20%) have emerged. The material database has also been greatly enriched in recent years including anthracene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, thiophene/phenylene co-oligomers (TPCOs), distyrylbenzene derivatives, etc. Therefore, it is timely and of great significance to summarize the recent advances in small-molecule organic fluorescent semiconductors to offer some hints for researchers in this field. In this review, we first highlight the aggregation structures, different types, recent research progress and design strategies of small-molecule organic fluorescent semiconductors. Then, we will briefly introduce the recent achievements in optoelectronic applications of small-molecule organic fluorescent semiconductors. Finally, we will give a conclusion and outlook about the challenges and opportunities for the future development of small-molecule organic fluorescent semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold nanostructures (AuNSs) were used to fabricate surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates. These AuNSs were produced using the solid-state dewetting method from thin films. The fragmentation process was studied at 300 °C, with durations of thermal treatment of 1, 3, 6, and 12 h. These SERS substrates were then employed to detect Rhodamine B (RhB) as the model analyte, simulating a contaminant in the water at a concentration of 5 ppm. The morphology of the AuNSs was examined using SEM, which revealed a spheroidal shape that began to coalesce at 12 h. The size of the AuNSs was estimated to range from 22 ± 7 to 24 ± 6 nm, depending on the annealing time. The localized surface plasmon resonance of the AuNSs was determined using absorption spectroscopy, showing a shift as the annealing time increased. The SERS signals of RhB adsorbed on the AuNS substrates were validated by performing a 10 × 10 point map scan over each sample surface (1, 3, 6, and 12 h), and a comparative analysis showed no significant differences in the positions of the bands; however, variations in intensity enhancement ranged from 5 to 123 times at 6 and 1 h, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical conductimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to investigate the aggregation behaviors of four amino acid-based surfactants (AABSs; undecanoyl-glycine, undecanoyl-l-alanine, undecanoyl-l-valine, undecanoyl-l-leucine) in the presence of five linear diamine counterions (1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane). Electrical conductimetry was used to measure the CMCs for each system, which ranged from 5.1 to 22.5 mM. With respect to counterions, the obtained CMCs decreased with increases in the interamine spacer length; this was attributed to the improved torsional binding flexibility in longer counterions. Strong linear correlations (mean R2 = 0.9443) were observed between the CMCs and predicted surfactant partition coefficients (logP; water/octanol), suggesting that micellization is primarily driven by the AABS's hydrophobicity for these systems. However, significant deviations in this linear relationship were observed for systems containing 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,4-diaminobutane, and 1,6-diaminohexane (p = 0.0774), suggesting altered binding dynamics for these counterions. pH measurements during the CMC determination experiments indicated the full deprotonation of the AABSs but did not give clear insights into the counterion protonation states, thus yielding an inconclusive evaluation of their charge stabilization effects during binding. However, DLS measurements revealed that the micellar size remained largely independent of the counterion length for counterions longer than 1,2-diaminoethane, with hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 2.2 to 2.8 nm. This was explained by the formation of charge-stabilized noncovalent dimers, with each counterion bearing a full +2 charge. Conductimetry-based estimates of the degrees of counterion binding (β) and free energies of micellization (ΔG°M) revealed that bulky AABSs exhibit preferential binding to counterions with an even number of methylene groups. It is proposed that when these counterions form noncovalent dimers, perturbations in their natural geometries result in the formation of a binding pocket that accommodates the AABS steric bulk. While the direct application of these systems remains to be seen, this study provides valuable insights into the structure–property relationships that govern AABS aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that generates gametes for sexual reproduction. However, the factors and underlying mechanisms involving meiotic progression remain largely unknown, especially in humans. Here, it is first showed that HSF5 is associated with human spermatogenesis. Patients with a pathogenic variant of HSF5 are completely infertile. Testicular histologic findings in the patients reveal rare postmeiotic germ cells resulting from meiotic prophase I arrest. Hsf5 knockout (KO) mice confirms that the loss of HSF5 causes defects in meiotic recombination, crossover formation, sex chromosome synapsis, and sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), which may contribute to spermatocyte arrest at the late pachytene stage. Importantly, spermatogenic arrest can be rescued by compensatory HSF5 adeno‐associated virus injection into KO mouse testes. Mechanistically, integrated analysis of RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data revealed that HSF5 predominantly binds to promoters of key genes involved in crossover formation (e.g., HFM1, MSH5 and MLH3), synapsis (e.g., SYCP1, SYCP2 and SYCE3), recombination (TEX15), and MSCI (MDC1) and further regulates their transcription during meiotic progression. Taken together, the study demonstrates that HSF5 modulates the transcriptome to ensure meiotic progression in humans and mice. These findings will aid in genetic diagnosis of and potential treatments for male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the storage conditions for pumpkin puree at cold temperature to ensure safety and prolong the shelf life. The study aimed to observe the changes in physio-chemical and microbial aspects at different potassium sorbate (0, 0.05, and 0.1 %), and ascorbic acid (0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 %) concentrations during the storage at 10 ± 2 °C. The results showed that puree processed without potassium sorbate had a shelf life of 3 d, while the combination of 0.05 % potassium sorbate and 0.05 % ascorbic acid in puree could extend the shelf life of puree up to 9 d at 10 ± 2 °C. Total carotenoids content (16.72 ± 4.21 mg%), water activity (0.91 ± 0.01), and the total aerobic microorganism (3.64 ± 0.28 log CFU/g), yeast, molds, and E.coli/Coliforms were not observed in puree pumpkin over nine d of storage. The results also illustrated that microbial growth was the leading cause of puree quality degradation, spoilage, and short shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Industrialization increases day by day and hence the demand of Cr (VI) compounds are also increased in tanning, electroplating, printing and in dyeing industries, which has resulted in considerable amounts of waste containing Cr(VI) being emitted. Environmental scientists are quite concerned about how much Cr(VI) is present in water since it creates a severe harm to the ecosystem and humans. Because of their functional diversity, high efficacy, economic viability, and simplicity of technical operation, low-cost biosorbents made of lignocellulosic biomasses have drawn attention for elimination of Cr(VI). One versatile and efficient approach to address Cr(VI) pollution is through the use of lignocellulosic materials, for biosorption. Within this comprehensive review, we conduct an impartial evaluation of the biosorption capabilities of various lignocellulosic biosorbents, while also examining the underlying mechanisms involved in the biosorption process by focusing on crucial variables including pH, contact time, dosage, and temperature. In addition, we assemble a list of investigated lignocellulose-based biosorbents that may be beneficial. In addition to offering our recommendations for future views, the review's objective is to highlight existing trends, potential study areas, and obstacles to the practical use of the biosorption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines resistive switching in a Cu/ZnO/ITO structure, uncovering an anomalous phenomenon that provides insights into the mechanisms of parallel conducting filaments in ZnO thin films. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics exhibit a sharp switch at a positive threshold voltage around 2 V, transitioning from a high resistance pristine state to a low resistance state, interpreted as the formation of a Cu filament via electrochemical metallization. However, after this forming process, the device remains in the low resistance state and cannot reset to a high resistance state in either polarity of the applied voltage, suggesting the presence of a strong, unbreakable Cu filament after the forming process. What makes this phenomenon anomalous is the observed weak bipolar resistive switching in the cycles following the forming cycle, despite the presence of the Cu filament. The I–V characteristics of forward- and reverse-bias sweeps suggest that the weak bipolar resistive switching results from an additional filament formed in parallel with the existing unbreakable Cu filament. Using a parallel conducting filaments model, the resistivity of this additional filament is calculated to be ∼10−7–10−5 Ω m, indicating that this filament is likely generated by oxygen vacancies rather than metal atoms in the ZnO films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐cermet solar selective absorber films (SSAFs) with nanoparticles embedded in dielectric matrix have been widely used in the field of solar thermal conversion. A new SSAF of TiAlN is fabricated via magnetron sputtering method. By co‐sputtering Ti and Al targets, TiAl nanoparticles are embedded in AlN matrix to form self‐doped absorber layer. And the outermost rough AlN antireflective layer further enhances the optical properties due to the optical trapping effect, as well as the heating crack extension resistance of the surface. As a result, the as‐grown SSAF displays high absorptance reaching up to 0.92 and low thermal emittance of 0.05. The selective absorption mechanism endowed by synergetic effect of intrinsic absorption and multilayers' interference is discussed. The SSAFs optical property is stable in open‐air up to 650 °C, indicating their enormous potential for high‐temperature solar selective applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By employing a mixed SnO2 + Sn source, we demonstrate suboxide molecular beam epitaxy (S-MBE) growth of phase-pure single-crystalline metastable SnO (001) thin films on Y-stabilized ZrO2 (001) substrates at a growth rate of ∼1.0 nm/min without the need for additional oxygen. These films grow epitaxially across a wide substrate temperature range from 150 to 450 °C. Hence, we present an alternative pathway to overcome the limitations of high Sn or SnO2 cell temperatures and narrow growth windows encountered in previous MBE growth of metastable SnO. In situ laser reflectometry and line-of-sight quadrupole mass spectrometry were used to investigate the rate of SnO desorption as a function of substrate temperature. While SnO ad-molecule desorption at TS = 450 °C was growth-rate limiting, the SnO films did not desorb at this temperature after growth in vacuum. The SnO (001) thin films are transparent and unintentionally p-type doped, with hole concentrations and mobilities in the range of 0.9–6.0 × 1018 cm−3 and 2.0–5.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. These p-type SnO films obtained at low substrate temperatures are promising for back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible applications and for integration with n-type oxides in pn heterojunctions and field-effect transistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the development of light-emitting dendrimers with heteroleptic or homoleptic iridium(III) complexes at the core, with one, two, or three first- or second-generation biphenyl-based dendrons attached to the 2-phenylpyridyl ligand that is involved in the emission of light. The 5-phenyl-1-methyl3-n-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole co-ligand was not dendronised and was not involved in the emission process. The dendrimers with two emissive ligands were found to have the highest solution photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) which were greater than 90% independent of the dendrimer generation. The second-generation dendrimers were all found to have higher neat film PLQYs than their first-generation counterparts due to the increased shielding of the emissive core by the dendrons and surface groups. The maximum external quantum efficiencies of devices made from the neat film and a guest:host blend of the second-generation dendrimer with two emissive ligands were found to be the highest (7.5% and 15.8%, respectively), which was attributed to a balance between the interactions required for charge transport and minimising those that lead to non-radiative processes. Thus, we have demonstrated that combining dendrimer generation and number of emissive dendronised ligands is a viable strategy for optimising light-emitting dendrimer OLED performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing transparent p-type oxide semiconductors has been a long-standing subject of interest for optoelectronic devices, but it has been hindered by the strongly localized valence band (VB) structure intrinsic to metal oxides. Sn2+ oxides represented by SnO are proposed as promising p-type semiconductors since the Sn 5s2 state could help to alleviate the carrier localization at the VB. In this work, using a combination of X-ray spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we explore the electronic structures of Sn2+-based Sn2Nb2O7 and Sn2Ta2O7 pyrochlores as wide bandgap p-type oxide semiconductors. Our results show that Sn2Nb2O7 and Sn2Ta2O7 have large optical bandgaps of 2.8 eV and 3.4 eV, respectively, and better chemical stability over SnO. Both the experimental and theoretical calculations verified the presence of Sn 5s2 states at the top of the VB of Sn2Nb2O7 and Sn2Ta2O7, and the Sn 5s2 states increase the VB dispersion and result in lower hole effective masses of 2.09 me and 2.23 me for Sn2Nb2O7 and Sn2Ta2O7, respectively, but work less effectively than that for SnO. The different VB features originate from the varied Sn–O interactions influenced by crystal structures. The lattice distortions in SnO allow hybridization between Sn 5p orbitals with occupied (Sn 5s–O 2p)* states, forming asymmetrically distributed electronic states with enhanced dispersion. However, in Sn2Nb2O7 and Sn2Ta2O7, these interactions are forbidden by their cubic symmetry and lead to less-dispersive electronic states. Increasing lattice distortions in Sn2Nb2O7 and Sn2Ta2O7 would be necessary to achieve higher hole mobilities. Our findings elucidate the microscopic origins of the optoelectronic properties of tin (II) pyrochlore oxides, highlighting the significant role of synergistic valence band modulation and crystal structural design in advancing high-performance p-type oxide semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light‐triggered synaptic plasticity (LTSP) induced by electron trapping in organic photoelectric synaptic transistors (OPSTs) offers potential prospects in neuromorphic wearable artificial intelligence. However, a consistent and universal comprehend for LTSP behaviors especially on oxygen effect in OPSTs is still a critical challenge hindering their practical applications. A mechanism on strong dependency between the oxygen‐induced and polar‐group electron trapping in OPSTs, is successfully unveiled in this study for the first time. And the interaction between the oxygen and polar dielectric interface can be enhanced by properly modulating the specific surface area of thin‐film semiconductors. This effectively binds the oxygen near conducting channel and further improves the trapping efficiency for photogenerated electrons, undergoing the time‐dependent photocurrent generation and subsequent prolonged decay, forming the typical LTSP behaviors. These experimental demonstrations differ from previous reports and therefore may contribute an innovative perspective in the design of functional layers for high‐performance OPST devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoelectric materials that can convert thermal energy to electrical energy are stable and long-lasting and do not emit greenhouse gases; these properties render them useful in novel power generation devices that can conserve and utilize lost heat. SiC exhibits good mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature stability, non-toxicity, and environmental friendliness. It can withstand elevated temperatures and thermal shock and is well suited for thermoelectric conversions in high-temperature and harsh environments, such as supersonic vehicles and rockets. This paper reviews the potential of SiC as a high-temperature thermoelectric and third-generation wide-bandgap semiconductor material. Recent research on SiC thermoelectric materials is reviewed, and the principles and methods for optimizing the thermoelectric properties of SiC are discussed. Thus, this paper may contribute to increasing the application potential of SiC for thermoelectric energy conversion at high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fly ash (FA) increases the performance of cement concrete through pozzolanic reaction and microstructure development at later ages. FA is usually associated with lower early age compressive strength especially at higher replacement levels. This study attempts at improving the early age strength of FA portland pozzolana cement with limestone calcined clay pozzolan (LC2). Different proportions of limestone and calcined clay (1∶1 , 1∶2 , and 2∶1) in tandem with FA at various replacements of cement clinker (30%, 40%, and 50%) were tested. The combined effect of using LC2 with FA has shown to enhance the early age hydration of cement along with improved compressive strength. Heat of hydration results showed increased heat release in FA mixes blended with LC2. Thermodynamic modeling analysis was used to study the change in phase assemblage of these mixtures. A higher solid volume observed in the thermodynamic simulations in the combined blends of FA and LC2 is hypothesized to be the cause of improved performance compared with only FA blended cement. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) results further confirmed an improvement in pore structure characteristics of FA cement blended with LC2. The possibility of reducing associated carbon emissions without compromising in strength are highlighted by using FA and LC2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)